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Research Frontiers In Speleogenesis. Dominant Processes, Hydrogeological Conditions And Resulting Cave Patterns, Philippe Audra, Arthur N. Palmer
Research Frontiers In Speleogenesis. Dominant Processes, Hydrogeological Conditions And Resulting Cave Patterns, Philippe Audra, Arthur N. Palmer
KIP Articles
Speleogenesis is the development of well-organized cave systems by fluids moving through fissures of a soluble rock. Epigenic caves induced by biogenic CO2 soil production are dominant, whereas hypogenic caves resulting from uprising deep flow not directly connected to adjacent recharge areas appear to be more frequent than previously considered. The conceptual models of epigenic cave development moved from early models, through the “four-states model” involving fracture influence to explain deep loops, to the digital models demonstrating the adjustment of the main flow to the water table. The relationships with base level are complex and cave levels must be determined …
Uis Bulletin, Volume 57, No. 2, December 2015, Efraín Mercado
Uis Bulletin, Volume 57, No. 2, December 2015, Efraín Mercado
KIP Articles
Contents: Editorial: UIS 50th Anniversary: A Time to Celebrate -- Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the UIS in Postojna, Slovenia -- Launch of the book "Fifty years of the UIS: 1965-2015" -- UIS Proposes to Organize a UNESCO International Year of Caves in 2021 -- France Habe Prize 2015 -- Report of Commission on Cave Rescue -- Report of Commission on History of Speleology -- The Oldest Cave Map in the World -- Asian Transkarst 2015 / Born the Asian Speleological Union -- 33rd Brazilian Congress of Speleology -- Brazilian Speleological Community Supports the Initiative to the UNESCO International …
Texbib – Bibliography Of Texas Speleology Maintained By The Texas Speleological Survey, James Russell Reddell
Texbib – Bibliography Of Texas Speleology Maintained By The Texas Speleological Survey, James Russell Reddell
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
Subsurface Flux Adjustments And Speleogenesis As Inferred From Sediment Traps In Major Lebanese Cave Systems, Carole Nehme, Stephane Jaillet, Jean-Jacques Delannoy
Subsurface Flux Adjustments And Speleogenesis As Inferred From Sediment Traps In Major Lebanese Cave Systems, Carole Nehme, Stephane Jaillet, Jean-Jacques Delannoy
KIP Articles
Caves are natural sediments traps that enclose several types of allochtonous and authoctonous deposits. Study of sediments in caves help to reconstitute the hydrological functioning of caves. In Lebanon, Kessarat and Jeita horizontal caves comprise sediments traps related to collapse and/or to passages enlargements with new passages formed during the alluviation process. A speleogenic study combined with the grain-size analysis of the sedimentary sequence in the Junction Chamber (Kassarat cave) and in the Entrance Gallery (Jeita lower cave) helped to identify several stages of sediment deposition and to define types of paleoflow adjustments during and after the ceiling collapse. In …
Two New Cave-Dwelling Species Of The Millipede Genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 From Southern China (Diplopoda, Callipodida, Paracortinidae), Weixin Liu, Mingyi Tian
Two New Cave-Dwelling Species Of The Millipede Genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 From Southern China (Diplopoda, Callipodida, Paracortinidae), Weixin Liu, Mingyi Tian
KIP Articles
Two new species of the millipede genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 are described. Both are presumed troglophiles: P. zhangi sp. n. from a cave in Ceheng County, southwestern Guizhou Province and P. yinae sp. n. from a cave in Longlin County, western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. A distribution map and a key to all 12 Paracortina species are also provided.
The Terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea, Oniscidea) Of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), With Descriptions Of Two New Species, Stefano Taiti, Judson Wynne
The Terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea, Oniscidea) Of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), With Descriptions Of Two New Species, Stefano Taiti, Judson Wynne
KIP Articles
Nine species of terrestrial isopods are reported for the Polynesian island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) based upon museum materials and recent collections from field sampling. Most of these animals are non-native species, but two are new to science: Styloniscus manuvaka sp. n. and Hawaiioscia rapui sp. n. Of these, the former is believed to be a Polynesian endemic as it has been recorded from Rapa Iti, Austral Islands, while the latter is identified as a Rapa Nui island endemic. Both of these new species are considered ‘disturbance relicts’ and appear restricted to the cave environment on Rapa Nui. A …
Efficacy Of Visual Surveys For White-Nose Syndrome At Bat Hibernacula, A. F. Janicki, W. F. Frick, A. M. Kilpatrick
Efficacy Of Visual Surveys For White-Nose Syndrome At Bat Hibernacula, A. F. Janicki, W. F. Frick, A. M. Kilpatrick
KIP Articles
White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) is an epizootic disease in hibernating bats caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Surveillance for P. destructans at bat hibernacula consists primarily of visual surveys of bats, collection of potentially infected bats, and submission of these bats for laboratory testing. Cryptic infections (bats that are infected but display no visual signs of fungus) could lead to the mischaracterization of the infection status of a site and the inadvertent spread of P. destructans. We determined the efficacy of visual detection of P. destructans by examining visual signs and molecular detection of P. destructans on 928 bats of six …
Bats Swarm Where They Hibernate: Compositional Similarity Between Autumn Swarming And Winter Hibernation Assemblages At Five Underground Sites, Jaap Van Schaik, René Janssen, Thijs Bosch
Bats Swarm Where They Hibernate: Compositional Similarity Between Autumn Swarming And Winter Hibernation Assemblages At Five Underground Sites, Jaap Van Schaik, René Janssen, Thijs Bosch
KIP Articles
During autumn in the temperate zone of both the new and old world, bats of many species assemble at underground sites in a behaviour known as swarming. Autumn swarming behaviour is thought to primarily serve as a promiscuous mating system, but may also be related to the localization and assessment of hibernacula. Bats subsequently make use of the same underground sites during winter hibernation, however it is currently unknown if the assemblages that make use of a site are comparable across swarming and hibernation seasons. Our purpose was to characterize the bat assemblages found at five underground sites during both …
A Milk And Ochre Paint Mixture Used 49,000 Years Ago At Sibudu, South Africa, Paola Villa, Luca Pollarolo, Ilaria Degano
A Milk And Ochre Paint Mixture Used 49,000 Years Ago At Sibudu, South Africa, Paola Villa, Luca Pollarolo, Ilaria Degano
KIP Articles
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, proteomic and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analyses of residue on a stone flake from a 49,000 year-old layer of Sibudu (South Africa) indicate a mixture of ochre and casein from milk, likely obtained by killing a lactating wild bovid. Ochre powder production and use are documented in Middle Stone Age South African sites but until now there has been no evidence of the use of milk as a binder. Our analyses show that this ochre-based mixture was neither a hafting adhesive nor a residue left after treating animal skins, but a liquid mixture …
The Modern Human Colonization Of Western Eurasia: When And Where?, Jean-Jacques Hublin
The Modern Human Colonization Of Western Eurasia: When And Where?, Jean-Jacques Hublin
KIP Articles
Dating the timing of the replacement of local Neandertal populations by modern humans in western Eurasia at the dawn of the Upper Palaeolithic remains challenging due to the scarcity of the palaeontological evidence and to the complexity of the archaeological record. Furthermore, key specimens have been discovered in the course of excavations that unfortunately did not meet today's archaeological standards. The importance of site-formation processes in the considered time period makes it sometimes difficult to precisely assign fragmentary remains a posteriori to distinct techno-complexes. The improvements in dating methods have however allowed for the clarification of many chronological issues in …
A Composite Annual-Resolution Stalagmite Record Of North Atlantic Climate Over The Last Three Millennia, Andy Baker, John C. Hellstrom, Bryce F. J. Kelly
A Composite Annual-Resolution Stalagmite Record Of North Atlantic Climate Over The Last Three Millennia, Andy Baker, John C. Hellstrom, Bryce F. J. Kelly
KIP Articles
Annually laminated stalagmites can be used to construct a precise chronology, and variations in laminae thickness provide an annual growth-rate record that can be used as a proxy for past climate and environmental change. Here, we present and analyse the first composite speleothem annual growth-rate record based on five stalagmites from the same cave system in northwest Scotland, where precipitation is sensitive to North Atlantic climate variability and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our 3000-year record confirms persistently low growth-rates, reflective of positive NAO states, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Another persistently low growth period occurring at 290-550 …
Adaptive Molecular Evolution Of Phye In Primulina, A Karst Cave Plant, Junjie Tao, Qingwen Qi, Ming Kang
Adaptive Molecular Evolution Of Phye In Primulina, A Karst Cave Plant, Junjie Tao, Qingwen Qi, Ming Kang
KIP Articles
Limestone Karst areas possess high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Primulina is a typical component of Karst endemic floras. The high species richness and wide distribution in various Karst microenvironments make the genus an idea model for studying speciation and local adaptation. In this study, we obtained 10 full-length sequences of the phytochrome PHYE from available transcriptome resources of Primulina and amplified partial sequences of PHYE from the genomic DNA of 74 Primulina species. Then, we used maximum-likelihood approaches to explore molecular evolution of PHYE in this Karst cave plant. The results showed that PHYE was dominated by purifying selection …
Antibodies To Pseudogymnoascus Destructans Are Not Sufficient For Protection Against White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph S. Johnson, Deeann M. Reeder, Thomas M. Lilley
Antibodies To Pseudogymnoascus Destructans Are Not Sufficient For Protection Against White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph S. Johnson, Deeann M. Reeder, Thomas M. Lilley
KIP Articles
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that affects bats during hibernation. Although millions of bats have died from WNS in North America, mass mortality has not been observed among European bats infected by the fungus, leading to the suggestion that bats in Europe are immune. We tested the hypothesis that an antibody-mediated immune response can provide protection against WNS by quantifying antibodies reactive to Pd in blood samples from seven species of free-ranging bats in North America and two free-ranging species in Europe. We also quantified antibodies in blood samples from little brown myotis …
Sulfidic Spring In The Gypsum Karst System Of Monte Conca (Italy): Chemistry And Microbiological Evidences, Marianna Messina, Tiziana Grech, Florenzo Florenza
Sulfidic Spring In The Gypsum Karst System Of Monte Conca (Italy): Chemistry And Microbiological Evidences, Marianna Messina, Tiziana Grech, Florenzo Florenza
KIP Articles
Monte Conca Cave is a karst system placed in Messinian evaporites, consisting of an active cave and a resurgence located on the massif of Monte Conca, Campofranco within the "Riserva Naturale Integrale di Monte Conca". A sulfidic spring is located in the terminal gallery of the cave. To characterize the physical and chemical parameters of the Monte Conca cave and of the sulfidic spring, air temperature, relative humidity, water pH, and concentrations of dissolved sulfides, nitrates and sulfates were monitored. The high sulfide consumption rate in the sulfidic spring, evaluated by a kinetic study, suggests that biotic consumption is dominant. …
Shedding Light On A Cryptic Cavernicole: A Second Species Of Zenkevitchia Birstein (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Typhlogammaridae) Discovered Via Molecular Techniques, Dmitry Sidorov
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
Bacteria Isolated From Bats Inhibit The Growth Of Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, The Causative Agent Of White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph R. Hoty, Tina L. Cheng, Kate E. Langwing
Bacteria Isolated From Bats Inhibit The Growth Of Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, The Causative Agent Of White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph R. Hoty, Tina L. Cheng, Kate E. Langwing
KIP Articles
Emerging infectious diseases are a key threat to wildlife. Several fungal skin pathogens have recently emerged and caused widespread mortality in several vertebrate groups, including amphibians, bats, rattlesnakes and humans. White-nose syndrome, caused by the fungal skin pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, threatens several hibernating bat species with extinction and there are few effective treatment strategies. The skin microbiome is increasingly understood to play a large role in determining disease outcome. We isolated bacteria from the skin of four bat species, and co-cultured these isolates with P. destructans to identify bacteria that might inhibit or kill P. destructans. We then conducted two …
‘Neanderthal Bone Flutes’ : Simply Products Of Ice Age Spotted Hyena Scavenging Activities On Cave Bear Cubs In European Cave Bear Dens, Cajus G. Diedrich
‘Neanderthal Bone Flutes’ : Simply Products Of Ice Age Spotted Hyena Scavenging Activities On Cave Bear Cubs In European Cave Bear Dens, Cajus G. Diedrich
KIP Articles
Punctured extinct cave bear femora were misidentified in southeastern Europe (Hungary/Slovenia) as ‘Palaeolithic bone flutes’ and the ‘oldest Neanderthal instruments’. These are not instruments, nor human made, but products of the most important cave bear scavengers of Europe, hyenas. Late Middle to Late Pleistocene (Mousterian to Gravettian) Ice Age spotted hyenas of Europe occupied mainly cave entrances as dens (communal/cub raising den types), but went deeper for scavenging into cave bear dens, or used in a few cases branches/diagonal shafts (i.e. prey storage den type). In most of those dens, about 20% of adult to 80% of bear cub remains …
Isolation And Identification Of An Extracellular Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease Secreted By The Bat Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, Evan L. Pannkuk, Thomas S. Risch, Brett J. Savary
Isolation And Identification Of An Extracellular Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease Secreted By The Bat Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, Evan L. Pannkuk, Thomas S. Risch, Brett J. Savary
KIP Articles
White nose syndrome (WNS) is a cutaneous fungal disease of bats. WNS is responsible for unprecedented mortalities in North American cave bat populations. There have been few descriptions of enzyme activities that may function in WNS host/pathogen interactions, while no study has isolated and described secreted proteases. To address the hypothesis that Pseudogymnoascus destructans secretes extracellular proteases that function in wing necrosis during WNS infection, the object of this study was to culture P. destructans on various media, then isolate and structurally identify those proteases accumulated stably in the culture medium. We found a single dominant protease activity on minimal …
Direct Detection Of Fungal Siderophores On Bats With White-Nose Syndrome Via Fluorescence Microscopy-Guided Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Samantha J. Mascuch, Wilna J. Moree, Cheng-Chih Hsu
Direct Detection Of Fungal Siderophores On Bats With White-Nose Syndrome Via Fluorescence Microscopy-Guided Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Samantha J. Mascuch, Wilna J. Moree, Cheng-Chih Hsu
KIP Articles
White-nose syndrome (WNS) caused by the pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans is decimating the populations of several hibernating North American bat species. Little is known about the molecular interplay between pathogen and host in this disease. Fluorescence microscopy ambient ionization mass spectrometry was used to generate metabolic profiles from the wings of both healthy and diseased bats of the genus Myotis. Fungal siderophores, molecules that scavenge iron from the environment, were detected on the wings of bats with WNS, but not on healthy bats. This work is among the first examples in which microbial molecules are directly detected from an infected …
A High-Density Linksage Map For Astyanax Mexicanus Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing Technology, Brian M. Carlson, Samuel W. Onusko, Joshua B. Gross
A High-Density Linksage Map For Astyanax Mexicanus Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing Technology, Brian M. Carlson, Samuel W. Onusko, Joshua B. Gross
KIP Articles
The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is a unique model system consisting of cave-adapted and surface-dwelling morphotypes that diverged >1 million years (My) ago. This remarkable natural experiment has enabled powerful genetic analyses of cave adaptation. Here, we describe the application of next-generation sequencing technology to the creation of a high-density linksage map. Our map comprises more than 2200 markers populating 25 linksage groups constructed from genotypic data generated from a single genotyping-by-sequencing project. We leveraged emergent genomic and transcriptomic resources to anchor hundreds of anonymous Astyanax markers to the genome of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the most closely related model …
Phytoliths (Plant-Derived Mineral Bodies) As Geobiological And Climatic Indicators In Arid Environments New Mexico Geology, February 2015, Volume 37, Number 1
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
Gota A Gota, No. 7, 2015, Toni Pérez Fernández
Gota A Gota, No. 7, 2015, Toni Pérez Fernández
KIP Articles
Portada de GOTA A GOTA nº 7 (2015) -- Editorial y datos de la publicación -- Josep V. González Silvestre. Memorias del inframundo: Bioespeleología I. SECCIÓN BIOESPELEOLOGÍA. -- José Millán Naranjo. La Mina de agua del Puerto de Brenes o de la Fábrica de Anís (Carmona, Sevilla). SECCIÓN ESPELEOMINERÍA. -- José Bermejo, Borja López, Tomeu Mateu, José Vicente Pardo y Jaume Deya Miro. Cova de sa Germanería (Calvià, Mallorca). SECCIÓN EXPLORACIONES -- Contraportada de GOTA A GOTA nº 7 (2015). Open Access No. 7 (2015)
Urban Water Challenges In The Americas. A Perspective From The Academies Of Sciences
Urban Water Challenges In The Americas. A Perspective From The Academies Of Sciences
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
New Records Of Anchialine Fauna From The Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, Fernando Alvarez
New Records Of Anchialine Fauna From The Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, Fernando Alvarez
KIP Articles
New records for 17 species of crustaceans from anchialine systems in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, are presented. The records come from explorations in Dzilam de Bravo, Yucatan, and from Puerto Aventuras and the Nohoch Nah Chich and Ox Bel Ha cave systems near Tulum in Quintana Roo, Mexico. For five of the 17 species dealt with here, the records presented constitute the second time those species are reported after their original descriptions. For the alpheid shrimp Yagerocaris cozumel, we present the first record of the species for continental Yucatan and for the atyid shrimp Jonga serrei, the second record from …
A Hominin Femur With Archaic Affinities From The Late Pleistocene Of Southwest China, Darren Curnoe, Xueping Ji, Wu Liu
A Hominin Femur With Archaic Affinities From The Late Pleistocene Of Southwest China, Darren Curnoe, Xueping Ji, Wu Liu
KIP Articles
The number of Late Pleistocene hominin species and the timing of their extinction are issues receiving renewed attention following genomic evidence for interbreeding between the ancestors of some living humans and archaic taxa. Yet, major gaps in the fossil record and uncertainties surrounding the age of key fossils have meant that these questions remain poorly understood. Here we describe and compare a highly unusual femur from Late Pleistocene sediments at Maludong (Yunnan), Southwest China, recovered along with cranial remains that exhibit a mixture of anatomically modern human and archaic traits. Our studies show that the Maludong femur has affinities to …
Crevice Interments Deconstructed, Stephen L. Black, M. Katherine Spradley, Michelle D. Hamilton
Crevice Interments Deconstructed, Stephen L. Black, M. Katherine Spradley, Michelle D. Hamilton
KIP Articles
The discovery of two well-preserved human crania in a crevice overlooking a spring-fed creek near Austin, Texas, led to medico-legal, archeological, and bioanthropological investigations aimed at understanding the context and biological affinity of the crania. Archeological excavations uncovered no evidence that the crania were interred in the crevice during prehistoric times. Skeletal analysis showed they were of Native American ancestry. Radiocarbon dating indicated they are contemporary to one another and probably date to the seventh or eighth century A.D. Measured stable isotopic rations of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) derived from human bone collagen samples from the crania are not …
National Cave And Karst Research Institute 2014-2015 Annual Report, National Cave And Karst Research Institute
National Cave And Karst Research Institute 2014-2015 Annual Report, National Cave And Karst Research Institute
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
The White-Nose Syndrome Transcriptome: Activation Of Anti-Fungal Host Responses In Wing Tissue Of Hibernating Little Brown Myotis, Kenneth A. Field, Joseph Johnson, Thomas M. Lilley
The White-Nose Syndrome Transcriptome: Activation Of Anti-Fungal Host Responses In Wing Tissue Of Hibernating Little Brown Myotis, Kenneth A. Field, Joseph Johnson, Thomas M. Lilley
KIP Articles
White-nose syndrome (WNS) in North American bats is caused by an invasive cutaneous infection by the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). We compared transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression using RNA-Seq on wing skin tissue from hibernating little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with WNS to bats without Pd exposure. We found that WNS caused significant changes in gene expression in hibernating bats including pathways involved in inflammation, wound healing, and metabolism. Local acute inflammatory responses were initiated by fungal invasion. Gene expression was increased for inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17C, IL-20, IL-23A, IL-24, and G-CSF and chemokines, such …
Updated Numerical Model With Uncertainty Assessment Of 1950-56 Drought Conditions On Brackish-Water Movement Within The Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas, Linzy K. Brakefield, Jeremy T. White, Natalie A. Houston
Updated Numerical Model With Uncertainty Assessment Of 1950-56 Drought Conditions On Brackish-Water Movement Within The Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas, Linzy K. Brakefield, Jeremy T. White, Natalie A. Houston
KIP Articles
In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, began a study to assess the brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer (more specifically the potential for brackish-water encroachment into wells near the interface between the freshwater and brackish-water transition zones, referred to in this report as the transition-zone interface) and effects on spring discharge at Comal and San Marcos Springs under drought conditions using a numerical model. The quantitative targets of this study are to predict the effects of higher-than-average groundwater withdrawals from wells and drought-of-record rainfall conditions of 1950–56 on (1) dissolved-solids concentration changes …
Nuevas Excavaciones En Cueva Del Medio. Procesos De Formación De La Cueva Y Avances En Los Estudios De Interacción Entre Cazadores-Recolectores Y Fauna Extinta (Pleistoceno Final, Patagonia Meridional), Fabiana M. Martin, Dominique Todisco, Joël Rodet
Nuevas Excavaciones En Cueva Del Medio. Procesos De Formación De La Cueva Y Avances En Los Estudios De Interacción Entre Cazadores-Recolectores Y Fauna Extinta (Pleistoceno Final, Patagonia Meridional), Fabiana M. Martin, Dominique Todisco, Joël Rodet
KIP Articles
New studies at Cueva del Medio, Ultima Esperanza, Chile, are presented. Some of the main cave formation and sediment accumulation processes were identified. New excavations indicated that extinct fauna was using the cave at least since 14,000 radiocarbon years BP. Human occupations at the end of the Pleistocene were confirmed with new findings and radiocarbon dates. The importance of extinct fauna in the human subsistence was less important than previously sustained.