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Comparison Of Ferrate And Ozone Pre-Oxidation On Disinfection Byproduct Formation From Chlorination And Chloramination, Yanjun Jiang, Joseph E. Goodwill, John E. Tobiason, David A. Reckhow

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This study investigated the effects of ferrate and ozone pre-oxidation on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from subsequent chlorination or chloramination. Two natural waters were treated at bench-scale under various scenarios (chlorine, chloramine, each with ferrate pre-oxidation, and each with pre-ozonation). The formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs in fortified natural waters was assessed. Results indicated ferrate and ozone pre-oxidation were comparable at molar equivalent doses for most DBPs. A net decrease in trihalomethanes (including iodinated forms), haloacetic acids (HAAs), dihaloacetonitrile, total organic chlorine, and total organic iodine was found with both pre-oxidants as compared to chlorination only. An increase in …

Federalism In Marine Fisheries Governance In Indonesia: An Analysis Of The Stakeholders’ Perceptions, Fery Sutyawan

Open Access Dissertations

This paper analyzes the policy impacts generated by three interconnected regulations that were authorized in the 2014-2015 period pertinent to Indonesian marine fisheries governance. In addition, it also develops policy alternatives and investigates the stakeholders’ attitudes towards these policies.

Employing the mixed-method research approach with the case study research design, this paper explains the impacts caused by the increased fishing fee tariff on the national fisheries revenues, the composition of the Nationally Registered Fishing Vessels (NRFV), and the Fishing Operational Costs (FOC). The latter, the contribution of the increased fishing fee tariff to the FOC, was derived from an analysis …

Evidence Of Environmental Changes Caused By Chinese Island-Building, Leland Smith, Peter C. Cornillon, Don Rudnickas, Colleen B. Mouw

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

This paper quantifies environmental effects of island-building operations in the South China Sea, which result from dredging and can negatively impact marine flora, fauna, and ecosystems. The extent of the damage caused by island-creation is believed to be large, as the South China Sea reefs support the largest concentration of marine biodiversity on Earth. Through use of satellite imagery, we investigate the island-construction on Mischief Reef in the South China Sea, showing backscatter increases of up to 350% in waters surrounding the reef, with plumes of excess sediment exceeding 250 km² at times during island-construction, and the cumulative area …

Changes In Gross Oxygen Production, Net Oxygen Production, And Air-Water Gas Exchange During Seasonal Ice Melt In Whycocomagh Bay, A Canadian Estuary In The Bras D'Or Lake System, Cara C. Manning, Rachel H.R. Stanley, David P. Nicholson, Brice Loose, Ann Lovely, Peter Schlosser, Bruce G. Hatcher

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Sea ice is an important control on gas exchange and primary production in polar regions. We measured net oxygen production (NOP) and gross oxygen production (GOP) using near-continuous measurements of the O₂∕Ar gas ratio and discrete measurements of the triple isotopic composition of O₂, during the transition from ice-covered to ice-free conditions, in Whycocomagh Bay, an estuary in the Bras d'Or Lake system in Nova Scotia, Canada. The volumetric gross oxygen production was 5.4+2.8-1.6" role="presentation">5.4+2.8−1.6 mmol O₂ m⁻³ d⁻¹, similar at the beginning and end of the time series, and likely …

Alternative Functional Strategies And Altered Carbon Pathways Facilitate Broad Depth Ranges In Coral‐Obligate Reef Fishes, Chancey Macdonald, Tom C.L. Bridge, Kelton W. Mcmahon, Geoffrey P. Jones

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

1. Spatial refuges in peripheral habitats will become increasingly important for species persistence as climate change and other disturbances progressively impact habitat quality and assemblage compositions. However, the capacity for persistence will be determined in part by species‐specific abilities to absorb costs related to altered or decreased quantities and quality of resources at range peripheries.

2. We compared variations in dietary strategies and energy acquisition trade‐offs along depth gradients in two obligate corallivores that differ in level of diet specialization. We also assessed depth‐related changes in energy pathways and energy content of their mixotrophic prey. We found no changes in …

Influence Of 16s Rrna Hypervariable Region On Estimates Of Bacterial Diversity And Community Composition In Seawater And Marine Sediment, Zak Kerrigan, John B. Kirkpatrick, Steven D'Hondt

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

To assess the influence of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) tag choice on estimates of microbial diversity and/or community composition in seawater and marine sediment, we examined bacterial diversity and community composition from a site in the Central North Atlantic and a site in the Equatorial Pacific. For each site, we analyzed samples from four zones in the water column, a seafloor sediment sample, and two subseafloor sediment horizons (with stratigraphic ages of 1.5 and 5.5 million years old). We amplified both the V4 and V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered the sequences into operational taxonomic units …

Uptake Of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds, Including Ocps And Pbdes, And Perfluoroalkyl Acids (Pfaas) In Fish And Blue Crabs Of The Lower Passaic River (Nj, Usa), Mohammed A. Khairy, Gregory O. Noonan, Rainer Lohmann

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sedimentary hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is of concern at contaminated sites. Passive samplers have emerged as a promising tool to measure the bioavailability of sedimentary HOCs and possibly to estimate their bioaccumulation. We thus analyzed HOCs including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) in sediment, porewater and riverwater using low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers, and in 11 different finfish species and blue crab from the lower Passaic River. Additionally, perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) were measured in grab water samples, sediment and fish. Best predictors of bioaccumulation …

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Activity Of Gas-Phase Ambient Air Derived From Passive Sampling And An In Vitro Bioassay, Carrie A. Mcdonough, Diana G. Franks, Mark E. Hahn, Rainer Lohmann

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The gaseous fraction of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in ambient air appears to be responsible for a significant portion of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)‐mediated activity, but the majority of compounds contributing to this activity remain unidentified. This study investigated the use of polyethylene passive samplers (PEs) to isolate gaseous HOCs from ambient air for use in in vitro bioassays and to improve our understanding of the toxicological relevance of the gaseous fraction of ambient air in urban and residential environments. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic flame retardants (OFRs) were measured in PE extracts. Extracts were also analyzed …

(Un)Spoken Codes: Is The New Generation Breaking The Pentecostal Dress Code?, Ananís Rentas Vega

Major Papers by TMD Master of Science Students

No abstract provided.

Choosing Best Practices For Managing Impacts Of Trawl Fishing On Seabed Habitats And Biota, Robert A. Mcconnaughey, Jan G. Hiddink, Simon Jennings, C. Roland Pitcher, Michel J. Kaiser, Petri Suuronen, Marija Sciberras, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, Jeremy Collie, Tessa Mazor, Ricardo O. Amoroso, Ana M. Parma, Ray Hilborn

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Bottom trawling accounts for almost one quarter of global fish landings but may also have significant and unwanted impacts on seabed habitats and biota. Management measures and voluntary industry actions can reduce these impacts, helping to meet sustainability objectives for fisheries, conservation and environmental management. These include changes in gear design and operation of trawls, spatial controls, impact quotas and effort controls. We review nine different measures and actions and use published studies and a simple conceptual model to evaluate and compare their performance. The risks and benefits of these management measures depend on the extent to which the fishery …

Molecular And Morphological Investigations Into The Evolution And Development Of Red Algal Parasites, Jillian Freese

Open Access Dissertations

Symbiotic relationships occur on a spectrum from mutualistic to parasitic. Parasitism— where one organism benefits greatly and the other is potentially harmed—is the most common type of symbiosis found throughout the tree of life. Most of the well-studied parasites have detrimental impacts on agriculture and human health as the causative agents of disease. However, these pathogens do not represent the diversity of parasitism. Most eukaryotic parasites have a photosynthetic ancestry but lost the ability to carry out photosynthesis at some point in their transition to parasitism. These parasites have undergone significant morphological and genomic changes as a result of their …

Ultrafast Coherent Spectroscopies And Laser Sources Based On Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Phenomena, Adam D. Card

Open Access Dissertations

This document is composed of four different research efforts. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I present my experimental work on seeded Yb-doped Q-switched fiber laser based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). I began by experimenting with different types of fiber laser cavity configurations in order to find an ideal cavity that would successfully generate the free-running stochastic nonlinear SBS mirror as well as to reinforce the injected light mode. Experimentally, the ideal configuration involved a diffraction grating as the cavity back-mirror in the Littrow configuration with added cavity losses to enhance the SBS effect. Single SBS pulses exhibited …

Molecular Chains Under Tension And Torque: Activation Of Statistically Interacting Extension, Twist, And Contact Particles, Aaron C. Meyer

Open Access Dissertations

This study presents a statistical mechanical analysis of single molecular chains at thermal equilibrium subject to tension, torque, and contact with a fluid medium. Polymeric chains are modeled as one-dimensional, microscopic groups of monomers. The methodology treats the response of monomers to tension, torque, and fluid medium contact as sets of statistically interacting quasi-particles. Complex elastic behavior and structural transitions as observed in single-molecule manipulation experiments are successfully described using this methodology. Models pertaining to thermal unbending, linear elasticity, torque-twist characteristics, and structural transformations including effects of cooperativity are presented. Dynamic phenomena associated with fluid-medium contact are considered as an …

A Phenomenological Study Of Perspectives On Teacher Diversity And The Lived Experiences Of Black Public School Teachers, Michael Browner Jr.

Open Access Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives and lived experiences of Black public school teachers as related to the underrepresentation of Black teachers in the teaching profession. Data were collected through interviews with ten teachers who identified as Black and were employed by two school districts in northeastern Rhode Island. Through phenomenology as a methodology, and autoethnography as a method, this study sought to explore the lived experiences of Black teachers in contemporary public school settings and their perspectives on teacher diversity. This study provides an in-depth and intimate understanding of what it is like and what …

Krill Motion In The Southern Ocean: Quantifying In Situ Krill Movement Behaviors And Energetics, Mary Kathryn Kane

Open Access Dissertations

Krill are a major link in the transfer of carbon between primary production and upper trophic level organisms, like whales and penguins, in the Southern Ocean. However, not much is known about in situ individual krill behaviors, and there have been no seasonal comparisons of individual krill motility in the Southern Ocean. To address how individual krill movement behaviors and energetic requirements shift between seasons, we used a novel stereo-camera and environmental sensor system to observe krill in three bays in the Western Antarctic Peninsula in May-June 2013 (i.e., the late austral autumn) and December 2014 (i.e., the late austral …

Overcoming Contemporary Obstacles In Drug Delivery Via Acetalated Dextran Particle Formulations, Nishan K. Shah

Open Access Dissertations

Particle-based delivery systems have been investigated for their potential to increase the efficacy of patient diagnoses and treatments. In many cases, these systems increase the bioavailability and/or decrease the toxicity of clinically relevant drugs. These developments have led to improvements in patient compliance, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. To date, particle-based delivery systems have been evaluated in hundreds of clinical trials around the world. Unlike conventional delivery systems, particle-based delivery systems offer increased surface area, colloidal stability, and system tunability, all of which can be tailored to target the disease state of interest and specific patient population.

Although there …

Dna Damage, Repair And Mutational Spectrum, Ke Bian

Open Access Dissertations

The integrity and stability of DNA is essential to life since it stores genetic information in every living cell. Chemicals from the environment will assault DNA to form various types of DNA damage, ranging from small covalent crosslinks between neighboring DNA bases as seen in cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, to big bulky adducts derived from benzo[a]pyrene. This resultant damage will lead to replication block and mutation if remain unrepaired and will eventually cause cancer or other genetic diseases. The work presented in this dissertation has illustrated the important role of the AlkB family DNA repair enzymes in cancer and Wilson’s Disease. …

Use Of Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry To Uncover True Nafld Effect On Human Drug Disposition Proteins, Benjamin Joseph Barlock

Open Access Dissertations

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing in prevalence across the world and is associated with a significant economic cost. In addition to life style modification, no pharmacotherapy method is available to treat NAFLD. As the histology of the liver changes over the course of the disease, it can be expected that the liver proteome will change too. Included in the liver proteome are drug disposition proteins comprised of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. These proteins are responsible for the removal of drugs and endogenous compounds from the body. The goals of this dissertation were: (1) Develop methodology to accurately …

Nutritional Beliefs And Practices Of Arabic Speaking Middle Eastern Mothers, Maissa Al-Bkerat

Open Access Dissertations

Childhood obesity is recognized as an important health problem in the United States. Researchers have identified culture and acculturation as major factors influencing obesity across several ethnic groups, although little is known about the historically invisible and vulnerable population of those identifying as Arabic speaking individuals from Middle Eastern countries. In Arabic culture, mothers are responsible for creating and maintaining a home environment that fosters healthy eating behaviors among family members including the children. It is assumed, therefore, that mothers in Arabic culture play an essential role in preventing childhood obesity.

The aim of this study was to explore perceptions …

How Birds Respond To Antioxidant Capacity, Oxidative Damage, And Fuel Stores During Migration, Clara Cooper-Mullin

Open Access Dissertations

During migration, birds have an elevated metabolic rate and rely heavily on fat for fuel, creating a state where oxidative stress may be high if not counterbalanced by antioxidants. However, no previous studies have examined how birds utilize different aspects of the antioxidant system to combat oxidative damage during flight training, whether dietary antioxidants are absorbed and transported to the site of reactive species generation, the mitochondria, or how oxidative status interacts with fuel stores to shape decisions birds make during migratory stopovers. In this dissertation, I first introduce the physiological challenges of increased production of reactive species confronted by …

Biofilm Adhesion On The Sulfide Mineral Bornite & Implications For Astrobiology, Margaret M. Wilson

Open Access Master's Theses

We present research observing and documenting the model organism, Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), building biofilm on a natural mineral substrate composed largely of bornite (Cu5FeS4), a copper-iron sulfide mineral, with closely intergrown regions of covellite (CuS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). In examining biofilm establishment on sulfide minerals, we investigate a potential habitable niche for microorganisms in extraterrestrial sites. Geochemical microenvironments on Earth and in the lab can also serve as analogs for important extraterrestrial sites, such as sheltered, subsurface microenvironments on Mars. The sulfur cycle has been important to Mars’s surficial and interior processes during most of its geological record …

Chemical Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Evaluation Of Methylation And Glycation Dna Adducts, Qi Tang

Open Access Dissertations

The integrity of genomic DNA is constantly challenged by endogenous and environmental agents with the formation of DNA adducts. Some of these adducts are toxic and mutagenic to replication, thus potentially leading to cancer and other genetic diseases. To counteract the undesired DNA modifications from damaging agents, cells have evolved a number of repair pathways, such as base-excision repair, nucleotide-excision repair, mismatch repair, and direct reversal repair, to restore the intact DNA. However, DNA repair is not always efficient, there are many interfering factors, such as inherited deficiency in DNA repair pathways, or the abnormal uptake of substance with inhibitory …

Self-Monitoring Heart Rate Biofeedback: A Secondary Prevention Strategy For Managing Anxiety In College Students, Louis William Turchetta

Open Access Dissertations

Intro: Anxiety is often a chronic condition that will affect approximately 29% of individuals during their lifetimes (Dennis & O’Toole, 2014). Unfortunately, numerous barriers to treatment exist, especially when treating children (Dennis & O’Toole, 2014). Wearable technology, particularly utilizing heart rate monitoring, can potentially aid in the treatment of anxiety, allowing for greater recognition of symptoms and interventions in any setting.

Hypothesis: Hypothesis one: College students with "mild to moderate" levels of anxiety will be able to utilize self-monitoring heart rate biofeedback (SMHRB) consistently (e.g., respond to at least 70% of Maximum HR alerts utilizing relaxation breathing). Hypothesis …

Dietary Polyphenols And Their Gut Microbiota Metabolites As Potential Treatments For Alzheimer's Disease, Kenneth N. Rose

Open Access Dissertations

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that has no cure, no therapies to stop the disease progression, and limited palliative care options. As the 6th leading cause of death in the United States, it is necessary to discover therapeutics which can alter disease progression to alleviate the burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems. In the search of therapeutics for AD, dietary polyphenols have become the topic of research as epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to dietary polyphenols, such as a Mediterranean diet, over one’s life, reduces the risk of dying from AD. Additionally, evidence from rodent models …

The Development Of The Self-Efficacy During Exposure – Child (See-C) Measure: A Pilot Study, Mary Kathryn M. Cancilliere

Open Access Dissertations

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders but involves acute discomfort, rendering treatment engagement a challenge. Willingness to engage in exposure is of interest, because a child has to willingly approach a feared stimulus. This preliminary study investigated child engagement during exposures in CBT for anxiety disorders, with the development, validation, and field testing of a measure of self-efficacy over three time points. The measure, Self-Efficacy During Exposure-Child (SEE-C), is a 9-item, self-report measure of self-efficacy during exposure for youth 8-17 years old. A sample of eight reviewers at least 2-years post licensure (M = …

Alexa Or Alex? Gendered Technology’S Influence On Consumer Judgments, Jiyoon An

Open Access Dissertations

This research attempts to examine when technological products are seen as a gendered agent rather than an object. Based on a review of the literature on consumer- technology relationship and social cognition theory, this research addresses the conditions for gendering of technology, its process and outcomes by using multi-method empirical studies. The stereotype model tests the mediating and moderating hypotheses regarding gendering and its effects on consumer judgments. The disruption model attempts to disrupt the stereotyped gender effects by using a counter-stereotypical gendered cue. The research provides theoretical, managerial, and public policy insights.

Oyster-Associated Microbial Community Dynamics, Rebecca Jean Stevick

Open Access Dissertations

Oysters are keystone species in the coastal environment, providing ecological, economic, and cultural services. A significant ecosystem service is their ability to improve water quality by filtration and denitrification. These ecological functions are made possible by oyster-associated microbes, but may also be threatened by microbial pathogens. This positions the oyster as a model system for the study of marine host-associated microbial diversity and function. However, studies of microbial diversity and function in shellfish are lacking, particularly in response to environmental perturbations. As coastal ecosystems change due to anthropogenic impacts and climate variability, it is important to understand how the oyster …

Three Experimental Examinations Of Aspects Of Institutions Governing Natural Resource Use, Christopher Brozyna

Open Access Dissertations

Theory alone cannot accurately describe the characteristics of successful natural resource governance institutions. Laboratory economic experiments are needed to analyze the characteristics and validate theories in a controlled environment. Three such experiments on important, but frequently overlooked, aspects of institutions are reported: time allowed for decision-making, the strength of property rights, and how resource user groups impact each other. Chapter 1 analyzes how psychology can impact outcomes in institutions by forcing subjects to make decisions under time pressure, something not before analyzed in a dynamic Common Pool Resource management context. We find users under time pressure make decisions which reduce …

An ‘Omics Approach To Diet & Structure Impact On Perfluoroalkyl Substance Induced Liver Disease, Marisa Pfohl

Open Access Dissertations

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a family of environmental toxicants, are ubiquitous in the environment and the human population. PFAS are manmade chemicals that have been widely used in manufacturing since the 1940s. PFAS are extremely resistant to degradation leading to their accumulation within the environment and the general population. The most concentrated PFAS member present in the general population, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), has been linked to suppressed vaccine response, high serum cholesterol, low fetal birth weight, thyroid disease, increased markers of liver injury, and even certain types of cancers. PFOS was voluntarily phased out of manufacturing due to its bioaccumulutive and …

Constructing Transgression: Criminality In Experimental Literature, Charles Kell

Open Access Dissertations

This dissertation examines integral, challenging contemporary poetry and fiction, and its relationship to notions of the criminal in multiple guises. The present focus on “criminal” excavates not only its literal meaning - the nature of crime, and its specific relation to penal law - but also brings to light how the “criminal” affects the construction of fiction and poetry, and the lives of various individuals (speakers) within the chosen texts. Intricately tied with the criminal are practices that transgress, and this study will also locate specific creations where poets and novelists construct transgressions that challenge contemporary ideas of narrative and …