Digital Commons Network^™

A New Paraprobiotic-Based Treatment For Control Of Haemonchus Contortus In Sheep, John Sanders, Yue Xie, David Gazzola, Hanchen Li, Ambily Abraham, Kelly Flanagan, Florentina Rus, Melanie Miller, Yan Hu, Sierra Guynn, Austin Draper, Sridhar Vakalapudi, Katherine Petersson, Dante Zarlenga, Robert W. Li, Joseph F. Urban Jr., Gary R. Ostroff, Anne Zajac, Raffi V. Aroian

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Haemonchus contortus is a critical parasite of goats and sheep. Infection by this blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite has significant health consequences, especially in lambs and kids. The parasite has developed resistance to virtually all known classes of small molecule anthelmintics used to treat it, giving rise in some areas to multidrug resistant parasites that are very difficult to control. Thus, new anthelmintics are urgently needed. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein 5B (Cry5B), a naturally occurring protein made by a bacterium widely and safely used around the world as a bioinsecticide, represents a new non-small molecule modality for treating GINs. …

A New Paper-Based Microfluidic Device For Improved Detection Of Nitrate In Water, Amer Charbaji, Hojat Heidari-Bafroui, Constantine Anagnostopoulos, Mohammad Faghri

Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we report a simple and inexpensive paper-based microfluidic device for detecting nitrate in water. This device incorporates two recent developments in paper-based technology suitable for nitrate detection and has an optimized microfluidic design. The first technical advancement employed is an innovative fibrous composite material made up of cotton fibers and zinc microparticles that can be incorporated in paper-based devices and results in better nitrate reduction. The second is a detection zone with an immobilized reagent that allows the passage of a larger sample volume. Different acids were tested—citric and phosphoric acids gave better results than hydrochloric acid …

A Guide To Freshwater Aquariums, Noah Savastano

Senior Honors Projects

The objective of this project was to create a complete guide, useful for someone of any aquarium expertise level, describing how to set up and care for an aquarium. This guide explains the science behind processes involved in setting up and maintaining an aquarium. It also educates the reader on how to properly prioritize the safety of the fish. A full text was first created including all relevant information gathered from scholarly texts and online sources. Original photographs were incorporated as a supplement to the text. Fish and aquatic plants were drawn to further illustrate the concepts that were described …

Delimiting Cryptic Morphological Variation Among Human Malaria Vector Species Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Janelle Couret, Danilo C. Moreira, Davin Bernier, Aria Mia Loberti, Ellen M. Dotson, Marco A. Alvarez

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Deep learning is a powerful approach for distinguishing classes of images, and there is a growing interest in applying these methods to delimit species, particularly in the identification of mosquito vectors. Visual identification of mosquito species is the foundation of mosquito-borne disease surveillance and management, but can be hindered by cryptic morphological variation in mosquito vector species complexes such as the malaria-transmitting Anopheles gambiaecomplex. We sought to apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to images of mosquitoes as a proof-of-concept to determine the feasibility of automatic classification of mosquito sex, genus, species, and strains using whole-body, 2D images of mosquitoes. We …

Bioinformatics Of Corals: Investigating Heterogeneous Omics Data From Coral Holobionts For Insight Into Reef Health And Resillience, Lenore J. Cowen, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Hollie M. Putnam

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Coral reefs are home to over 2 million species and provide habitat for roughly 25% of all marine animals, but they are being severely threatened by pollution and climate change. A large amount of genomic, transcriptomic and other -omics data from different species of reef building corals, the uni-cellular dinoagellates, plus the coral microbiome (where corals have possibly the most complex microbiome yet discovered, consisting of over 20,000 different species), is becoming increasingly available for corals. This new data present an opportunity for bioinformatics researchers and computational biologists to contribute to a timely, compelling, and urgent investigation of critical factors …

Challenges Of Measuring Abyssal Temperature And Salinity At The Kuroshio Extension Observatory, Nathan D. Anderson, Kathleen A. Donohue, Makio C. Honda, Meghan F. Cronin, Dongxiao Zhang

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The deep ocean is severely undersampled. Whereas shipboard measurements provide irregular spatial and temporal records, moored records establish deep ocean high-resolution time series, but only at limited locations. Here, highlights and challenges of measuring abyssal temperature and salinity on the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) mooring (32.3°N, 144.6°E) from 2013 to 2019 are described. Using alternating SeaBird 37-SMP instruments on annual deployments, an apparent fresh drift of 0.03–0.06 psu was observed, with each newly deployed sensor returning to historical norms near 34.685 psu. Recurrent salinity discontinuities were pronounced between the termination of each deployment and the initiation of the next, yet …

Speciation‐By‐Depth On Coral Reefs: Sympatric Divergence With Gene Flow Or Cryptic Transient Isolation?, Carlos Prada, Michael E. Hellberg

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The distributions of many sister species in the sea overlap geographically but are partitioned along depth gradients. The genetic changes leading to depth segregation may evolve in geographic isolation as a prerequisite to coexistence or may emerge during primary divergence leading to new species. These alternatives can now be distinguished via the power endowed by the thousands of scorable loci provided by second‐generation sequence data. Here, we revisit the case of two depth‐segregated, genetically isolated ecotypes of the nominal Caribbean candelabrum coral Eunicea flexuosa. Previous analyses based on a handful of markers could not distinguish between models of genetic …

Editorial: Deep Carbon Science, Dawn Cardace, Dan J. Bower, Isabelle Daniel, Artur Ionescu, Sami Mikhail, Mattia Pistone, Sabin Zahirovic

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Our understanding of the slow, deep carbon cycle, key to Earth’s habitability is examined here. Because the carbon cycle links Earth’s reservoirs on nano- to mega-scales, we must integrate geological, physical, chemical, biological, and mathematical methods to understand objects and processes so small and yet so vast. Here, we profile current research in the physical chemistry of carbon in natural and model systems, processes ongoing in the deepest portions of planets, and observations of carbon utilization by the deep biosphere. The relationships between the carbon cycle and planetary habitability are undeniable, forming a conceptual anchor to all work in deep …

Apoe-Modified Liposomes Mediate The Antitumour Effect Of Survivin Promoter-Driven Hsvtk In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiuli Mu, Xi Wang, Yan Wei, Chaochao Wen, Qi Zhang, Chunyang Xu, Chang Liu, Chan Zhang, Fanxiu Meng, Na Zhao, Tao Gong, Rui Guo, Gongqin Sun, Gaopeng Li, Hongwei Zhang, Qin Qin, Jun Xu, Xiushan Dong, Lumei Wang, Baofeng Yu

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumour with high global morbidity and mortality associated with its multiple aetiologies, poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and high rate of recurrence. Here, we evaluated a gene therapy strategy that targets HCC using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSVtk/GCV) suicide gene system in HCC cell lines and in an in vivo human HCC xenograft mouse model. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-modified liposomes were used for targeted gene delivery to the tumour tissue, and the survivin promoter was used to drive HSVtk expression in HCC cells. Our results showed that the survivin promoter was …

Are Fluoropolymers Really Of Low Concern For Human And Environmental Health And Separate From Other Pfas?, Rainer Lohmann, Ian T. Cousins, Jamie C. Dewitt, Juliane Gluge, Gretta Goldenman, Dorte Herzke, Andrew B. Lindstrom, Mark F. Miller, Carla A. Ng, Sharyle Patton, Martin Scheringer, Xenia Trier, Zhanyun Wang

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Fluoropolymers are a group of polymers within the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the evidence regarding the environmental and human health impacts of fluoropolymers throughout their life cycle(s). Production of some fluoropolymers is intimately linked to the use and emissions of legacy and novel PFAS as polymer processing aids. There are serious concerns regarding the toxicity and adverse effects of fluorinated processing aids on humans and the environment. A variety of other PFAS, including monomers and oligomers, are emitted during the production, processing, use, and end-of-life treatment of fluoropolymers. There …

11. Electric Potential Of Conductors, Electric Dipole, And Point-Charge Configurations, Gerhard Müller, Robert Coyne

PHY 204: Elementary Physics II -- Lecture Notes

Annotated lecture slides of lecture 11 for Elementary Physics II (PHY 204), taught by Gerhard Müller and Robert Coyne at the University of Rhode Island.

Some of the slides contain figures from the textbook, Paul A. Tipler and Gene Mosca. Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 5th/6th editions. The copyright to these figures is owned by W.H. Freeman. We acknowledge permission from W.H. Freeman to use them on this course web page.

‘Coronated’ Consumption In The Viral Market, Soonkwan Hong

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

The universal exposure to the virus has disrupted institutions, redefined values, and reshaped systems, including the market. Idling, uncertainty, and liquidity encapsulate the ever-precarious individual lives and the reflexive socio-politico-cultural changes. These conditions and consequences nonetheless create paradoxical opportunities in the viral market. The new meaning of connectivity that promotes high-viscosity relationships and high-visibility identities will transform the market to better acknowledge and support humans and the new sociality.

Rethink Everything 1: Markets, Globalization, Development, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Deniz Atik

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Sensory Ecology Bio 522, Michael Cerbo

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

First Insights Into The Vertical Habitat Use Of The Whitespotted Eagle Ray Aetobatus Narinari Revealed By Pop‐Up Satellite Archival Tags, Lauran R. Brewster, Brianna V. Cahill, Miranda N. Burton, Cassady Dougan, Jeffrey S. Herr, Laura I. Norton, Samantha A. Mcguire, Marisa Pico, Elizabeth Urban-Gedamke, Kim Bassos-Hull, John P. Tyminski, Robert E. Hueter, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Mahmood Shivji, Neil Burnie, Matthew J. Ajemian

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari is a tropical to warm‐temperate benthopelagic batoid that ranges widely throughout the western Atlantic Ocean. Despite conservation concerns for the species, its vertical habitat use and diving behaviour remain unknown. Patterns and drivers in the depth distribution of A. narinari were investigated at two separate locations, the western North Atlantic (Islands of Bermuda) and the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A.). Between 2010 and 2014, seven pop‐up satellite archival tags were attached to A. narinari using three methods: a through‐tail suture, an external tail‐band and through‐wing attachment. Retention time ranged from 0 to …

Introduction To Biomedical Research Cmb 240, Michael Cerbo

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Biomedical Research (Temporary) Cmb 240x, Michael Cerbo

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Infestation On The Jasmonic Acid-Elicited Defenses Of Tsuga Canadensis (Pinales: Pinaceae), Chad M. Rigsby, Ian G. Kinahan, Amelia May, Amy Kostka, Nick Houseman, Suzanne K. Savage, Elizabeth R. Whitney, Evan L. Preisser

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Hemlock woolly adelgid is an invasive piercing-sucking insect in eastern North America, which upon infestation of its main host, eastern hemlock (‘hemlock’), improves attraction and performance of folivorous insects on hemlock. This increased performance may be mediated by hemlock woolly adelgid feeding causing antagonism between the the jasmonic acid and other hormone pathways. In a common garden experiments using hemlock woolly adelgid infestation and induction with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and measures of secondary metabolite contents and defense-associated enzyme activities, we explored the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid feeding on the local and systemic induction of jasmonic acid (JA)-elicited defenses. We …

Legacy And Novel Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances In Juvenile Seabirds From The U.S. Atlantic Coast, Anna R. Robuck, Mark G. Cantwell, James P. Mccord, Lindsay M. Addison, Marisa Pfohl, Mark J. Strynar, Richard Mckinney, David R. Katz, David N. Wiley, Rainer Lohmann

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic, globally distributed chemicals. Legacy PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been regularly detected in marine fauna but little is known about their current levels or the presence of novel PFAS in seabirds. We measured 36 emerging and legacy PFAS in livers from 31 juvenile seabirds from Massachusetts Bay, Narragansett Bay, and the Cape Fear River Estuary (CFRE), United States. PFOS was the major legacy perfluoroalkyl acid present, making up 58% of concentrations observed across all habitats (range: 11–280 ng/g). Novel PFAS were confirmed in chicks hatched downstream of a fluoropolymer production site in …

Introduction: Oceans, Amelia Moore, Jerry K. Jacka

Marine Affairs Faculty Publications

In this introduction, we introduce the new editors of the journal and the new members of the editorial board. We then summarize the articles, highlighting the intellectual contributions they make to an environmental and social analysis of the world's oceans, ocean scientists, and marine species.

The World Coral Conservatory (Wcc): A Noah's Ark For Corals To Support Survival Of Reef Ecosystems, Didier Zoccola, Nadia Ounais, Dominique Barthelemy, Robert Calcagno, Françoise Gaill, Stephane Henard, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Max Janse, Jean Jaubert, Hollie M. Putnam, Bernard Salvat, Christian R. Voolstra, Denis Allemand

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Global change causes widespread decline of coral reefs. In order to counter the anticipated disappearance of coral reefs by the end of this century, many initiatives are emerging, including creation of marine protected areas (MPAs), reef restoration projects, and assisted evolution initiatives. Such efforts, although critically important, are locally constrained. We propose to build a “Noah's Ark” biological repository for corals that taps into the network of the world’s public aquaria and coral reef scientists. Public aquaria will serve not only as a reservoir for the purpose of conservation, restoration, and research of reef-building corals but also as a laboratory …

Teaching Across Disciplines: A Case Study Of A Project-Based Short Course To Teach Holistic Coastal Adaptation Design, Pamela K. Judge, Jane A. Buxton, Thomas C. Sheahan, Eleanor R. Phetteplace, David L. Kriebel, Elisabeth M. Hamin Infield

Landscape Architecture Faculty Publications

Climate change has led to the need for innovation in resilient infrastructure and the social policies which will support those. This requires greater interdisciplinary interactions and knowledge building among emerging professionals. This paper presents a case study of a pilot short course intended to immerse graduate students in the design of resilient infrastructure using place-based and interdisciplinary active team learning. This course helps graduate students bridge the gap between research and practice on the social science and engineering of resilient infrastructure for coastal adaptation. The intellectual framework for the course (the Adaptive Gradients Framework) provides a holistic evaluation of adaptation …

Correction To: The Genome Sequence Of The Grape Phylloxera Provides Insights Into The Evolution, Adaptation, And Invasion Routes Of An Iconic Pest, Claude Rispe, Fabrice Legeai, Paul D. Nabity, Rosa Fernández, Arinder K. Arora, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Celeste R. Banfill, Leticia Bao, Miquel Barberà, Maryem Bouallègue, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jennifer A. Brisson, Federica Calevro, Pierre Capy, Olivier Catrice, Thomas Chertemps, Carole Couture, Laurent Delière, Angela E. Douglas, Keith Dufault-Thompson, Paula Escuer, Honglin Feng, Astrid Forneck, Toni Gabaldón, Roderic Guigó, Frédérique Hilliou, Silvia Hinojosa-Alvarez, Yi-Min Hsiao, Sylvie Hudaverdian, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Edward B. James, Spencer Johnston, Benjamin Joubard, Gaëlle Le Goff, Gaël Le Trionnaire, Pablo Librado, Shanlin Liu, Eric Lombaert, Hsiao-Ling Lu, Martine Maïbèche, Mohamed Makni, Marina Marcet-Houben, David Martínez-Torres, Camille Meslin, Nicolas Montagné, Nancy A. Moran, Daciana Papura, Nicolas Parisot, Yvan Rahbé, Mélanie Ribeiro Lopes, Aida Ripoll-Cladellas, Stéphanie Robin, Céline Roques, Pascale Roux, Julio Rozas, Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia, Jose F. Sánchez-Herrero, Didac Santesmasses, Iris Scatoni, Rémy-Félix Serre, Ming Tang, Wenhua Tian, Paul A. Umina, Manuella Van Munster, Carole Vincent-Monégat, Joshua Wemmer, Alex C. C. Wilson, Ying Zhang, Chaoyang Zhao, Jing Zhao, Serena Zhao, Xin Zhou, François Delmotte, Denis Tagu

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in Fig. 4. The error was made in the x-axis labels of the three panels, which were noted as “pairwise dN/dS”. The figure represents distributions of dS, so the labels were corrected as “pairwise dS”.

The Influence Of Boat Moorings On Anchoring And Potential Anchor Damage To Coral Reefs, Graham E. Forrester

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Recreational boating is increasingly popular and provides social and economic benefits, but can also have ecological impacts, including damage from anchoring on sensitive seabed habitats like coral reefs. Mooring buoys are commonly used to manage anchoring activity, and I tested whether they moderated anchoring on coral reefs in the British Virgin Islands. A spatial survey revealed that overall boat use (moored plus anchored) was 3.6 times higher at sites with moorings than those without. The density of boats anchored on coral reef was, however, reduced by roughly half at sites with moorings. A survey of two sites before and after …

Acquisitions Unit Annual Report 2019-2020, Andrée J. Rathemacher

Technical Services Reports and Statistics

Annual Report of the Acquisitions Unit, University Libraries, University of Rhode Island for FY2020. Covers personnel, work flow, special projects, and serial, monograph, and e-resource acquisitions. Supplemental files include data on library materials expenditures by a number of variables as well as important working documents from the year.

T Lymphocyte Responses To Flaviviruses — Diverse Cell Populations Affect Tendency Toward Protection And Disease, Luis Alberto Sanchez Vargas, Anuja Mathew, Alan L. Rothman

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus are medically important flaviviruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and circulate in overlapping geographic areas. Cross-reactive immune responses have been demonstrated among the flaviviruses, particularly the four DENV serotypes. The immunological imprint left by a flavivirus infection can therefore have profound effects on the responses to subsequent infections. In this review we summarize recent research focusing on T cell responses to DENV using clinical samples from prospective cohort studies in Asia. These data suggest that durability of different T cell populations after …

Assessment Of Holographic Microscopy For Quantifying Marine Particle Size And Concentration, Noah L. Walcutt, Benjamin Knorlein, Ivona Cetinic, Zrinka Ljubesic, Suncica Bosak, Tom Sgouros, Amanda L. Montalbano, Aimee Neeley, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Melissa M. Omand

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Holographic microscopy has emerged as a tool for in situ imaging of microscopic organisms and other particles in the marine environment: appealing because of the relatively larger sampling volume and simpler optical configuration compared to other imaging systems. However, its quantitative capabilities have so far remained uncertain, in part because hologram reconstruction and image recognition have required manual operation. Here, we assess the quantitative skill of our automated hologram processing pipeline (CCV Pipeline), to evaluate the size and concentration measurements of environmental and cultured assemblages of marine plankton particles, and microspheres. Over 1 million particles, ranging from 10 to 200 …

A Combinatorial Strategy For Overcoming Primary And Acquired Resistance Of Mek Inhibition In Colorectal Cancer, Junjun Chen, Jie Dai, Zhiming Kang, Ting Yang, Qi Zhao, Jinxiu Zheng, Xinxin Zhang, Jisheng Zhang, Jun Xu, Gongqin Sun, Lijun Yang, Tao Yang

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Compared with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted therapeutic medicine has the advantages of high efficacy and less toxic side effects. However, in clinical practice for treatment of colorectal cancer, the primary and acquired resistance of these medicines limits their effectiveness in targeted therapy, therefore impedes the development of precision medicine and personalized therapy. Currently, there are limited number of drugs for targeted therapy of colorectal cancer, mainly monoclonal antibodies against EGFR or VEGFR inhibitors. Trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, has been applied in melanoma patient successfully, but not been used in clinical treatment of colorectal cancer because of its drug resistance. To …

High N2 Fixation In And Near The Gulf Stream Consistent With A Circulation Control On Diazotrophy, Jaime B. Palter, Elana J. Ames, Mar Benavides, Afonso Goncalves Neto, Julie Granger, Pia H. Moisander, Katie S. Watkins-Brandt, Angelicque E. White

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The stoichiometry of physical nutrient supply may provide a constraint on the spatial distribution and rate of marine nitrogen (N2) fixation. Yet agreement between the N2 fixation rates inferred from nutrient supply and those directly measured has been lacking. The relative transport of phosphate and nitrate across the Gulf Stream suggests that 3–6 Tg N year−1 must be fixed to maintain steady nutrient stoichiometry in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Here we show direct measurements of N2 fixation consistent with these estimates, suggesting elevated N2 fixation in and near the Gulf Stream. At some locations across the Gulf Stream, we …

Fundamentals Of Biology Bio 110, Michael Cerbo

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.