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Accumulation, Persistence, And Elimination Of Microbial Indicators By Molluscan Shellfish, William Burkhardt Iii Jan 1991

Accumulation, Persistence, And Elimination Of Microbial Indicators By Molluscan Shellfish, William Burkhardt Iii

Open Access Dissertations

The accumulation of fecal coliforms and several other indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and male-specific bacteriophage) by hard-shelled clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) was investigated with regard to season and temperature. Very high rates of accumulation were found for each of these indicator organisms during distinct periods in the spring. Uptake of indicators during these periods exceeded 2 SD of the mean annual accumulation rates. Except for these periods of 'hyper-accumulation', uptake of the indicators is at least partially temperature dependent. In general, bacteriophage and C. perfringens were accumulated by clams at significantly higher rates …

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Curricular Report No. 1989-90-9 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate May 1990

Curricular Report No. 1989-90-9 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Bills

No abstract provided.

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Construction Of Stable Cloning Vectors That Do Not Segregate From A Human Fecal Escherichia Coli Strain In The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine, Robert L. Burghoff, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1990

Construction Of Stable Cloning Vectors That Do Not Segregate From A Human Fecal Escherichia Coli Strain In The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine, Robert L. Burghoff, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Escherichia coli F-18 Col- was previously shown to be a poor colonizer of the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine, relative to its parent, E. coli F-18. Prior to attempting to clone genes responsible for the colonization phenotype of E. coli F-18 into E. coli F-18 Col-, a suitable cloning vector had to be found. In this investigation, we report that the commonly used cloning vectors pBR322, pHC79, and pBR329 all segregate from E. coli F-18 Col- both when grown in L broth under conditions of nonselection (i.e., in vitro) and when fed to streptomycin-treated mice (i.e., in …

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Pharmacokinetics And Bioavailability Of Intravenous-To-Oral Enoxacin In Elderly Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, C. Randall Marchbanks, J. Mikolich, Kenneth H. Mayer, Stephen H. Zinner, Michael N. Dudley Jan 1990

Pharmacokinetics And Bioavailability Of Intravenous-To-Oral Enoxacin In Elderly Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, C. Randall Marchbanks, J. Mikolich, Kenneth H. Mayer, Stephen H. Zinner, Michael N. Dudley

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The pharmacokinetics of oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics in normal volunteers have been studied extensively; however, limited patient data exist. Enoxacin steady-state pharmacokinetics and bioavailability were determined following repeated 400-mg intravenous (i.v.) and oral dosing by using compartmental and noncompartmental methods in 10 elderly (mean age, 73.8 years) men with complicated urinary tract infections. Average peak enoxacin concentrations following i.v. and oral dosing were 8.15 and 5.45 mg/liter, respectively. Mean values for major pharmacokinetic parameters (noncompartmental) were similar following i.v. and oral administration, respectively: area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h, 47.6 and 41.0 mg.h/liter; volume of distribution or …

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Neither Motility Nor Chemotaxis Plays A Role In The Ability Of Escherichia Coli F-18 To Colonize The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine, Beth A. Mccormick, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1990

Neither Motility Nor Chemotaxis Plays A Role In The Ability Of Escherichia Coli F-18 To Colonize The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine, Beth A. Mccormick, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Escherichia coli F-18, isolated from the feces of a healthy human in 1977, is an excellent colonizer of the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine and displays normal motility and chemotaxis ability. A chemotaxis-defective derivative of E. coli F-18, E, coli F-18 CheA-, and a nonflagellated derivative, E. coli F-18 Fla-, were constructed. These strains were found to colonize the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine as well as E. coli F-18 when mice were fed both E. coli F-18 and either the CheA- or Fla- derivative at high levels (1010 CFU of each strain per mouse) …

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Preventive Psychosocial Intervention With Parents Of Very Low Birthweight Infants, Elaine C. Meyer Jan 1990

Preventive Psychosocial Intervention With Parents Of Very Low Birthweight Infants, Elaine C. Meyer

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Type 1 Pili Are Not Necessary For Colonization Of The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine By Type 1-Piliated Escherichia Coli F-18 And E. Coli K-12, Beth A. Mccormick, David P. Franklin, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1989

Type 1 Pili Are Not Necessary For Colonization Of The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine By Type 1-Piliated Escherichia Coli F-18 And E. Coli K-12, Beth A. Mccormick, David P. Franklin, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Escherichia coli F-18, an excellent colonizer of the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine, produces type 1 pili. E. coli F-18 FimA-, type 1 pilus negative, and E. coli F-18 FimH-, type 1 pilus positive but adhesin negative, were constructed by bacteriophage P1 transduction of defective fimA and fimH genes from the E. coli K-12 strains ORN151 and ORN133, respectively, into E. coli F-18. Adhesion of E. coli F-18 to an immobilized mannose-bovine serum albumin glycoconjugate was about sixfold greater than that of either E. coli F-18 FimA- or E. coli F-18 FimH-, and adhesion …

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The Blood And Hematopoietic Cells In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) And Their Relation To Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Disease, Tien-Lai Hsu Jan 1989

The Blood And Hematopoietic Cells In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) And Their Relation To Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Disease, Tien-Lai Hsu

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Chemical Synthesis And Purification Of Biologically Active Phosphonolipids: Pulmonary Surfactant Analogs, Winnie Hui Chiun Lin Jan 1989

Chemical Synthesis And Purification Of Biologically Active Phosphonolipids: Pulmonary Surfactant Analogs, Winnie Hui Chiun Lin

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Curricular Report No. 1987-88-7 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate Apr 1988

Curricular Report No. 1987-88-7 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Bills

No abstract provided.

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Roles Of Motility, Chemotaxis, And Penetration Through And Growth In Intestinal Mucus In The Ability Of An Avirulent Strain Of Salmonella Typhimurium To Colonize The Large Intestine Of Streptomycin-Treated Mice, Beth A. Mccormick, Bruce A. D. Stocker, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1988

Roles Of Motility, Chemotaxis, And Penetration Through And Growth In Intestinal Mucus In The Ability Of An Avirulent Strain Of Salmonella Typhimurium To Colonize The Large Intestine Of Streptomycin-Treated Mice, Beth A. Mccormick, Bruce A. D. Stocker, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Previously, it had been shown that an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium, SL5316, with wild-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was a far better colonizer of the streptomycin-treated CD-1 mouse large intestine, was far more motile, did not bind to mouse intestinal mucus nearly as well as, but penetrated through a layer of intestinal mucus in vitro far better than an almost isogenic LPS-deficient transductant, SL5325. In the present investigation, a nonflagellated transductant, SL5681, and a nonchemotactic transductant, SL5784, were isolated from SL5316 and tested for relative colonizing ability versus SL5316 (smooth) and SL5325 (rough) in streptomycin-treated mice. In addition, the Salmonella …

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Colonization Of The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine By A Human Fecal Escherichia Coli Strain: Role Of Adhesion To Mucosal Receptors, Elizabeth A. Wadolkowski, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1988

Colonization Of The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Large Intestine By A Human Fecal Escherichia Coli Strain: Role Of Adhesion To Mucosal Receptors, Elizabeth A. Wadolkowski, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Escherichia coli F-18, a normal fecal isolate, was previously shown to be an excellent colonizer of the streptomycin-treated CD-1 mouse large intestine, whereas E. coli F-18col-, a derivative of E. coli F-18 that no longer makes the E. coli F-18 colicin, was shown to be a poor mouse colonizer. It was also shown that E. coli F-18 bound two to three times more soluble colonic mucus protein than did E. coli F-18col- and that a major receptor in CD-1 mouse colonic mucus was a 50.5-kilodalton glycoprotein. In the present investigation, an additional E. coli F-18 colonic mucus …

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Effect Of Protein Binding On Drug Penetration Into Blister Fluid, Wen Chyi Shyu, Quintiliani, Charles H. Nightingale, Michael N. Dudley Jan 1988

Effect Of Protein Binding On Drug Penetration Into Blister Fluid, Wen Chyi Shyu, Quintiliani, Charles H. Nightingale, Michael N. Dudley

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The effect of protein binding on drug penetration into blister fluid was evaluated by using cefonicid, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime. Drug concentrations in a chamber with a high surface area/volume ratio (i.e., paper disk) follow changes in serum more closely than do those in a chamber with a low surface area/volume ratio. Both the area under the concentration-time curve ratio and the concentration ratio (by the disk method) for cefonicid were statistically lower than the ratios for ceftizoxime and cefotaxime. The high degree of protein binding of cefonicid results in the availability of less drug for diffusion to blister fluid than …

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Specific, High Affinity Colchicine Binding Monoclonal Antibodies: Development, Characterization And Application, S. Kathryn Edmond Rouan Jan 1988

Specific, High Affinity Colchicine Binding Monoclonal Antibodies: Development, Characterization And Application, S. Kathryn Edmond Rouan

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Curricular Report No. 1986-87-6 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate Mar 1987

Curricular Report No. 1986-87-6 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Bills

No abstract provided.

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In Vivo Colonization Of The Mouse Large Intestine And In Vitro Penetration Of Intestinal Mucus By An Avirulent Smooth Strain Of Salmonella Typhimurium And Its Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant, Joseph J. Nevola, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1987

In Vivo Colonization Of The Mouse Large Intestine And In Vitro Penetration Of Intestinal Mucus By An Avirulent Smooth Strain Of Salmonella Typhimurium And Its Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant, Joseph J. Nevola, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

The relative abilities of an avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain with wild-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) character, SL5319, and a nearly isogenic LPS-deficient mutant, SL5325, to colonize the large intestines of streptomycin-treated CD-1 mice in vivo and to penetrate colonic mucus in vitro were studied. Previously it had been shown that, when fed simultaneously to streptomycin-treated mice (approximately 1010 CFU each), the S. typhimurium strain with wild-type LPS colonized at 108 CFU/g of feces indefinitely, whereas the LPS-deficient mutant dropped within 3 days to a level of only 104 CFU/g of feces. In the present investigation, when SL5325 was allowed …

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Effect Of Dose On Serum Pharmacokinetics Of Intravenous Ciprofloxacin With Identification And Characterization Of Extravascular Compartments Using Noncompartmental And Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Models, Michael N. Dudley, Ericson, Stephen H. Zinner Jan 1987

Effect Of Dose On Serum Pharmacokinetics Of Intravenous Ciprofloxacin With Identification And Characterization Of Extravascular Compartments Using Noncompartmental And Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Models, Michael N. Dudley, Ericson, Stephen H. Zinner

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The effect of dose on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum and urine following single intravenous doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg was studied in nine healthy volunteers. Mean peak levels in serum were 1.4, 2.0, and 3.2 mg/liter for the 100-, 150-, and 200-mg doses, respectively. The data on concentrations in serum were best described by a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The terminal half-life (from noncompartmental analysis) averaged between 4.2 and 4.6 h. Average urinary recovery ranged between 45.8 and 48.1%. The average renal clearance of ciprofloxacin was 2.9- to 3.4-fold greater than the measured creatinine clearance. Total serum …

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Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Chemotaxis Modulated By Bacteroides Fragilis Peptidoglycan, Jay F. Sperry, Jeanne M. Burns Jan 1987

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Chemotaxis Modulated By Bacteroides Fragilis Peptidoglycan, Jay F. Sperry, Jeanne M. Burns

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Peptidoglycan was isolated from Bacteroides fragilis with boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate, and some was treated with pronase to eliminate contaminating protein. This peptidoglycan was chemotactic for rabbit polymorphonuclear neutrophils and had even greater chemotactic activity along with some chemokinetic activity after it was partially hydrolyzed with lysozyme. Significant chemotaxis-inhibitory activity was observed for an acid-precipitable component of the lysozyme-treated crude peptidoglycan of B. fragilis.

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Curricula Report No. 1985-86-3 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate Jan 1986

Curricula Report No. 1985-86-3 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Bills

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Saturable Serum Protein Binding On The Pharmacokinetics Of Unbound Cefonicid In Humans, Michael N. Dudley, C. Shyu, C. H. Nightingale, R. Quintiliani Jan 1986

Effect Of Saturable Serum Protein Binding On The Pharmacokinetics Of Unbound Cefonicid In Humans, Michael N. Dudley, C. Shyu, C. H. Nightingale, R. Quintiliani

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Previous studies have demonstrated high, concentration-dependent serum protein binding of cefonicid. To determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic significance of these observations, the pharmacokinetics of both total and unbound (non-protein-bound) cefonicid was studied in six volunteers after a single intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg. Saturable serum protein binding was observed in vivo; the mean +/- standard deviation free fraction of cefonicid was 17.6 +/- 6.1% immediately after administration and declined to a constant value of approximately 2% as total serum concentrations fell below 100 micrograms/ml. This nonlinear binding was associated with a pronounced decline in unbound serum cefonicid concentrations during the …

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Influence Of Medium And Method On The In Vitro Susceptibility Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Other Bacteria To Ciprofloxacin And Enoxacin, Jürg Blaser, N. Dudley, Deborah Gilbert, Stephen H. Zinner Jan 1986

Influence Of Medium And Method On The In Vitro Susceptibility Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Other Bacteria To Ciprofloxacin And Enoxacin, Jürg Blaser, N. Dudley, Deborah Gilbert, Stephen H. Zinner

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were two- to fourfold less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in calcium- and magnesium-supplemented broth compared with unsupplemented broth regardless of inoculum size, presence of serum, or use of inhibitory or bactericidal endpoints (P < 0.01). The effect of cation supplementation was less pronounced and less consistent for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Biological And Environmental Influences On The Cognitive Development Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Ruth H. Schennum Jan 1986

Biological And Environmental Influences On The Cognitive Development Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Ruth H. Schennum

Open Access Dissertations

The biological and environmental influences on sensorimotor/cognitive development were studied. Participants were 100 children with developmental disabilities between the ages of 2 and 28 months and their families. Scores from the Rochester Research Obstetric Scale (ROS), Pediatric Complications Scale (PdCS), and Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME) were used as independent variables in a multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was the Mental Development Index (MDI) from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Results indicate there is a significant, but moderate relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Very little overlap was found among the independent variables. …

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Colonization Of The Mouse Intestine By An Avirulent Salmonella Typhimurium Strain And Its Lipopolysaccharide-Defective Mutants, Joseph J. Nevola, Bruce A. D. Stocker, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen Jan 1985

Colonization Of The Mouse Intestine By An Avirulent Salmonella Typhimurium Strain And Its Lipopolysaccharide-Defective Mutants, Joseph J. Nevola, Bruce A. D. Stocker, David C. Laux, Paul S. Cohen

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

For study of the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) character in colonization of the mouse large intestine, use was made of S. typhimurium strain SL5316, which is streptomycin resistant and smooth (wild-type LPS) but nonvirulent because it is Aro- (aromatic dependent). Several rough variants of different LPS chemotype derived from strain SL5316 comprised: an rfb deletion transductant making type Ra (complete core) LPS; an rfaJ mutant making incomplete core of type Rb2; and an rfa-990 mutant making LPS core less complete than chemotype Rb2. We tested these strains for colon-colonizing ability by feeding them to male CD-1 mice receiving …

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Effects Of Artemia Diets Containing Four Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Compounds On Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) Larval Survival Growth, And Body Burden Changes, Deborah Westin Rogers Jan 1984

Effects Of Artemia Diets Containing Four Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Compounds On Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) Larval Survival Growth, And Body Burden Changes, Deborah Westin Rogers

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Sublethal Endrin Exposure On Cortisol Release And The Immune Response Of Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri Richardson, Richard Orrin Bennett Jan 1984

The Effect Of Sublethal Endrin Exposure On Cortisol Release And The Immune Response Of Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri Richardson, Richard Orrin Bennett

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Plasmid-Mediated Adhesion In Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Mary Margaret Baldini Jan 1984

Plasmid-Mediated Adhesion In Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Mary Margaret Baldini

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Relationship Between The Mouse Colonizing Ability Of A Human Fecal Escherichia Coli Strain And Its Ability To Bind A Specific Mouse Colonic Mucous Gel Protein, Paul S. Cohen, Richard Rossoll, Victor J. Cabelli, Shiao-Lien Yang, David C. Laux Jan 1983

Relationship Between The Mouse Colonizing Ability Of A Human Fecal Escherichia Coli Strain And Its Ability To Bind A Specific Mouse Colonic Mucous Gel Protein, Paul S. Cohen, Richard Rossoll, Victor J. Cabelli, Shiao-Lien Yang, David C. Laux

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Escherichia coli F-18, isolated from the feces of a healthy human, is an excellent colonizer of the large intestines of streptomycin-treated CD-1 mice. E. coli F-18 Col-, a poor mouse colonizer relative to F-18, lacks a 3 X 10(7)-dalton plasmid present in E. coli F-18. Both strains are human type A erythrocyte hemagglutination negative, have identical surface hydrophobicities, contain the same number of lipopolysaccharide molecules with the same O-side chain length, and have identical amounts of capsule. Differences between the two strains were observed. The relative amounts of specific outer membrane proteins differed, and E. coli F-18 was …

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The Monitoring Of Clostridium Perfringens Spore Density In Bottom Sediments And It's Applications, David J. Emerson Jan 1982

The Monitoring Of Clostridium Perfringens Spore Density In Bottom Sediments And It's Applications, David J. Emerson

Open Access Master's Theses

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that is consistently associated with human fecal wastes. Two extraction-separation procedures were developed for use in conjunction with the mCP membrane filtration method for the enumeration of C. perfringens spores in bottom sediments. In the simpler of the two procedures a distilled water suspension of the sediment sample is pulse sonicated for 10 seconds and allowed to settle. Portions of the supernatant are removed and assayed by the mCP membrane filtration method. This procedure is recommended for general usage. A more complicated procedure using a two-phase separation system was also developed for use …

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The Role Of The Intestinal Flora In The Pathogenesis Of Infant Botulism, Judith Stephenson Heelan Jan 1982

The Role Of The Intestinal Flora In The Pathogenesis Of Infant Botulism, Judith Stephenson Heelan

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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A Study Of The Effect Of Host Factors On The Behavior Of Pathogenic Mucorales, Julia Elizabeth Blazek Jan 1982

A Study Of The Effect Of Host Factors On The Behavior Of Pathogenic Mucorales, Julia Elizabeth Blazek

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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