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Articles 10561 - 10590 of 11814
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Germination Of Primed Seed Under Nacl Stress In Wheat., Mp Fuller, Jh Hamza, Hz Rihan, Issawi M Al
Germination Of Primed Seed Under Nacl Stress In Wheat., Mp Fuller, Jh Hamza, Hz Rihan, Issawi M Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Copyright © 2012 Michael P. Fuller et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Soil salinity affects a large and increasing amount of arable land worldwide, and genetic and agronomic solutions to increasing salt tolerance are urgently needed. Experiments were conducted to improve wheat seed performance under salinity stress conditions after priming. An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of four replications for germination indices in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caxton). Normal and …
In Vitro Assessment Of The Survivability Of Lactobacillus Casei Dn-114 001 And Lactobacillus Casei Shirota, Within Commercialised Food Matrices, In The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, Rosie Wills
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The aim of this study was to determine the survivability of probiotics; Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, within their respective commercialised food matrices YakultÃ’ and ActimelÃ’, during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal transit. Original and Light/Fat Free varieties of each brand were assessed to determine whether nutritional composition affected bacterial survival rate. Strains were exposed to 3 hours of simulated gastric transit at pH 2, using Hydrochloric Acid (32%) and Pepsin (3mg ml-1), followed by 2 hours of simulated duodenal transit, at pH 6.5, using Bile Salts (0.3% w/v) and Sodium Hydroxide (4M). Samples were serially diluted with …
Fluorescent Proteins And Chromoproteins In Phylum: Cnidaria, Mario Lewis
Fluorescent Proteins And Chromoproteins In Phylum: Cnidaria, Mario Lewis
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Green fluorescent protein was first discovered in Aequorea victoria. Its significance in a continually expanding range of scientific applications led to the discovery of an abundance of homologous fluorescent proteins and non-fluorescent chromoproteins in a variety of species in the phylum Cnidaria. The document reviews the various proposed hypotheses on the biological functions and biochemistry of fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins, wherein a full resolution remains elusive and is the subject of on-going debate. Mutagenesis has provided novel variants and insights into the relationship between the spectral characteristics and chromophore structures of fluorescent proteins that encompass the visible spectrum. Fluorescent proteins …
Effects Of Algal Toxicity On The Clearance Rate Of The Blue Mussel (Mytilus Edulis), Samantha Bowgen
Effects Of Algal Toxicity On The Clearance Rate Of The Blue Mussel (Mytilus Edulis), Samantha Bowgen
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of toxic strains of Karlodinium veneficum on the clearance rate of Mytilus edulis. Suspensions of the toxic strain and the non-toxic strain of K. veneficum, mixed with an alternative non-toxic species, Prorocentrum micans, were made and performed as parallel experiments in order to compare their effects on clearance rate. Clearance rate was measured by taking samples from suspensions every five minutes up to 30 minutes, and counting the algal cells found within each sample using a Sedgewick rafter slide. No significant difference was found between the two experiments (F (9.322, …
Investigation Of The Vasorelaxant Properties Of Nitroxyl During Altered Glycaemic Conditions, Kimberley Sams
Investigation Of The Vasorelaxant Properties Of Nitroxyl During Altered Glycaemic Conditions, Kimberley Sams
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Nitroxyl (HNO) is currently a vasorelaxant of high interest, but as yet its mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. It is thought that HNO acts on KV channels to mediate vasorelaxation, and this has been shown in previous studies (Irvine et al, 2003; Favarolo & Kemp-Harper, 2009; Yuill et al, 2011). It has also been shown that high levels of glucose inhibit KV channels (Rainbow et al, 2006) so would inhibit HNO mediated relaxation. This study could provide further evidence of KV involvement of HNO mediated vasodilation. This study uses a temperature controlled organ bath with aortic ring …
The Conservation Biology And Ecology Of The African Leopard Panthera Pardus Pardus, Ross Tyzack Pitman
The Conservation Biology And Ecology Of The African Leopard Panthera Pardus Pardus, Ross Tyzack Pitman
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The African leopard Panthera pardus pardus is an apex predator, and a reliable indicator of a healthy ecosystem. Currently assessed as ‗near threatened‘ by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, leopards are exposed to a range of threats that include: habitat loss and/or degradation, depletion of natural prey, conflict with people, consumptive- and non-consumptive practices, and the illegal trade of leopard products. Leopards have disappeared from 37% of their historical range, and are continuing to decline. Leopards have been extirpated across many areas of Africa, especially where people are densely populated, which has left patchily distributed leopard populations throughout …
Biologging Science: Advances In Our Knowledge Of Seabirds And Their Behaviours, David Evans
Biologging Science: Advances In Our Knowledge Of Seabirds And Their Behaviours, David Evans
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The use of miniature tags attached to free-living animals to record data is termed ‘biologging’. This procedure has been used to study seabirds since the 1970’s and our knowledge of their behaviour, physiology and migration has advanced through the decades, along with the potential for conservation of species. Technological advances in recent years have improved data resolution and storage, enabling a better understanding of seabirds and their environment
The Ecology Of Tardigrades, Emma Northcote-Smith
The Ecology Of Tardigrades, Emma Northcote-Smith
The Plymouth Student Scientist
No abstract provided for this article.
The Effects Of Logging And Fragmentation On Bird Diversity, Bethany Mccarthy
The Effects Of Logging And Fragmentation On Bird Diversity, Bethany Mccarthy
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Deforestation and forest degradation is occurring globally at an alarming rate. The annual net loss of forest cover has been reduced in the past decade through sustainable forest management and conservation measures. Despite this, the remaining forest is becoming increasingly degraded with the total area of primary forest declining. Avian diversity has been shown to decline in degraded and fragmented forests due to logging activities. In this review the impacts of logging on avian communities are assessed by comparing diversity between primary forest and degraded secondary forest, industrial plantations and forest fragment sizes. The major organisations and current initiatives that …
The Use Of Errorless Learning In The Rehabilitation Of Action Disorganisation Syndrome: A Case Study, Blaize Dymond
The Use Of Errorless Learning In The Rehabilitation Of Action Disorganisation Syndrome: A Case Study, Blaize Dymond
The Plymouth Student Scientist
This case study investigates the use of errorless learning in the rehabilitation of action disorganisation syndrome (ADS). Case DL suffered 2 traumatic brain injuries to the frontal lobes (2002 and 2010) and presents with a clear case of ADS. DL displays high levels of disorganisation when engaging in sequential tasks. Errorless learning was used in an attempt to rehabilitate abilities in two everyday routine sequential actions; making a cup of tea and making toast with butter and jam. Errorless learning involves the deliberate prevention of errors using both verbal and physical prompts. The intervention resulted in a significant decline in …
The Positive Effects Of Aquarium Visits On Children's Behaviour: A Behavioural Observation, Hazel Cocker
The Positive Effects Of Aquarium Visits On Children's Behaviour: A Behavioural Observation, Hazel Cocker
The Plymouth Student Scientist
To date research has found a positive effect of blue spaces on adults’ wellbeing. However, it remains to be seen whether these findings are also true for children. The present study aims to address this gap in the literature. The researchers observed children’s behaviour at the National Marine Aquarium across two weeks, including one where the Big Draw event was taking place. In line with restorative theories of natural environments (Kaplan, 1995, Ulrich, 1983), the current research found the exhibit had a calming effect on behaviour and increased levels of happiness across both weeks. During the Big Draw week children …
Comparing Risk-Taking And Digit Ratio (2d:4d) In Offenders And Non-Offenders, Taja Anderson
Comparing Risk-Taking And Digit Ratio (2d:4d) In Offenders And Non-Offenders, Taja Anderson
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Offenders differ from non-offenders in their propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviour. The ratio of the index and ring fingers (2D:4D), a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure, has been linked to risk-taking behaviour. The present study compared risk-taking in 45 male offenders and 66 non-offenders using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Furthermore, it sought to determine the relationship between their 2D:4D ratios and risk-taking behaviours. No significant differences were found between the two groups in their risk-taking behaviour and no significant correlations were found between 2D:4D and risk-taking in either group. These findings are discussed in relation to previous …
Prospect Theory Does Not Describe The Feedback-Related Negativity Value Function., Thomas D. Sambrook, Matthew Roser, Jeremy Goslin
Prospect Theory Does Not Describe The Feedback-Related Negativity Value Function., Thomas D. Sambrook, Matthew Roser, Jeremy Goslin
School of Psychology
Humans handle uncertainty poorly. Prospect theory accounts for this with a value function in which possible losses are overweighted compared to possible gains, and the marginal utility of rewards decreases with size. fMRI studies have explored the neural basis of this value function. A separate body of research claims that prediction errors are calculated by midbrain dopamine neurons. We investigated whether the prospect theoretic effects shown in behavioral and fMRI studies were present in midbrain prediction error coding by using the feedback-related negativity, an ERP component believed to reflect midbrain prediction errors. Participants' stated satisfaction with outcomes followed prospect theory …
Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota Selectively Modulates Macrophage Subset Cytokine Production, N Habil, J Beal, Ad Foey
Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota Selectively Modulates Macrophage Subset Cytokine Production, N Habil, J Beal, Ad Foey
School of Biomedical Sciences
Probiotics confer health benefits through many mechanisms including modulation of the gut immune system, dut macrophages regulate immune homeostasis, mounting tolerogenic responses to food and commensal bacteria or immune inflammatory responses to pathogens. Local environment and macrophage subset determine immune response and tolerance, associated with an M2-like phenotype and inflammatory activation with an Ml-like phenotype. Subset predominance will determine immunomodulatory effects of probiotic species such as Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS). The aim of this study was to investigate differential regulatory effects of LcS on Ml and M2 macrophage subsets. PMA or vitamin D3 differentiated THP-1 human monocytic cells were …
Non Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis Of Aneuploidy: Next Generation Sequencing Or Fetal Dna Enrichment?, N. D. Avent, A. Webb, T. E. Madgett, T. Miran, K. Sillence, N. Kaushik, M. Kiernan
Non Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis Of Aneuploidy: Next Generation Sequencing Or Fetal Dna Enrichment?, N. D. Avent, A. Webb, T. E. Madgett, T. Miran, K. Sillence, N. Kaushik, M. Kiernan
School of Biomedical Sciences
ABSTRACT Current invasive procedures [amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS)] pose a risk to mother and fetus and such diagnostic procedures are available only to high risk pregnancies limiting aneuploidy detection rate. This review seeks to highlight the necessity of investing in non invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) and how NIPD would improve patient safety and detection rate as well as allowing detection earlier in pregnancy. Non invasive prenatal diagnosis can take either a proteomics approach or nucleic acid-based approach; this review focuses on the latter. Since the discovery of cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) and fetal RNA in maternal plasma, …
Effect Of Nitrogen On Safflower Physiology And Productivity, Sj Mohamed, Aj Jellings, Mp Fuller
Effect Of Nitrogen On Safflower Physiology And Productivity, Sj Mohamed, Aj Jellings, Mp Fuller
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oil-crop suitable for semi-arid agriculture, but its physiological response to agronomic inputs has yet to be fully evaluated. The effect of fertiliser on the physiology and production of safflower grown in pots filled with standard grade perlite inside a semi-controlled glass house was studied. Plants were initially irrigated with 20-100 ml standard hydroponic solution and then one month after germination plants were irrigated using 50-200 ml complete Hoagland’s solution, supplemented with one of eight levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 kg N ha-1) in the form of ammonium nitrate. …
Zinc Modifies The Effect Of Phyto-Oestrogens On Osteoblast And Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro., S Karieb, Sw Fox
Zinc Modifies The Effect Of Phyto-Oestrogens On Osteoblast And Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro., S Karieb, Sw Fox
School of Biomedical Sciences
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity is disrupted in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Thus, to fully address this imbalance, therapies should reduce bone resorption and promote bone formation. Dietary factors such as phyto-oestrogens and Zn have beneficial effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity. However, the effect of combinations of these factors has not been widely studied. We therefore examined the effect of coumestrol, daidzein and genistein in the presence or absence of zinc sulphate (Zn) on osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were significantly reduced by coumestrol (10- 7 m), daidzein (10- 5 m) and genistein (10- 7 m); and this …
Variation In Patterns Of Metal Accumulation In Thallus Parts Of Lessonia Trabeculata (Laminariales; Phaeophyceae): Implications For Biomonitoring, Ca Sáez, Mg Lobos, Ec Macaya, Et Al
Variation In Patterns Of Metal Accumulation In Thallus Parts Of Lessonia Trabeculata (Laminariales; Phaeophyceae): Implications For Biomonitoring, Ca Sáez, Mg Lobos, Ec Macaya, Et Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Seaweeds are well known to concentrate metals from seawater and have been employed as monitors of metal pollution in coastal waters and estuaries. However, research showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence metal accumulation, raises doubts about the basis for using seaweeds in biomonitoring programmes. The thallus of brown seaweeds of the order Laminariales (kelps) is morphologically complex but there is limited information about the variation in metal accumulation between the different parts, which might result in erroneous conclusions being drawn if not accounted for in the biomonitoring protocol. To assess patterns of individual metals in the differentiated …
Escherichia Coli-Mediated Impairment Of Ureteric Contractility Is Uropathogenic E. Coli Specific., Rachel V. Floyd, Mathew Upton, Scott J. Hultgren, Susan Wray, Theodor V. Burdyga, Craig Winstanley
Escherichia Coli-Mediated Impairment Of Ureteric Contractility Is Uropathogenic E. Coli Specific., Rachel V. Floyd, Mathew Upton, Scott J. Hultgren, Susan Wray, Theodor V. Burdyga, Craig Winstanley
School of Biomedical Sciences
BACKGROUND: Ureters are fundamental for keeping kidneys free from uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), but we have shown that 2 strains (J96 and 536) can subvert this role and reduce ureteric contractility. To determine whether this is (1) a widespread feature of UPEC, (2) exhibited only by UPEC, and (3) dependent upon type 1 fimbriae, we analyzed strains representing epidemiologically important multilocus sequence types ST131, ST73, and ST95 and non-UPEC E. coli. METHODS: Contractility and calcium transients in intact rat ureters were compared between strains. Mannose and fim mutants were used to investigate the role of type 1 fimbriae. RESULTS: Non-UPEC …
Rips, Currents And Snags: Investigating The Delivery Of Educational Goals For Young Australians In The Region Of Gippsland, Victoria. , Tj Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
Monash University (Gippsland campus) is situated in Churchill, Latrobe Valley, located in central Gippsland, eastern Victoria. A large percentage of the Gippsland region comprises of a socio-economically disadvantaged population (Figure 1). In Semester One, 2011 as part of the Bachelor of Primary Education course at Monash, it was decided that a pathway be created to achieve these national ideals and goals through the implementation of swimming and water safety education in Primary schools. Swimming and water safety education represents the specific curriculum to be implemented in rural schools, it is representative of any aspect of the curriculum to be delivered. …
Enamel Defects In Carriers Of A Novel Lama3 Mutation Underlying Epidermolysis Bullosa, Wy Yuen, Am Pasmooij, C Stellingsma, Mf Jonkman
Enamel Defects In Carriers Of A Novel Lama3 Mutation Underlying Epidermolysis Bullosa, Wy Yuen, Am Pasmooij, C Stellingsma, Mf Jonkman
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Late Payment On Firms' Profitability: Empirical Evidence From Malaysia, S Paul, Ss Devi, Cg Teh
Impact Of Late Payment On Firms' Profitability: Empirical Evidence From Malaysia, S Paul, Ss Devi, Cg Teh
Plymouth Business School
No abstract provided.
Firstlight: Pluggable Optical Interconnect Technologies For Polymeric Electro-Optical Printed Circuit Boards In Data Centers, J Graham-Jones
Firstlight: Pluggable Optical Interconnect Technologies For Polymeric Electro-Optical Printed Circuit Boards In Data Centers, J Graham-Jones
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
The protocol data rate governing data storage devices will increase to over 12 Gb/s by 2013 thereby imposing unmanageable cost and performance burdens on future digital data storage systems. The resulting performance bottleneck can be substantially reduced by conveying high-speed data optically instead of electronically. A novel active pluggable 82.5 Gb/s aggregate bit rate optical connector technology, the design and fabrication of a compact electro-optical printed circuit board to meet exacting specifications, and a method for low cost, high precision, passive optical assembly are presented. A demonstration platform was constructed to assess the viability of embedded electro-optical midplane technology in …
Neutralizing Antibodies And Pathogenesis Of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Catherine Fauvelle, Daniel J. Felmlee, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Quentin Lepiller, Isabel Fofana, Laura Heydmann, Françoise Stoll-Keller, Thomas F. Baumert
Neutralizing Antibodies And Pathogenesis Of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Catherine Fauvelle, Daniel J. Felmlee, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Quentin Lepiller, Isabel Fofana, Laura Heydmann, Françoise Stoll-Keller, Thomas F. Baumert
Peninsula Medical School
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The interplay between the virus and host innate and adaptive immune responses determines the outcome of infection. There is increasing evidence that host neutralizing responses play a relevant role in the resulting pathogenesis. Furthermore, viral evasion from host neutralizing antibodies has been revealed to be an important contributor in leading both to viral persistence in acute liver graft infection following liver transplantation, and to chronic viral infection. The development of novel model systems to study HCV entry and neutralization has allowed a detailed understanding of the …
Human Optokinetic Nystagmus: A Stochastic Analysis., J Waddington, Cm Harris
Human Optokinetic Nystagmus: A Stochastic Analysis., J Waddington, Cm Harris
School of Psychology
Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a fundamental gaze-stabilizing response found in almost all vertebrates, in which eye movements attempt to compensate for the optic flow caused by self-motion. It is an alternating sequence of slow compensatory eye movements made in the direction of stimulus motion and fast eye movements made predominantly in the opposite direction. The timing and amplitude of these slow phases (SPs) and quick phases (QPs) are remarkably variable, and the cause of this variability is poorly understood. In this study principal components analysis was performed on OKN data to illustrate that the variability in correlation matrices across individuals …
Gene Expression Analysis In Human Breast Cancer Associated Blood Vessels, Dt Jones, T Lechertier, R Mitter, Jmj Herbert, Et Al
Gene Expression Analysis In Human Breast Cancer Associated Blood Vessels, Dt Jones, T Lechertier, R Mitter, Jmj Herbert, Et Al
School of Biomedical Sciences
Angiogenesis is essential for solid tumour growth, whilst the molecular profiles of tumour blood vessels have been reported to be different between cancer types. Although presently available anti-angiogenic strategies are providing some promise for the treatment of some cancers it is perhaps not surprisingly that, none of the anti-angiogenic agents available work on all tumours. Thus, the discovery of novel anti-angiogenic targets, relevant to individual cancer types, is required. Using Affymetrix microarray analysis of laser-captured, CD31-positive blood vessels we have identified 63 genes that are upregulated significantly (5-72 fold) in angiogenic blood vessels associated with human invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) …
Uv-B Affects Photosynthesis, Ros Production And Motility Of The Freshwater Flagellate, Euglena Agilis Carter, S Kottuparambil, W Shin, Mt Brown, T Han
Uv-B Affects Photosynthesis, Ros Production And Motility Of The Freshwater Flagellate, Euglena Agilis Carter, S Kottuparambil, W Shin, Mt Brown, T Han
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The effects of ultraviolet B (UV-B; 295-320 nm) radiation on certain vital physiological (photosynthesis), biochemical (production of reactive oxygen species - ROS) and behavioral (motility and orientation) characteristics were investigated in the unicellular photoautotroph, Euglena agilis Carter. The photosynthetic performance of E. agilis was recorded after exposure of between 15 and 60 min followed by a period of recovery lasting 6-24h under dim light (5-10 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)). The maximum quantum yield of PS II (F(v)/F(m)) was reduced to 65% and 14% of initial values immediately following 15 and 30 min UV-B exposure, but recovered to 100 and 86% …
A Variable Impact Neural Network Analysis Of Dividend Policies And Share Prices Of Transportation And Related Companies, Ahmed El-Masry, Hussein A. Abdou, John Pointon, Roger J. Lister, Moji Olugbode
A Variable Impact Neural Network Analysis Of Dividend Policies And Share Prices Of Transportation And Related Companies, Ahmed El-Masry, Hussein A. Abdou, John Pointon, Roger J. Lister, Moji Olugbode
Plymouth Business School
The purpose of this research is to investigate dividend policy, including its impact on share prices of transportation providers and related service companies, by comparing generalized regression neural networks with conventional regressions. Our results using regressions reveal that for Europe and for the US and Canada the market-to-book-value, as a surrogate for growth opportunities, fulfils expectations of pressures on dividends leading to a negative association with dividend yields in accordance with the pecking order theory. Neural network analysis indicates a clear role for growth opportunities for the US and Canada pointing to an underlying confidence on the part of transportation …
Dialogues Between Physical And Digital Modelling Methods On Architectural Design, Aa Veliz Reyes, T Kocaturk, B Medjdoub, R Balbo
Dialogues Between Physical And Digital Modelling Methods On Architectural Design, Aa Veliz Reyes, T Kocaturk, B Medjdoub, R Balbo
School of Art, Design and Architecture
As the current digitally-mediated architectural practice evolves, architectural models, regardless of their expressiveness or type, are a way to craft the interaction between the designer and the designed object. Models become artefacts that engage on a continuous interaction with the designer via different media, interpretation and knowledge retrieval schemes, organizational fl ows and tools. These interactions have recently been facilitated by the use of physical and digital production and analysis methods. In this report, we introduce a novel understanding of the relationships between physical and digital modelling techniques. We propose an updated framework that allocates these relationships into four categories: …
The Effect Of Tenofovir On Vitamin D Metabolism In Hiv-Infected Adults Is Dependent On Sex And Ethnicity, Karen Klassen, Adrian R. Martineau, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graham Cooke, Alan P. Courtney, Mary Hickson
The Effect Of Tenofovir On Vitamin D Metabolism In Hiv-Infected Adults Is Dependent On Sex And Ethnicity, Karen Klassen, Adrian R. Martineau, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graham Cooke, Alan P. Courtney, Mary Hickson
School of Health Professions
No abstract provided.