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A Systematic Review Of Educational Interventions To Change Behaviour Of Prescribers In Hospital Settings, With A Particular Emphasis On New Prescribers., Nicola Brennan, Karen Mattick Jan 2013

A Systematic Review Of Educational Interventions To Change Behaviour Of Prescribers In Hospital Settings, With A Particular Emphasis On New Prescribers., Nicola Brennan, Karen Mattick

Peninsula Medical School

AIMS: Prescribing is a complex task and a high risk area of clinical practice. Poor prescribing occurs across staff grades and settings but new prescribers are attributed much of the blame. New prescribers may not be confident or even competent to prescribe and probably have different support and development needs than their more experienced colleagues. Unfortunately, little is known about what interventions are effective in this group. Previous systematic reviews have not distinguished between different grades of staff, have been narrow in scope and are now out of date. Therefore, to inform the design of educational interventions to change prescribing …

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Interaction And Influence In Culturally-Mixed Groups., Dre Cotton, R George, M Joyner Jan 2013

Interaction And Influence In Culturally-Mixed Groups., Dre Cotton, R George, M Joyner

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

Graduates are increasingly expected to work in international contexts, therefore skills in intercultural interaction are crucial. Previous research suggests that overseas students anticipate positive intercultural interaction but are often disappointed, as some home students are unwilling to work in intercultural groups without explicit encouragement. In this study, we investigated interactions in three group work settings with home (UK) and international students in order to explore differing patterns of participation. The findings suggest that in culturally mixed groups, the UK students (particularly males) dominated discussions, with limited input from overseas students. In a group consisting solely of international students, the interactions …

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Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Is Protective Through Pparγ Dependent Mitochondrial Biogenesis In A Cell Culture Model Of Parkinson's Disease., Ml Zeissler, J Eastwood, Hanemann C Oliver, J Zajicek, C Carroll Jan 2013

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Is Protective Through Pparγ Dependent Mitochondrial Biogenesis In A Cell Culture Model Of Parkinson's Disease., Ml Zeissler, J Eastwood, Hanemann C Oliver, J Zajicek, C Carroll

Peninsula Medical School

Cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) are neuroprotective in animal and cell culture models of Parkinson's disease (PD). In a PD cell culture model we recently demonstrated that Δ9-THC is neuroprotective through activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Furthermore, activation by specific agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, has also been found neuroprotective. PPARγ is a nuclear receptor whose activation can lead to the expression of proteins involved in the de novo synthesis of mitochondria. One such protein is the PPARγ co-activator 1 α (PGC1α) as it co-activates NRF-1 mediated gene expression which is essential for the production of …

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Event-Driven Visual Attention For The Humanoid Robot Icub, F Rea, G Metta, C Bartolozzi Jan 2013

Event-Driven Visual Attention For The Humanoid Robot Icub, F Rea, G Metta, C Bartolozzi

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Fast reaction to sudden and potentially interesting stimuli is a crucial feature for safe and reliable interaction with the environment. Here we present a biologically inspired attention system developed for the humanoid robot iCub. It is based on input from unconventional event-driven vision sensors and an efficient computational method. The resulting system shows low-latency and fast determination of the location of the focus of attention. The performance is benchmarked against an instance of the state of the art in robotics artificial attention system used in robotics. Results show that the proposed system is two orders of magnitude faster that the …

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The Ecology, Distribution And Spawning Behaviour Of The Commercially Important Common Cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis) In The Inshore Waters Of The English Channel, Isobel Bloor Jan 2013

The Ecology, Distribution And Spawning Behaviour Of The Commercially Important Common Cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis) In The Inshore Waters Of The English Channel, Isobel Bloor

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Over the last 50 years there has been a rapid increase in global landings of cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish). In European waters, cuttlefish are among the most important commercial cephalopod resources and within the North-East Atlantic, the English Channel supports the largest cuttlefish fishery, with the common cuttlefish, Sepia o cinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), dominating landings. S. o cinalis has a short (2 year) life cycle in the English Channel that is punctuated by seasonal migrations inshore and o shore. Using a combination of di erent métiers including beam trawling, otter trawling and coastal trapping, this shared fisheries resource is …

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Domestic Source Of Phosphorus To Sewage Treatment Works, Sean Comber, Michael Gardner, Karyn Georges, David Blackwood, Daniel Gilmour Jan 2013

Domestic Source Of Phosphorus To Sewage Treatment Works, Sean Comber, Michael Gardner, Karyn Georges, David Blackwood, Daniel Gilmour

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Genetic Studies Of Neurodegenerative Disease., T Cooke, C Carroll, J Zajicek, S Ellard, K Morrison Jan 2013

Molecular Genetic Studies Of Neurodegenerative Disease., T Cooke, C Carroll, J Zajicek, S Ellard, K Morrison

Peninsula Medical School

Large scale genetic studies such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have revealed genetic susceptibility factors and continue to offer new insights both into the genetics of sporadic disease and its pathogenesis, with the potential for identification of an at-risk population and novel therapeutic targets. However, the methodology importantly requires larger data sets for replication of novel findings.

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Exercise Referral For Drug Users Aged 40 And Over: Results Of A Pilot Study In The Uk, Caryl M. Beynon, Amy Luxton, Rhiannon Whitaker, N. Tim Cable, Lucy Frith, Adrian H. Taylor, Lu Zou, Peter Angell, Scott Robinson, D Holland, S Holland, Mark Gabbay Jan 2013

Exercise Referral For Drug Users Aged 40 And Over: Results Of A Pilot Study In The Uk, Caryl M. Beynon, Amy Luxton, Rhiannon Whitaker, N. Tim Cable, Lucy Frith, Adrian H. Taylor, Lu Zou, Peter Angell, Scott Robinson, D Holland, S Holland, Mark Gabbay

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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International Multicenter Evaluation Of The Diversilab Bacterial Typing System For Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Spp., Guido M. Voets, Hall Ma Leverstein-Van, Susanne Kolbe-Busch, Der Zanden A Van, Deirdre Church, Martin Kaase, Andrea Grisold, Mathew Upton, Elaine Cloutman-Green, Rafael Cantón, Alexander W. Friedrich, Ad C. Fluit, Diversilab Study Group Jan 2013

International Multicenter Evaluation Of The Diversilab Bacterial Typing System For Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Spp., Guido M. Voets, Hall Ma Leverstein-Van, Susanne Kolbe-Busch, Der Zanden A Van, Deirdre Church, Martin Kaase, Andrea Grisold, Mathew Upton, Elaine Cloutman-Green, Rafael Cantón, Alexander W. Friedrich, Ad C. Fluit, Diversilab Study Group

School of Biomedical Sciences

Successful multidrug-resistant clones are increasing in prevalence globally, which makes the ability to identify these clones urgent. However, adequate, easy-to-perform, and reproducible typing methods are lacking. We investigated whether DiversiLab (DL), an automated repetitive-sequence-based PCR bacterial typing system (bioMérieux), is suitable for comparing isolates analyzed at different geographic centers. A total of 39 Escherichia coli and 39 Klebsiella species isolates previously typed by the coordinating center were analyzed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) confirmed the presence of one cluster of 6 isolates, three clusters of 3 isolates, and three clusters of 2 isolates for each set of isolates. DL analysis was …

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A Social Constructivist Approach To Introducing Skills For Employment To Foundation Degree Students, L. Rutt, C. Gray, R. Turner, J. Swain, S. Hulme, R. Pomeroy Jan 2013

A Social Constructivist Approach To Introducing Skills For Employment To Foundation Degree Students, L. Rutt, C. Gray, R. Turner, J. Swain, S. Hulme, R. Pomeroy

Plymouth Institute of Education

No abstract provided.

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Elasmobranch Longline Capture: Ecological Application, Physiological Impacts And Alternative Techniques, Edward James Brooks Jan 2013

Elasmobranch Longline Capture: Ecological Application, Physiological Impacts And Alternative Techniques, Edward James Brooks

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Longline fishing is the most common elasmobranch capture method in the world, both for commercial fishing, and to a lesser extent for scientific surveys. The capture of an animal on a longline initiates a series of physiological responses designed to promote survivorship in the short term, but if unchecked, can cause reduced individual fitness and/or mortality in the long term. Given widespread declines in shark populations, an improved understanding of the physiological costs of longline capture is needed. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the physiological response of sharks to capture and restraint, to assess novel, non-invasive alternatives …

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Using Meta-Ethnography To Understand The Emotional Impact Of Caring For People With Increasing Cognitive Impairment., Jane Grose, Julia Frost, Janet Richardson, Heather Skirton Jan 2013

Using Meta-Ethnography To Understand The Emotional Impact Of Caring For People With Increasing Cognitive Impairment., Jane Grose, Julia Frost, Janet Richardson, Heather Skirton

School of Nursing and Midwifery

The majority of people with degenerative neurological conditions are cared for within their own families. Cognitive impairment can be a significant and increasing symptom of these conditions. In this article we report how a team of experienced researchers carried out a meta-ethnography of qualitative research articles focusing on the impact of caring for a loved one with cognitive impairment. We followed the seven-step process outlined by Noblit and Hare. Synthesized findings from 31 papers suggest emotional impact is complex and uncertain and varies from day to day. The benefit of using meta-ethnography is that the results represent a larger sample …

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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Uptake Across The Isolated Perfused Intestine Of Rainbow Trout: Physiological Mechanisms And A Comparison With Caco-2 Cells, Aliaa Rasheed Al-Jubory Jan 2013

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Uptake Across The Isolated Perfused Intestine Of Rainbow Trout: Physiological Mechanisms And A Comparison With Caco-2 Cells, Aliaa Rasheed Al-Jubory

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The wide use of nanoscale materials in food and health care products raises the concern of their possible uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, but very limited data are available on their uptake kinetics, and the potential hazards for humans. In this study, the uptake mechanism of titanium dioxide (TiO2) across the isolated perfused fish intestine and human intestinal Caco-2 cells were evaluated. The in vitro preparation of the whole gut sac and the isolated perfused intestine of rainbow trout were performed using both bulk and nano TiO2 in a concentration of 1 mg l-1 for up to 4 h. The …

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An Ecotoxicological Assessment Of The Impacts Of Chronic Exposure To Metals And Radionuclides On Marine Mussels: Relating Genotoxicity To Molecular And Organism-Level Effects, Lorna Jane Dallas Jan 2013

An Ecotoxicological Assessment Of The Impacts Of Chronic Exposure To Metals And Radionuclides On Marine Mussels: Relating Genotoxicity To Molecular And Organism-Level Effects, Lorna Jane Dallas

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Metals and radionuclides are environmentally relevant contaminants, yet their potential impacts on marine organisms have not been adequately evaluated. This is especially true for exposures of longer duration and/or lower contaminant concentration (i.e. chronic) which are often more representative of real world scenarios. In this context, a suite of biomarkers at different levels of biological organisation were investigated in an ecologically relevant bivalve species, Mytilus galloprovin- cialis after exposure to nickel (a metal), zinc pyrithione (an organometal) and tritiated water (a radionuclide). These contaminants were chosen based on their differing properties, and hence, mechanisms of action. All three contaminants produced …

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Relative Sensitivity Of Two Marine Bivalves For Detection Of Genotoxic And Cytotoxic Effects: A Field Assessment In The Tamar Estuary, South West England., Lorna J. Dallas, Victoria V. Cheung, Andrew S. Fisher, Awadhesh N. Jha Jan 2013

Relative Sensitivity Of Two Marine Bivalves For Detection Of Genotoxic And Cytotoxic Effects: A Field Assessment In The Tamar Estuary, South West England., Lorna J. Dallas, Victoria V. Cheung, Andrew S. Fisher, Awadhesh N. Jha

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The input of anthropogenic contaminants to the aquatic environment is a major concern for scientists, regulators and the public. This is especially relevant in areas such as the Tamar valley in SW England, which has a legacy of contamination from industrial activity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Following on from previous laboratory validation studies, this study aimed to assess the relationship between genotoxic and cytotoxic responses and heavy metal concentrations in two bivalve species sampled from locations along the Tamar estuary. Adult cockles, Cerastoderma edule, and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were sampled from five locations in the Tamar and …

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Accumulation Of Aqueous And Nanoparticulate Silver By The Marine Gastropod Littorina Littorea, Haiying Li, Andrew Turner, Murray T. Brown Jan 2013

Accumulation Of Aqueous And Nanoparticulate Silver By The Marine Gastropod Littorina Littorea, Haiying Li, Andrew Turner, Murray T. Brown

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Interactions Of Trace Metals With Plastic Production Pellets In The Marine Environment, Luke A Holmes Jan 2013

Interactions Of Trace Metals With Plastic Production Pellets In The Marine Environment, Luke A Holmes

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This study investigates the interactions between dissolved trace metals and plastic debris under controlled laboratory conditions by using polyethylene pellets as a model plastic particle. Specifically, the study compared virgin pellets sourced from a local moulding plant with those collected from local beaches and subjected to aging, attrition and deposition of extraneous material. Pellets collected from the coastline of Southwest England were mainly polyethylene according to Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), although occasional polypropylene pellets were present. Additionally, FTIR was used to identify the extent of degradation of pellets according to a photo-oxidation index derived from the relative magnitudes of …

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Coaching Of Staff In Schools: What Can We Learn From The New Role Of The Masters In Teaching And Learning In-School Coach For Schools And The Higher Education Tutors Working Alongside Them?, Julie Anderson, Cath Gristy Jan 2013

Coaching Of Staff In Schools: What Can We Learn From The New Role Of The Masters In Teaching And Learning In-School Coach For Schools And The Higher Education Tutors Working Alongside Them?, Julie Anderson, Cath Gristy

Plymouth Institute of Education

No abstract provided.

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Identifying Deterioration In A Simulated Environment: Testing Of A Pedagogic Model, Ruth Endacott, Louise Winfield, Martyn Bradbury, Annie Jenkin, J Scholes, S Cooper, L Kinsman Jan 2013

Identifying Deterioration In A Simulated Environment: Testing Of A Pedagogic Model, Ruth Endacott, Louise Winfield, Martyn Bradbury, Annie Jenkin, J Scholes, S Cooper, L Kinsman

School of Nursing and Midwifery

The purpose of this study is to test a pedagogic model, developed in Australia, with participants in the UK. Over the past three years, we have worked with collaborators at Monash University, Australia and at the University of Brighton on four funded exploratory studies (total income >AU$100k). The main outcome of this work is a pedagogic model of simulation delivery (FIRST2ACT - Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends) incorporating feedback via video review (Buykx et al 2010, Endacott et al in press, Endacott et al 2010, Cooper et al 2010). Work to date has used …

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Loss Of Sox10 Function Contributes To The Phenotype Of Human Merlin-Null Schwannoma Cells., Robin D.S. Doddrell, Xin Peng Dun, Aditya Shivane, M. Laura Feltri, Lawrence Wrabetz, Michael Wegner, Elisabeth Sock, C. Oliver Hanemann, David B. Parkinson Jan 2013

Loss Of Sox10 Function Contributes To The Phenotype Of Human Merlin-Null Schwannoma Cells., Robin D.S. Doddrell, Xin Peng Dun, Aditya Shivane, M. Laura Feltri, Lawrence Wrabetz, Michael Wegner, Elisabeth Sock, C. Oliver Hanemann, David B. Parkinson

Peninsula Medical School

Loss of the Merlin tumour suppressor causes abnormal de-differentiation and proliferation of Schwann cells and formation of schwannoma tumours in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. Within the mature peripheral nerve the normal development, differentiation and maintenance of myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells is regulated by a network of transcription factors that include SOX10, OCT6 (now known as POU3F1), NFATC4 and KROX20 (also known as Egr2). We have examined for the first time how their regulation of Schwann cell development is disrupted in primary human schwannoma cells. We find that induction of both KROX20 and OCT6 is impaired, whereas enforced expression …

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Utmost Good Faith In Marine Insurance: A Comparative Study Of English And Chinese Law, Feng Shi Jan 2013

Utmost Good Faith In Marine Insurance: A Comparative Study Of English And Chinese Law, Feng Shi

Plymouth Business School Theses

As one of the most distinctive characteristics of English insurance law, the duty of utmost good faith is essentially stated in sections 17-20 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906. According to the statutory rules, both of the insurance parties must observe utmost good faith before the conclusion of an insurance contract. After one century of its application, both the judiciary and academics expressed their concerns in terms of its legislative defects and complexity in practice. Some developments have been made in recent judicial decisions and in statutory reform, e.g. the English Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012, and Recommendations, …

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Shifts In Ownership Toward High-Powered Motorcycles And Its Effects On Public Health, J Rollison, P Hewson, Ej Hellier, L Hurst Jan 2013

Shifts In Ownership Toward High-Powered Motorcycles And Its Effects On Public Health, J Rollison, P Hewson, Ej Hellier, L Hurst

School of Psychology

Objectives. We assessed whether policies designed to safeguard young motorcyclists would be effective given shifts in ownership toward high-powered motorcycles. Methods. We investigated population-wide motor vehicle driver and motorcyclist casualties (excluding passengers) recorded in Britain between 2002 and 2009. To adjust for exposure and measure individual risk, we used the estimated number of trips of motorcyclists and drivers, which had been collected as part of a national travel survey. Results. Motorcyclists were 76 times more likely to be killed than were drivers for every trip. Older motorcyclist age—strongly linked to experience, skill set,and riding behavior—did not abate the risks of …

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Exploring Religious Education And Health And Physical Education Key Learning Area Connections In Primary Schools., Tj Lynch Jan 2013

Exploring Religious Education And Health And Physical Education Key Learning Area Connections In Primary Schools., Tj Lynch

Plymouth Institute of Education

This study explored if connections were made by teachers and students in schools between religious education (RE) and health and physical education (HPE) key learning areas (KLA). The research was conducted within three Brisbane (Queensland, Australia) Catholic primary schools of varying enrolment size. It is argued that within Catholic education, the HPE curriculum documents are strongly connected to the RE curriculum material (Lynch 2004). The spiritual dimension of the HPE curriculum is defined in the syllabus as the “sense of connection to phenomena and unusual events beyond self and usual sensory and rational existence; a sense of place within the …

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Placing Livestock In Landscape Studies: Pastures New Or Out To Graze?, Jessica Sellick, Richard Yarwood Jan 2013

Placing Livestock In Landscape Studies: Pastures New Or Out To Graze?, Jessica Sellick, Richard Yarwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Plasticity Of Visual Attention In Isha Yoga Meditation Practitioners Before And After A 3-Month Retreat, C Braboszcz, Br Cahn, B Balakrishnan, Et Al Jan 2013

Plasticity Of Visual Attention In Isha Yoga Meditation Practitioners Before And After A 3-Month Retreat, C Braboszcz, Br Cahn, B Balakrishnan, Et Al

School of Psychology

Meditation has lately received considerable interest from cognitive neuroscience. Studies suggest that daily meditation leads to long lasting attentional and neuronal plasticity. We present changes related to the attentional systems before and after a 3 month intensive meditation retreat. We used three behavioral psychophysical tests - a Stroop task, an attentional blink task, and a global-local letter task-to assess the effect of Isha yoga meditation on attentional resource allocation. 82 Isha yoga practitioners were tested at the beginning and at the end of the retreat. Our results showed an increase in correct responses specific to incongruent stimuli in the Stroop …

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Flap Gate Farm: From Venice Lagoon Defense To Resonating Wave Energy Production. Part 1: Natural Modes, P. Sammarco, S. Michele, M D’Errico Jan 2013

Flap Gate Farm: From Venice Lagoon Defense To Resonating Wave Energy Production. Part 1: Natural Modes, P. Sammarco, S. Michele, M D’Errico

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Approaches For Studying Root Herbivores, Cm Benefer, Rp Blackshaw Jan 2013

Molecular Approaches For Studying Root Herbivores, Cm Benefer, Rp Blackshaw

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The use of molecular techniques in insect ecology has expanded rapidly, allowing ever more challenging questions to be addressed. Compared to their aboveground equivalents, root herbivore molecular ecology has received less attention, despite essentially the same ecological questions being of importance in both the above- and belowground ecosystems. Studies so far have concentrated on economically important taxa, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing and a variety of markers to investigate the species identity and relationships, population dynamics and dispersal, distribution, feeding behaviour and interactions with other organisms. Although this has proved useful for elucidating these aspects of their ecology, there …

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Trust In The Health-Care Provider-Patient Relationship: A Systematic Mapping Review Of The Evidence Base., Nicola Brennan, Rebecca Barnes, Mike Calnan, Oonagh Corrigan, Paul Dieppe, Vikki Entwistle Jan 2013

Trust In The Health-Care Provider-Patient Relationship: A Systematic Mapping Review Of The Evidence Base., Nicola Brennan, Rebecca Barnes, Mike Calnan, Oonagh Corrigan, Paul Dieppe, Vikki Entwistle

Peninsula Medical School

PURPOSE: Trust is important for patients and may be used as an indicator and potential 'marker' for how patients evaluate the quality of health care. The review aimed to classify the current evidence base on trust in the patient-provider relationship in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and to point towards areas for future research. DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases were searched from 2004 onwards using text and subject heading keywords relating to 'trust' and 'health care' and 'relationships'. STUDY SELECTION: Abstracts were identified for empirical studies carried out in health-care settings that explicitly examined trust or reported trust-related findings …

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Evidence-Based Programs In Children's Services: A Critical Appraisal, Nick Axford, Louise Morpeth Jan 2013

Evidence-Based Programs In Children's Services: A Critical Appraisal, Nick Axford, Louise Morpeth

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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Sequential Proteolytic Processing Of The Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells-2 (Trem2) Protein By Ectodomain Shedding And Γ-Secretase-Dependent Intramembranous Cleavage, P Wunderlich, K Glebov, N Kemmerling, Nt Tien, H Neumann, J Walter Jan 2013

Sequential Proteolytic Processing Of The Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells-2 (Trem2) Protein By Ectodomain Shedding And Γ-Secretase-Dependent Intramembranous Cleavage, P Wunderlich, K Glebov, N Kemmerling, Nt Tien, H Neumann, J Walter

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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