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Studies Of The Synthesis, Environmental Occurrence And Toxicity Of Unresolved Complex Mixtures (Ucms) Of Hydrocarbons, Emma Jane Wraige Jan 1997

Studies Of The Synthesis, Environmental Occurrence And Toxicity Of Unresolved Complex Mixtures (Ucms) Of Hydrocarbons, Emma Jane Wraige

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The occurrence of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons (UCMs) in the aliphatic fraction of marine sediments and organisms from areas impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons is well documented and widely accepted as an indication of fossil fuel contamination. In contrast, the presence of an aromatic UCM is often ignored and environmental concentrations of aromatic UCM hydrocarbons in marine biota and sediments are rarely reported. The aims of this study were to establish the quantitative significance of aromatic UCMs in environmental samples and to assess the toxicological significance of both aliphatic and aromatic UCMs. A reproducible method was developed and validated for …

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The Palaeo-Ecology And Biostratigraphy Of The Foraminifera From The Oxfordian Of North Dorset, Andrew Scott Henderson Jan 1997

The Palaeo-Ecology And Biostratigraphy Of The Foraminifera From The Oxfordian Of North Dorset, Andrew Scott Henderson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The Oxfordian rocks of north Dorset are poorly exposed at outcrop. A drilling operation was devised and implemented and the complete sequence of strata from the Weymouth Member of the Oxford Clay Formation through to the Ringstead Waxy Clay Formation was penetrated. Three boreholes were drilled; the Hallett's Farm Borehole, covering the strata from the stratigraphically youngest Ringstead Waxy Clay Formation down to the Cucklington Oolite; the Bowden Farm Borehole, continuing the sequence from the Cucklington Oolite into the lower part of the Hazelbury Bryan Formation and the Hartmoor Hill Borehole which continues downward into the Oxford Clay Formation. A …

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Particle-Water Interactions Of Ni And Zn In Coastal Waters, Tonia Karen Sands Jan 1997

Particle-Water Interactions Of Ni And Zn In Coastal Waters, Tonia Karen Sands

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment were collected from the Humber coastal zone during six seasonal and inter-annual surveys (November 1993 - July 1995) on board RRS Challenger as part of the NERC Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) initiative. Concentrations of Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn, extracted using a 1M HCl digest, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry techniques. Particulate Ni and Zn both exhibited a pronounced seasonal distribution in the Humber coastal zone. Significant metal-salinity relationships were obtained for both metals indicating the Humber Estuary to be a significant source of Nip and Znp to the region. …

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Are Male Sexual Offenders Normal Men, Or Can They Be Viewed As A Deviant Sub-Group Of Men?, Edwin Price Jan 1997

Are Male Sexual Offenders Normal Men, Or Can They Be Viewed As A Deviant Sub-Group Of Men?, Edwin Price

School of Psychology Theses

This study investigated whether sexual offenders were measurably different from nonoffenders on a battery of self-report questionnaires. The study was designed to test four aims: 1. To test the validity of the self-report methodology. 2. To test the effectiveness of the treatment given to sex offenders. 3. To test for differences between the offender's before and after their treatment with the nonoffenders. 4. To test the differences of the psychological profiles between the offender samples and the nonoffenders. The four aims were related to divergent positions held in the literature on sexual offenders. One position in the literature views sex …

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Trace Metals In Blood And Urine As Potential Markers Of Bone Breakdown In Patients With Bone Metastases, Fiona Jane Roberts Jan 1997

Trace Metals In Blood And Urine As Potential Markers Of Bone Breakdown In Patients With Bone Metastases, Fiona Jane Roberts

Other Faculty of Health Theses

In the western world cancer is the second most important cause of death, after heart disease, accounting for 20-25% of all mortalities, and is today probably one of the most feared diseases. Approximately one third of all cancer patients will develop skeletal metastases (secondary bone cancer). Early diagnosis and effective monitoring during treatment is therefore essential in terms of making any impact on survival rates and developing new cancer therapies. Unfortunately, the current methods for diagnosing and measuring bone metastases, such as bone scans and urinary hydroxyproline determinations, lack sensitivity and specificity. The urinary pyridinium crosslinks, pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline …

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Structure-Activity Relationships In Glucosinolates As Oviposition Stimulants Of The Cabbage Root Fly, Delia Radicum (L.), Neil Patrick Chilcott Jan 1997

Structure-Activity Relationships In Glucosinolates As Oviposition Stimulants Of The Cabbage Root Fly, Delia Radicum (L.), Neil Patrick Chilcott

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

A statistically sound and quantifiable bioassay procedure was developed for determining the response of adult Delia radicum to oviposition stimulants. The method was based on the use of surrogate leaves coated with test compounds. All of the test compounds were of purity 99% or greater. Twelve of the tested compounds were synthesised the remaining twenty four were either donated or available commercially. Attempts to follow literature methods to synthesise glucosinolates were unsatisfactory and an investigation of the procedures led to a number of synthetic modifications. Despite various attempts, the failure to sulphate a thiohydroximate to produce a glucosinolate was not …

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The Impact Of A Silvopastoral Agroforestry System, Maria Penn Jan 1997

The Impact Of A Silvopastoral Agroforestry System, Maria Penn

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

There is increasing pressure in the UK to adopt alternative, sustainable uses for agricultural land. New schemes indicate a trend towards lowland afforestation schemes which are a very new concept in Britain. One such scheme is agroforestry whereby trees and a crop are grown together on the same unit of land. Very little is known about the impact of agroforestry on soil hydrology and soil water nitrate distribution of trees planted at a regular spacing into grazed grassland. In this case a lowland grazed silvopastoral agroforestry system in Devon, UK, was monitored to determine the impact upon the soil by …

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System Identification Theory Approach To Cohesive Sediment Transport Modelling, Huixin Chen Jan 1997

System Identification Theory Approach To Cohesive Sediment Transport Modelling, Huixin Chen

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Two aspects of the modelling sediment transport are investigated. One is the univariate time series modelling the current velocity dynamics. The other is the multivariate time series modelling the suspended sediment concentration dynamics. Cohesive sediment dynamics and numerical sediment transport model are reviewed and investigated. The system identification theory and time series analysis method are developed and applied to set up the time series model for current velocity and suspended sediment dynamics. In this thesis, the cohesive sediment dynamics is considered as an unknown stochastic system to be identified. The study includes the model structure determination, system order estimation and …

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Capture And Release Of Lagrangian Floats By Eddies In Shear Flow, G. I. Shapiro, E. D. Barton, S. L. Meschanov Jan 1997

Capture And Release Of Lagrangian Floats By Eddies In Shear Flow, G. I. Shapiro, E. D. Barton, S. L. Meschanov

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Dynamics Of Dense Water Cascades At The Shelf Edge, G. I. Shapiro, A. E. Hill Jan 1997

Dynamics Of Dense Water Cascades At The Shelf Edge, G. I. Shapiro, A. E. Hill

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Cognitive Appraisals In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder & Other Anxiety Disorders, Jackie Maccallam Jan 1997

Cognitive Appraisals In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder & Other Anxiety Disorders, Jackie Maccallam

School of Psychology Theses

This research applied ideas from the cognition-emotion literature to some of the theories in the OCD literature, and in so doing took'Va multi-dimensional approach to the understanding of OCD. The aim of the study was to explore the nature of 'emotionalcognitive profiles'^ of people with OCD,. and to compare these 'profiles' with those of people with other anxiety disorders and people from a non-clinical population.. Participants from the three groups i.e. an OCD group, ah anxiety group and a non-clinical group were asked to rate a number of appraisal dimensions, in response to four vignettes. There were 10 participants in …

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A Comparison Of The Relative Impact Of A Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention Consisting Of An Education Component, With A Postal Education Package, On Coping With Osteoporosis, Charlotte Davenport Clarke Jan 1997

A Comparison Of The Relative Impact Of A Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention Consisting Of An Education Component, With A Postal Education Package, On Coping With Osteoporosis, Charlotte Davenport Clarke

School of Psychology Theses

A study was carried out in order to compare the effects of a cognitive-behavioural intervention, with a postal education package, on coping with osteoporosis. Thirty osteoporosis sufferers were divided into three groups. One group received an intervention programme consisting of education, relaxation techniques, and instruction in the use of coping strategies for pain and stress. A comparison group received an education booklet on osteoporosis sent to them through the postal system. The study also included a non-treatment control group. Measures of locus of control, depression, anxiety, pain, and disease knowledge, were taken pre-and post-intervention. lt was predicted that the intervention …

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Life-Cycle Parameters Of Tisbe Battagliai (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) As Indicators Of Chronic Toxicity, Timothy Dorian Williams Jan 1997

Life-Cycle Parameters Of Tisbe Battagliai (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) As Indicators Of Chronic Toxicity, Timothy Dorian Williams

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

There is growing concern about the fate and biological effects of chemical contaminants in the marine environment. In the United Kingdom, the present ability to detect the potential long-term effects of contaminants is limited by the lack of suitable laboratory methods for measuring chronic toxicity. The harpacticoid copepod Tisbe battagliai was selected as a candidate test organism and a suite of chronic toxicity test methods was developed for measuring the effect of chemical contaminants on individual copepods (postembryonic development, reproduction and life-table analysis) and populations of T. battagliai. The development of chronic test methods proceeded alongside investigations of the influence …

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Effects Of Copper On Gill Structure And Physiology In Carcinus Maenas, Dagmar Karina Hebel Jan 1997

Effects Of Copper On Gill Structure And Physiology In Carcinus Maenas, Dagmar Karina Hebel

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The effects of sublethal copper exposure at three levels of biological organisation were studied in the common shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) (Crustacea, Decapoda). The three levels included the ultrastructure of respiratory and osmoregulatory gill tissues; ventilatory physiology (scaphognathite activity); and tissue metallothionein levels. Respiratory gill epithelia were more sensitive to sublethal copper exposure than osmoregulatory gill tissues. The cellular damage observed included severe epithelial necrosis and vacuolation, hyperplasia and haemocyte infiltration. In the respiratory gills, these changes were first present following exposure to 100 µg Cu Lˉ¹ At 500 µg Cu Lˉ¹, there was complete degeneration of the epithelia. …

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Environmental Variables, Including Pollutants, Affecting Living Benthonic Foraminiferida, Catherine Jane Manley Jan 1997

Environmental Variables, Including Pollutants, Affecting Living Benthonic Foraminiferida, Catherine Jane Manley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Studies of living benthonic foraminiferal assemblages carried out by marine biologists are comparatively rare. This study of the changes in foraminiferal assemblages from three subtidal sites near Plymouth, U.K., has been carried out with the intention of determining the importance of various abiotic and biotic variables to the foraminiferal communities studied using statistical correlation. Temperature and salinity at depth and particle size characteristics together with organic content, bacterial abundance and type, and other meiofauna present were assessed monthly with samples taken for foraminiferal content, and for seasonal diatom analysis. Deformed specimens were very rare in the examined samples of natural …

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The In-Situ Erosion Of Intertidal Muds, Malcolm Christie Jan 1997

The In-Situ Erosion Of Intertidal Muds, Malcolm Christie

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Intertidal mudflats can experience rapid morphological changes, and are both sources and sinks of fine cohesive sediment within an estuary. Successful environmental management of these regions depends upon in-situ measurements, which help specify the interactions between the active processes and so allow the development of predictive models that the management practices require. The Profiles of Sediment Transport system (POST) has been developed in order to make high frequency measurements of velocity and suspended sediment concentration profiles in very shallow water (i.e. when depth, h < 1.0 m). Electromagnetic current meters and optical sensors were miniaturised to allow measurements within a few centimetres of the sea bed and provide fine scale resolution of vertical profiles. Two in-situ experiments, located in the Severn and Humber estuaries, examined the response of a mudflat to changing environmental factors, and in particular, studied the influence of local waves and tidal currents in very shallow water of depth (h)< 1.0 m. A value of 0.127 Nmˉ²was considered to be representative of the critical erosion shear stress (Tint) at Portishead, while at Skeffling τait was estimated to be about 0.31 Nmˉ². The effects of wave and current action were quantified and expressions were used to describe the relationships between velocity, bed shear stress and concentration. An expression relating near bed concentration to mean velocity (U ) at Skeffling was simply: Concentration (gLˉ¹) = 1.908 U + 0.193 when h< 1.0 m. R² = 0.730 The physical processes causing erosion and deposition across two mudflats have been identified, and the predictive expressions are considered to provide first order approximations for sediment concentrations and transport behaviour, for similar conditions at other North European sites. The results showed that the shallow water periods at the beginning and end of tidal coverage were extremely important in determining the surface character of the mudflat, and any erosion was most marked at these times. Small waves can be crucial to erosion because of their large contribution to the bed shear stresses in shallow water. Ignoring biological and chemical variables (both of which can control of erosion), it is proposed that for typical temperate environmental conditions, some form of mudflat erosion is likely when h< 1.0 m, and either the significant wave height (H2) is greater than 0.25 m, or the near bed velocities exceed 0.2 msˉ¹.

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The Influence Of Vitamin E On The Immune System Of The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Janet Roper Jan 1997

The Influence Of Vitamin E On The Immune System Of The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Janet Roper

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This study took the form of three nutritional trials each examining the effects of vitamin E on various physiological, haematological and immunological functions of the rainbow trout. The preliminary study investigated the effect of feeding three experimental diets with different levels of alpha-tocopherol supplementation (0, 100 and 800 mg kgˉ¹ diet), on growth, health and various factors of the non-specific immune response. Liver alpha-tocopherol levels reflected the dietary intake of the vitamin. The fish fed the diet deficient in alpha-tocopherol showed reduced growth and increased mortality They had pale enlarged livers, their hepatosomatic indices and erythrocyte fragility was significantly higher …

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Ecophysiology Of Neomysis Integer (Mysidacea: Peracarida), Stephen Derek Roast Jan 1997

Ecophysiology Of Neomysis Integer (Mysidacea: Peracarida), Stephen Derek Roast

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Neomysis integer (Leach) (Peracarida: Mysidacea) is a common component of the hyperbenthos of Western European estuaries, and this study focused on the ecophysiology and ecotoxicology of this mysid. Behavioural and physiological responses of N. integer to physical and chemical variables (current velocity, substratum type, temperature and salinity) were measured in the laboratory to gain better understanding of how this mysid maintains position in estuaries. Current velocity was the most important factor controlling position maintenance, and N. integer had a maximum swimming speed of c. 9cm sˉ¹. Position maintenance was facilitated by a muddy substratum and was not affected by salinity. …

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Staff Responses To Challenging Behaviour: An Evaluation Of Behaviour Analytic Concepts And Intervention Strategies, Neil Bathurst Jan 1997

Staff Responses To Challenging Behaviour: An Evaluation Of Behaviour Analytic Concepts And Intervention Strategies, Neil Bathurst

School of Psychology Theses

This research project is divided into two studies. Study 1 considers the proposition that where the challenging behaviours of learning disabled people are sensitive to social reinforcement, the responses of unit staff may be counter-habilitative. This was investigated using a questionnaire-based self-report study involving 43 unit staff. The questionnaires covered staff emotional reactions to, attributions for and responses to challenging behaviours. In addition key aspects of the staff sub-culture were considered. Results confirmed the possible counter-habilitative nature of staff responses. These responses appeared to be influenced by both contingency effects related to high levels of stress and counter -habilitative beliefs …

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Reversal Of Parkinsonian Symptoms In Primates By Antagonism Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission: Potential Mechanisms Of Action., I. J. Mitchell, C. B. Carroll Jan 1997

Reversal Of Parkinsonian Symptoms In Primates By Antagonism Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission: Potential Mechanisms Of Action., I. J. Mitchell, C. B. Carroll

Peninsula Medical School

Parkinsonism is characterised by overactive glutamatergic transmission in the cortico-striatal and subthalamo-medial pallidal pathways. Local blockade of glutamatergic transmission in these pathways can alleviate parkinsonian symptoms. The effectiveness of the treatment, however, is often limited by the simultaneous appearance of unwanted side-effects. These side-effects, including ataxia and dissociative anaesthesia, are particularly problematic when N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists are used. In an attempt to overcome these problems we have attempted to manipulate excitatory amino acid (EAA)-mediated neurotransmission indirectly by targeting the NMDA receptor associated modulatory sites. We review evidence which demonstrates that antagonists for both the NMDA associated glycine and polyamine sites …

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Amphibolous Weglarskae Dastych, A New Addition To The Tardigrada Of Iceland With An Updated Checklist Of Icelandic Species (Eohypsibiidae, Eutardigrada)., Nj Marley, De Wright Nov 1996

Amphibolous Weglarskae Dastych, A New Addition To The Tardigrada Of Iceland With An Updated Checklist Of Icelandic Species (Eohypsibiidae, Eutardigrada)., Nj Marley, De Wright

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

During the examination of the extensive Tardigrada collections held at the Royal Museums of Scotland, specimens and sculptured eggs belonging to Amphibolus weglarskae (Dastych) were identified in the Morgan Icelandic collection. This species had not previously been reported from Iceland. A checklist of Icelandic Tardigrada species is also provided.

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An Investigation Into Motor Pools And Their Applicability To A Biologically Inspired Model Of Ballistic Voluntary Motor Action, Mark Paul Norman Jan 1996

An Investigation Into Motor Pools And Their Applicability To A Biologically Inspired Model Of Ballistic Voluntary Motor Action, Mark Paul Norman

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This study investigates the properties of motor pools in the human motor control system. The simulations carried out as part of this study used two biologically inspired neuronal models to simulate networks with properties similar to those observed in the human motor system (Burke, 1991). The Synchronous neuronal model developed as part of this study explicitly models the input/output spike train and frequency relationship of each neuron. The motor pool simulations were carried out using the INSIGHT TOO simulation software developed as part of this study. INSIGHT TOO is a flexible neural design tool that allows the visual interactive design …

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Finite Deformations Of A Generalized Blatz-Ko Material, Yi Wang Jan 1996

Finite Deformations Of A Generalized Blatz-Ko Material, Yi Wang

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

In this dissertation, the finite deformations of a certain class of compressible, isotropic elastic materials are investigated. The class is characterized by a two-parameter family of strain energy functions which includes the well-known Blatz-Ko material model for foam rubbers. The Blatz-Ko material, which has been arrived at by experiment and whose deformations have been studied previously, is obtained from the considered class of materials by specifying one of the two parameters involved in the definition of the class. On employing the semi-inverse method, according to which the form of the solution is given at the outset in terms of functions …

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The Conservation And Ecology Of The Heath Lobelia, Lobelia Urens L., Janet Mary Dinsdale Jan 1996

The Conservation And Ecology Of The Heath Lobelia, Lobelia Urens L., Janet Mary Dinsdale

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This programme of research examines the ecology of the threatened perennial Lobelia urens L. (the heath lobelia) which reaches the northern limit of its distribution in the southern coastal counties of England. A survey of the historical evidence of the distribution of the species in England is presented. Restricted to such a small area, L. urens has always been rare in Britain. The six remaining populations were surveyed to describe the phytosociology of communities containing L. urens and the variability of the environmental factors controlling its distribution. L. urens is shown to be a member of rough grass-heath communities dominated …

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Enhanced Oil Degradation By Bacteria When Immobilized To An Oleophilic Substratum, Nicola Gail Wilson Jan 1996

Enhanced Oil Degradation By Bacteria When Immobilized To An Oleophilic Substratum, Nicola Gail Wilson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Three immobilization matrices, Biofix (kaolinite microspheres), Drizit (polypropylene fibres) and polyester polyurethane were used as substrata for use in bioremediation. Enhanced biodegradation of petrol (Slovene diesel) and Ekofisk crude oil occurred with immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens to Biofix and Drizit in freshwater and saltwater systems. When compared to free bacteria, immobilization resulted in; increased growth, accelerated ability of the cells to utilize oil, and enhanced biodegradation as determined by gas chromatography. In the freshwater systems Drizit immobilized cells reduced the lag phase to one day in comparison to six in a free system and increased biodegradation of the n-alkanes by …

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The Effects Of Environmental Contaminants On The Immune Functions Of Marine Flatfish, Tom Hutchinson Jan 1996

The Effects Of Environmental Contaminants On The Immune Functions Of Marine Flatfish, Tom Hutchinson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Given the widespread concern that chemical contaminants may be associated with infectious disease outbreaks in marine fish populations, work has been undertaken with the aim of developing a suite of non-specific and specific assays of marine fish immune function and the application of these techniques in a variety of field and laboratory investigations. Most of the work focused on dab, Limanda limanda (L.) in view of the importance of this species in several North Sea fish disease monitoring programmes, and was also supplemented with investigations of specific immune function in turbot, Scopthalmus maximus (L.). Initial field studies examined non-specific immune …

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An Investigation Into The Interaction Of Aeromonas Salmonicida And The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Rainbow Trout And The Implications For Oral Delivery Of A Live Auxotrophic Mutant, Steven Michael Jones Jan 1996

An Investigation Into The Interaction Of Aeromonas Salmonicida And The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Rainbow Trout And The Implications For Oral Delivery Of A Live Auxotrophic Mutant, Steven Michael Jones

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Furunculosis is a disease of great economic importance to the salmon fanning industry. The aetiological agent of the disease is Aeromonas salmonicida, probably the most studied pathogen of non mammalian hosts. Little information exists however on the most fundamental aspects of the infection process or the basis of acquired immunity. Although oral vaccination is an ideal solution to the problems of immunising fanned salmonids, poor immunogenicity has always limited the use of this route of administration. In mammals oral vaccination with live auxotrophic mutants has been shown to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity and provide protection against challenge. The …

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Community Ecology And Genetics Of Macroinvertebrates In Permanent Macaronesian Streams., Lucy Claire Kelly Jan 1996

Community Ecology And Genetics Of Macroinvertebrates In Permanent Macaronesian Streams., Lucy Claire Kelly

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Extensive community-based sampling and single-species genetic analysis were used to study factors driving stream invertebrate community assembly on islands. Macroinvertebrates and physicochemistry were surveyed in forty-two streams on La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Madeira (Macaronesia). Island faunal relationships and the role of the stream and catchment environment in determining community composition were investigated with multivariate analyses; assemblage nestedness and species richness, occupancy and abundance were also examined. The relationship between genetic differentiation and range size was tested using allozyme variation in selected species. Island species pools differed in community composition and species richness (total, and endemic), broadly as predicted …

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The Long Term Psychological Consequences Of War Experiences, Nigel Hunt Jan 1996

The Long Term Psychological Consequences Of War Experiences, Nigel Hunt

School of Psychology Theses

The present study was carried out to examine long-term psychological difficulties associated with war experience. 731 World War Two and Korean War veterans completed a questionnaire supplying biographical details, war-related experience, and present day psychological health. A significant proportion had war-related psychological difficulties, these problems correlating more strongly with war-related intrusive thoughts and avoidance than with actual combat experiences. A subgroup of 25 veterans were selected for depth interview. The results of these interviews supported the finding that many veterans have war-related problems, and that they related more to intrusion and avoidance than to actual experiences. For some veterans these …

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Interfacing High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry For Speciation Studies, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns Jan 1996

Interfacing High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry For Speciation Studies, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

A novel interface for the coupling of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the speciation of organometallic compounds has been developed and utilised for a number of diverse applications. Desolvation of the sample prior to reaching the plasma is shown to facilitate a more versatile coupling of the two instrumental techniques. This has been achieved by first volatilising the aerosol after nebulisation of the sample in a heated cyclone spray chamber. The resulting vapour is removed using a membrane drier and a thermoelectrically cooled condenser. The apparatus developed has been fully optimised to …

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