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Articles 6241 - 6270 of 6792
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Hcv-Specific Cellular Immune Responses In Subjects Exposed, But Uninfected By Hcv, Mk Metzner, A Houldsworth, A Demaine, E Kaminski, Me Cramp
Hcv-Specific Cellular Immune Responses In Subjects Exposed, But Uninfected By Hcv, Mk Metzner, A Houldsworth, A Demaine, E Kaminski, Me Cramp
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Phytoplankton Responses As Indicators Of Exposure To Toxicants, Rosangela Aparecida Devilla
Phytoplankton Responses As Indicators Of Exposure To Toxicants, Rosangela Aparecida Devilla
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
The use of antifouling booster biocides on boats and ships is of environmental concern as the leached products can affect non-target, highly susceptible phytoplanktonic organisms. Appropriate assessment of whether or not estuarine/marine phytoplankton are potentially at risk should include a combination of approaches, investigating toxic effects for both single species and natural phytoplankton communities and ideally include field verifications. This research addresses the application and comparison of methods to investigate toxic responses to four antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051®, diuron, Sea-Nine 211® and zinc pyrithione in laboratory-based experiments with single species and using natural phytoplankton assemblages. The applicability of photosynthetic parameters …
The Use Of Prebiotics To Improve Fish Health, Michelle Stone
The Use Of Prebiotics To Improve Fish Health, Michelle Stone
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
The aim of this project was to analyse critically the potential use of prebiotics in aquaculture. Initially, the intestinal microflora of rainbow trout, raised in the aquarium facilities at CEFAS, Weymouth, was investigated using both conventional bacteriological (culture, BiOLOG) and molecular (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), 16S rRNA gene sequencing) techniques. Dominant colony types were identified as Aeromonas sobria, Carnobacterium piscicola and Clostridium gasigenes. A series of in vitro growth curve studies was carried out using a selection of intestinal bacteria and known fish pathogens, to determine the ability of intestinal bacteria to utilise the potential prebiotic candidates inulin, lactulose …
Changes In The Biogeographic Distribution Of The Trochid Gastropods Osilinus Lineatus (Da Costa) And Gibbula Umbilicalis (Da Costa) In Response To Global Climate Change: Range Dynamics And Physiological Mechanisms, Nova Mieszkowska
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
There is an urgent need to understand the effects of climatic variability on species' distributions. This thesis uses an integrative approach to identify and explain the changes in geographical distribution of two rocky intertidal, warm water species of trochid gastropod, Osilinus lineatus (da Costa) and Gibbula umbiiicalis (da Costa) that have occurred since the onset of rapid climate warming in the mid-1980s. The potential physiological mechanisms causing the range shifts are examined, and the effects on population dynamics quantified. I resurveyed sites in Britain and northern France previously surveyed by Southward & Crisp (1950s), Hawthorne (1960s) and Kendall, Williamson & …
Current Insights Into The Role Of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta In Bone Resorption, Sw Fox, Ac Lovibond
Current Insights Into The Role Of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta In Bone Resorption, Sw Fox, Ac Lovibond
School of Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Determination Of Planktonic Primary Production Parameters In The Atlantic Ocean Using In Situ Inherent Optical Properties, Christopher David Lowe
Determination Of Planktonic Primary Production Parameters In The Atlantic Ocean Using In Situ Inherent Optical Properties, Christopher David Lowe
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Bio-optical measurements from three of the Atlantic Meridional Transect programme cruises in 2003-2004 were examined to determine spatial variation and correlations between phytoplankton variables. These cruises each crossed approximately 100° of latitude between the UK and the Falkland Islands, covering a range of environments in the Atlantic Ocean. Measurements of primary production were made using a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF), concentration of phytoplankton pigments using High Performance Liquid Clrromatography (HPLC) and in situ particle absorption using a novel double cast technique with an ac9+ nine wavelength absorption/attenuation meter. Ancillary data in the form of salinity, temperature and chlorophyll concentration …
Molecular Resolution Of Marine Nematodes For Improved Assessment Of Biodiversity, Punyasloke Bhadury
Molecular Resolution Of Marine Nematodes For Improved Assessment Of Biodiversity, Punyasloke Bhadury
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Free-living nematodes are abundant in all marine habitats, highly diverse and can be important ecological indicators for monitoring anthropogenic impacts on the environment. Despite such attributes, nematode diagnostics has traditionally relied on detailed comparison of morphological characters which is often difficult and laborious, and as a result there is an increasing 'black hole' in faunal inventories where the biodiversity of groups such as nematodes is typically underestimated. Molecular methods offer a potentially efficient alternative approach to studying the biodiversity of marine nematode communities, and the main focus of this thesis was to apply molecular ecological tools for improved understanding of …
Effect Of Human Disturbance On The Foraging Behaviour Of The Oystercatcher Haematopus Ostralegus On The Rocky Shore, Sarah Carless
Effect Of Human Disturbance On The Foraging Behaviour Of The Oystercatcher Haematopus Ostralegus On The Rocky Shore, Sarah Carless
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of human disturbance on animal foraging behaviour using oystercatchers foraging on the rocky shore as a model system. The primary focus of this thesis was the balance between vigilance and foraging, and the variation in this balance with changes in environmental factors and the application of experimentally controlled human disturbance. On the structurally complex rocky shore foraging and vigilance are generally mutually exclusive behaviours and so an individual must trade-off energy acquisition with predator avoidance. The extent of the trade-off was expected to vary spatially and temporally dependant upon an …
Ammonia Emissions From Slurry Applications To Land, Thomas Henry Misselbrook
Ammonia Emissions From Slurry Applications To Land, Thomas Henry Misselbrook
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Over the last 10-15 years there has been increasing concern within Europe as to the effects of ammonia emission and subsequent deposition to sensitive ecosystems, causing eutrophication and soil acidification. Transboundary transport of emissions has led to legislation at EC level with member states being given emission ceiling targets. Research has therefore aimed at quantifying national emissions, modelling emission processes and developing mitigation strategies. Agriculture accounts for >80% of total UK ammonia emission, therefore an accurate and robust model is required to estimate emissions from this sector. National inventory methodology has improved as the database of emission measurements and survey …
Eleutherodactylus Ranoides (Ncn). Dry Forest Population, Refuge From Decline?. Eleutherodactylus Ranoides (Ncn). Población Del Bosque Seco, Refugio En Disminución?., Robert Puschendorf, Gerardo Chaves, Andrew J. Crawford, Daniel Brooks
Eleutherodactylus Ranoides (Ncn). Dry Forest Population, Refuge From Decline?. Eleutherodactylus Ranoides (Ncn). Población Del Bosque Seco, Refugio En Disminución?., Robert Puschendorf, Gerardo Chaves, Andrew J. Crawford, Daniel Brooks
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Degradation Of Cornish Calcified Seaweed (Maerl) In Soil, And Effects On Soil Fertility, R Parkinson, Jm Hall-Spencer, S Burchett, H Young
Degradation Of Cornish Calcified Seaweed (Maerl) In Soil, And Effects On Soil Fertility, R Parkinson, Jm Hall-Spencer, S Burchett, H Young
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Cooperation Of Different Neuronal Systems During Hand Sign Recognition, A Nakamura, B Maess, Tr Knösche, Et Al
Cooperation Of Different Neuronal Systems During Hand Sign Recognition, A Nakamura, B Maess, Tr Knösche, Et Al
School of Psychology
Hand signs with symbolic meaning can often be utilized more successfully than words to communicate an intention; however, the underlying brain mechanisms are undefined. The present study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) demonstrates that the primary visual, mirror neuron, social recognition and object recognition systems are involved in hand sign recognition. MEG detected well-orchestrated multiple brain regional electrical activity among these neuronal systems. During the assessment of the meaning of hand signs, the inferior parietal, superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior occipitotemporal regions were simultaneously activated. These three regions showed similar time courses in their electrical activity, suggesting that they work together …
Quantitative Analysis Of Indigo And Indigo Precursors In Leaves Of Isatis Spp. And Polygonum Tinctorium, Kg Gilbert, Hg Maule, B Rudolph, M Lewis, Et Al
Quantitative Analysis Of Indigo And Indigo Precursors In Leaves Of Isatis Spp. And Polygonum Tinctorium, Kg Gilbert, Hg Maule, B Rudolph, M Lewis, Et Al
Peninsula Medical School
Analysis of extracts from two woad species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis indigotica) and Polygonum tinctorium revealed that only one indigo precursor (indican) was present in Polygonum, but two precursors were found in Isatis spp. This was done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). In Isatis spp., the indigo precursors indican and a fraction representing isatan B were identified. The proportion of indican and isatan B was different between the two Isatis spp. tested. For the first time, it was possible to quantify the precursors in woad plant species, and the results were …
Model Selection And Efficiency Testing For Normalization Of Cdna Microarray, Matthias Futschik, Toni Crompton
Model Selection And Efficiency Testing For Normalization Of Cdna Microarray, Matthias Futschik, Toni Crompton
School of Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Representation Of Neural Data Using Visualization, Ej Stuart
The Representation Of Neural Data Using Visualization, Ej Stuart
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Currently, the focus of research within Information Visualization is steering towards genomic data visualization due to the level of activity that the Human Genome Project has generated. However, the Human Brain project, renowned within Neuroinformatics, is equally challenging and exciting. Its main aim is to increase current understanding of brain function such as memory, learning, attention, emotions and consciousness. It is understood that this task will require the ‘integration of information from the level of the gene to the level of behaviour'. The work presented in this paper focuses on the visualization of neural data. More specifically, the data being …
Storytelling In Science, Stephen Rowcliffe
Storytelling In Science, Stephen Rowcliffe
School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences
Many secondary science teachers facedifficulties inspiring their classes. The use ofstories can enliven teaching and improve pupils’learning. This article reviews research in thisarea and offers guidelines and advice as to howteachers can use storytelling to optimumadvantage in science
Analysis Of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Breast Images, Francesco De Pasquale
Analysis Of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Breast Images, Francesco De Pasquale
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses
Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a non-invasive technique that provides an image sequence based on dynamic information for locating lesions and investigating their structures. In this thesis we develop new methodology for analysing dynamic Magnetic Resonance image sequences of the breast. This methodology comprises an image restoration step that reduces random distortions affecting the data and an image classification step that identifies normal, benign or malignant tumoral tissues. In the first part of this thesis we present a non-parametric and a parametric approach for image restoration and classification. Both methods are developed within the Bayesian framework. A prior distribution modelling …
Ultrastructure And Function Of Respiratory Cilia In Critical Illness, Joanne Hosking
Ultrastructure And Function Of Respiratory Cilia In Critical Illness, Joanne Hosking
School of Biomedical Sciences Theses
Approximately one in eleven hospital patients suffer a nosocomial infection. Intensive care patients are at particular risk and nosocomial pneumonia especially is a problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). The mucociliary transport system is the major defence mechanism against such infection and whilst its efficiency has been shown to be decreased in ICU patients there are few reports in the literature describing the ultrastructure of the respiratory epithelium in this patient group. The principal aims of this study included an investigation of the ultrastructure of the respiratory ciliated epithelium in ICU patients, together with an assessment of the impact …
Behavioural And Physiological Measurements Of Visual Performance In The Cuttlefish, Sepia Officinalis, Gillian Groeger
Behavioural And Physiological Measurements Of Visual Performance In The Cuttlefish, Sepia Officinalis, Gillian Groeger
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
This thesis investigated the behaviour and physiology of the visual system of Sepia officinalis by studying systematically its visual sensitivity and its spatial resolution. The cephalopod retina is composed of only photoreceptors and supporting cells, thereby providing a unique opportunity to study the interactions between photoreceptors, without the influence of other neurons, such as those typically found in the vertebrate retina. The minimum separable angle (MSA), a measure of spatial resolution, of S. officinalis was determined from behavioural experiments to be 42' for animals of 8 cm mantle length at 15 µW/cm² light intensity. As the animals grew in size …
The Benthic Ecology Of Marine Aggregate Deposits, Jamie Edward Robinson
The Benthic Ecology Of Marine Aggregate Deposits, Jamie Edward Robinson
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Macrobenthic assemblages and sedimentary conditions of five areas were described and compared; the role of abiotic factors in shaping benthic distributions was also examined. Two of the study sites were actively dredged at the time of sample collection and the effects of this aggregate extraction were investigated. It was concluded that trailer dredging (at the level intensity employed at these sites) was not associated with any significant disruption to benthic community structure, despite the differences in abiotic and biotic characteristics of the two dredged areas. A meta-analysis of findings from published dredging impact studies revealed a differential response to dredging …
Biomarkers Of Xeno-Oestrogen Exposure In Decapod Crustaceans, Matthew Burton Sanders
Biomarkers Of Xeno-Oestrogen Exposure In Decapod Crustaceans, Matthew Burton Sanders
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Many anthropogenic chemicals, most notably xeno-oestrogens, are known to have the potential to disrupt vertebrate endocrine systems. Induction of the female-specific protein vitellogenin (Vtg) in male fish, for example, is a well-known effect of exposure to xeno-oestrogens and serves as a biomarker of such exposure. There have been few comparable studies of putative biomarkers of endocrine disruption in decapods. The current study aimed to establish if reproduction and development of two decapods, the prawn, Palaemon elegans and the crab, Carcinus maenas, were affected following exposure to known oestrogenic chemicals and whether a biomarker approach, analogous to that for vertebrates, could …
An Investigation For Genetic Susceptibility To Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Its Microvascular Complications, D.M. Hegazy
An Investigation For Genetic Susceptibility To Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Its Microvascular Complications, D.M. Hegazy
School of Biomedical Sciences Theses
Long-term exposure to diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic abnormalities such as chronic hyperglycemia and redox imbalance. Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and genetic factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular diseases. Genetic mutation through the genes coding for enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and immuno-regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the susceptibility to type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) and its chronic microvascular diseases. Previous studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa 8 (NFκB) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are two redox-sensitive cellular responses of most immune and inflammatory diseases including diabetes and its late vascular complications. NFκB promotes …
Management Of Marine Wildlife Disturbance, C. Kelly, G. A. Glegg, C. D. Speedie
Management Of Marine Wildlife Disturbance, C. Kelly, G. A. Glegg, C. D. Speedie
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
In recent years, concerns have been raised about the health and status of a range of marine species in UK waters, including the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Disturbance and harassment from increasing inshore leisure traffic and a fascinated public have been identified as potential threats to these large marine species. This concern is coupled with a legislative framework that is perceived to be less effective in protecting key species than it could be, and difficult to enforce. This study examined the extent of anthropogenic disturbance to a range of marine wildlife in inshore waters around …
Factors Influencing The Seawater Solubility Of Aerosol Associated Trace Metals, Angela Biscombe
Factors Influencing The Seawater Solubility Of Aerosol Associated Trace Metals, Angela Biscombe
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Recent recognition of the importance of trace metals in oceanic biogeochemical cycling and of the significance o f atmospheric trace metals inputs to marine waters, highlights the need to assess the dissolved trace metals inputs from atmospheric sources. Atmospheric inputs are important to the surface waters of the Eastern Mediterranean, due to the reduction of riverine inputs. High-volume aerosol samples were collected from Haifa, Israel and Erdemli, Turkey in 1996. These samples were characterised by air mass back trajectories, because contrasting aerosol sources (urban and crustal) are apparent in this region. Trace metal (Cu, Pb and Zn) seawater solubility studies …
Arsenic In The Pak Pa-Nang River Basin, Thailand, Saravuth Rattanachongkiat
Arsenic In The Pak Pa-Nang River Basin, Thailand, Saravuth Rattanachongkiat
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The Pak Pa-Nang River Basin is located in southern Thailand. Its environmental degradation has been arising because its catchment is mineralized with substantial deposits of tin forming part of the SE Asian Tin Belt, with the presence of arsenopyrite gives rise to high arsenic concentrations, mobilized during past mining activity. Suitable techniques have been developed, for the extraction of arsenic species in a variety of environmental and biological samples. Trypsin and cellulase enzymatic extraction procedures were used to extract arsenic species from fish and plant samples, respectively. Arsenic species in sediments were determined following 1 M H3P04 extraction in an …
New Strategies To Determine The Distribution Of Trace Elements In Soils And Sediments, Rebeca Santamaria-Fernandez
New Strategies To Determine The Distribution Of Trace Elements In Soils And Sediments, Rebeca Santamaria-Fernandez
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Sequential chemical extraction to fractionate metals in soils and sediments into different groups reflecting their "leachability" has been widely employed to determine distribution of metals in different physico-chemical phases. A large number of sequential extraction schemes have been reported, most of them modifications of Tessier's extraction protocol. Although this method has been widely accepted, it is important to highlight that sequential extraction procedures are often tedious and time consuming and that they also suffer from a number of limitations, such as the problem of achieving selective dissolution and the re-adsorption of trace metals during extraction. The objective of this study …
Amino Acids As Diagnostics Of Soil And Soil Water Quality, Jane Madge Bobart Hawkins
Amino Acids As Diagnostics Of Soil And Soil Water Quality, Jane Madge Bobart Hawkins
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Information on the contribution of amino acids to dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon exported from grassland soil is scarce. Evidence from the literature for other environments, suggests that determination of amino acid patterns of distribution may be a useful method for improved understanding of the interaction of microbial synthesis and degradation of organic N in conjunction with soil physical states. A sample pre-concentration technique and an HPLC methodology were developed that enabled the determination of dissolved free (DFAA) and combined (DCAA) amino acids in natural waters at picomolar concentration. These methods were used to examine the content of amino acids …
The Mobility And Speciation Of Antimony In Contaminated Soils And Waters, Martin James Nash
The Mobility And Speciation Of Antimony In Contaminated Soils And Waters, Martin James Nash
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Total element concentrations, solid state partitioning and leaching characteristics of antimony are examined in surface soils at two contrasting field sites contaminated by former mining activities. These parameters are compared in each soil and related to selected soil properties and leachant solution pH to identify factors that influence the mobilisation of antimony in soils. Total element concentrations are determined in soils using an evaluated Mg(N03)2 ashing technique and highly elevated concentrations (up to 8202 mg kgˉ¹ antimony) are measured in soils formed on the surface of spoil heaps at these sites. A stream system bisects a spoil heap at one …
The Development Of Diatom-Nutrient Palaeolimnological Inference Models For Uk Lowland Reservoirs, Amy Burgess
The Development Of Diatom-Nutrient Palaeolimnological Inference Models For Uk Lowland Reservoirs, Amy Burgess
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Deterioration of UK lowland reservoir water quality through cultural eutrophication is of concern for both water supply and conservation. This study represents the first attempt to develop diatom-based palaeolimnological inference models for the assessment of eutrophication in UK lowland reservoirs. Models are developed from a 46-reservoir calibration set comprising surface sediment diatom assemblages and contemporary environmental data measured seasonally between May 1999 and October 2000. Following removal of outliers the dataset spans a total phosphorus (TP) gradient of 12-242 µgl ˉ¹ (mean = 63), a chlorophyll-α (Chla) gradient of 1.8-25.5 µgl ˉ¹ (mean = 63) and a conductivity (EC) gradient …
Recovery Of The Mersey Estuary From Metal Contamination, Sarah Jane Watts
Recovery Of The Mersey Estuary From Metal Contamination, Sarah Jane Watts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The Mersey Estuary has received significant quantities of industrial wastes and sewage over several decades. Although contaminant loads are reducing and the estuary is showing signs of recovery, the sediment reservoir remains a repository of historical contamination and still contains high concentrations of trace metals and organic compounds. A combination of hydrodynamic, sedimentary and geochemical processes are responsible for maintaining trace metal concentrations at present-day levels. The distributions of trace metals in bed sediments reflect changes in granulometry, differences in POC content and the magnitude of past inputs rather than the locations of point sources in the estuary. The association …