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Developmental Timing In Aquatic Embryos: Linking Intraspecific Heterochrony And Evolution, Oliver Tills
Developmental Timing In Aquatic Embryos: Linking Intraspecific Heterochrony And Evolution, Oliver Tills
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The main aim of this thesis is to understand the extent to which intraspecific variation in developmental event timing might provide the raw material from which heterochronies may originate. To this end I studied the timing of a suite of both morphological and physiological events in the embryonic development of Radix balthica, a species of aquatic snail known to exhibit event timing variation during the embryonic period (Tills et al. 2010; Rundle et al. 2011) and that sits within an evolutionary clade, in which extensive heterochrony has been documented (Smirthwaite et al. 2007). I found that variation in embryonic developmental …
Mechanisms By Which Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy May Resolve Inflammation In Chronic Wounds, Anwar J Al-Mzaiel
Mechanisms By Which Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy May Resolve Inflammation In Chronic Wounds, Anwar J Al-Mzaiel
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is the intermittent inhalation of 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute. It is an effective treatment for various inflammatory conditions, including chronic wounds which are characterized by an excessive influx of neutrophils and their prolonged persistence at the wound site. Neutrophil apoptosis and clearance have been shown to be required for resolution of inflammation. The mechanisms by which HBO aids wound healing are well documented, but its effects on cellular inflammatory response are not well understood particularly with respect to neutrophils. The hypothesis presented in this thesis is that increased oxygenation via …
The Effects Of Oxygen And Reactive Oxygen Species On Antibiotic Resistance And Microbial Communities In Chronic Wounds, Lindsey Glew
The Effects Of Oxygen And Reactive Oxygen Species On Antibiotic Resistance And Microbial Communities In Chronic Wounds, Lindsey Glew
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Infection is one of the factors that may contribute to non-healing of chronic wounds; the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria serves to exacerbate the problem due to limited treatment options. Bacteria utilise several mechanisms to survive exposure to antibiotics, including synthesis of deactivating enzymes, target modification or substitution, changes to membrane permeability, upregulation of efflux pumps and the formation of a biofilm. Quorum sensing is a density-dependent mechanism of bacterial cell to cell communication that can be instrumental in co-ordinating biofilm initiation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an option offered to some patients with chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers. …
An Investigation Of The Mechanism(S) Of Hyperoxia-Induced Cilial Epithelial Loss In Mammalian Bronchial Tissue, Hanady Abd Al-Sahib
An Investigation Of The Mechanism(S) Of Hyperoxia-Induced Cilial Epithelial Loss In Mammalian Bronchial Tissue, Hanady Abd Al-Sahib
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Hyperoxia is an essential aid to life support in patients with severe respiratory failure. However, it is recognised as a contributor to the pathological consequences of oxidative stress including oxidative tissue damage, inflammation and cell death resulting in acute or chronic lung injury. The specific mechanisms behind this type of injury are still not completely understood. This study was undertaken with two main aims. Firstly, to evaluate the adverse effects of hyperoxia on the ciliary coverage using a novel large animal model. For the first time, an in vitro bronchus bovine tissue culture model was developed and used to quantify …
Energy Based Control System Designs For Underactuated Robot Fish Propulsion, Daniel Roper
Energy Based Control System Designs For Underactuated Robot Fish Propulsion, Daniel Roper
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
In nature through millions of years of evolution fish and cetaceans have developed fast efficient and highly manoeuvrable methods of marine propulsion. A recent explosion in demand for sub sea robotics, for conducting tasks such as sub sea exploration and survey has left developers desiring to capture some of the novel mechanisms evolved by fish and cetaceans to increase the efficiency of speed and manoeuvrability of sub sea robots. Research has revealed that interactions with vortices and other unsteady fluid effects play a significant role in the efficiency of fish and cetaceans. However attempts to duplicate this with robotic fish …
Predictable Feeding In Zoos: Research Methods And Behavioural Effects, Joanna Newbolt
Predictable Feeding In Zoos: Research Methods And Behavioural Effects, Joanna Newbolt
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The behaviour of zoo animals can come to anticipate temporally predictable feeding times. However, there is a lack of consensus over the effects of such routines on behaviour and welfare. Few studies have been published in this area, perhaps in part due to methodological challenges. The current programme of work therefore aimed to extend knowledge on the effect of predictable feeding routines, and to develop a suitable methodology to overcome challenges. Prior to predictable feeding, tigers showed patterns of increased ‘active’ behaviours such as locomotion and pacing, and decreased inactivity. Geckos also showed increased ‘active’ behaviours such as locomotion and …
Defining Neurochemical Properties And Functions Of Primary Sensory Neurons In The Rat Trigeminal Ganglion, Joceline Triner
Defining Neurochemical Properties And Functions Of Primary Sensory Neurons In The Rat Trigeminal Ganglion, Joceline Triner
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The trigeminal ganglion (TG) is a complex sensory structure and multiple lines of evidence suggest that significant differences exist in anatomical, neurochemical and physiological properties between it and its equivalent structure in the somatosensory system, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). This is likely to be a reflection, first on the unique areas of tissue innervation of the TG and second, on the unusual responses to injury which give rise to distinct pain symptoms such as toothache, migraine and temporomandibular joint disorders. In an attempt to address this disparity in knowledge, we have carried out an in-depth in vivo study investigating …
Mesofaunal Recolonisation Of Degraded Soils, Jennifer Williams
Mesofaunal Recolonisation Of Degraded Soils, Jennifer Williams
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The degradation of soil quality due to anthropogenic causes is globally important, both in terms of ecosystem services and ecological biodiversity. Soil quality reduction is stated to be detrimental for population densities and species diversity of soil invertebrates, including the mesofauna (Acari and Collembola). Within the soil food web, mesofauna occupy several trophic levels and as such facilitate nutrient turnover, fulfilling vital ecosystem functions and services. Understanding soil invertebrate population dynamics not only during degradation, but equally upon ecosystem restoration, is vital to identify possible losses or benefits to healthy ecosystem functioning. Prior to this investigation the Highfield site, Rothamsted …
Cymodocea Nodosa As A Bioindicator Of Coastal Habitat Quality: An Integrative Approach From Organism To Community Scale., Vasillis Papathanasiou
Cymodocea Nodosa As A Bioindicator Of Coastal Habitat Quality: An Integrative Approach From Organism To Community Scale., Vasillis Papathanasiou
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has encouraged considerable research on the development of water quality bioindicators. Seagrasses, that are highly sensitive to direct and indirect anthropogenic stress, and specified as quality elements from the WFD, have been at the center of this effort. In this study the use of Cymodocea nodosa, a widely distributed angiosperm in the Mediterranean Sea, as a bioindicator of anthropogenic stress was tested. Key biotic features of two meadows growing in locations of contrasting ecological status in the N. Aegean Sea, Greece, were sampled and analysed following a hierarchical designed approach. Plants from the degraded …
An Investigation Into The Effects Of Traditional Neuromuscular Training Vs Rider Specific Training On Novice Rider Position, Eleanor Boden
An Investigation Into The Effects Of Traditional Neuromuscular Training Vs Rider Specific Training On Novice Rider Position, Eleanor Boden
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The equine industry and within it, the competition rider community, is increasingly acknowledging that rider strength and fitness is vital in achieving the best results in competition. The sport of horse riding is described as unique in its posture and motion patterns and cannot be easily be compared to the actions of any other athletic endeavour. There are several factors that cause a horse to not move correctly, the most common being an unbalanced rider. Other sporting disciplines are more aware of the potential of the utilisation of additional methods to improve performance, for example Pilates is commonly used to …
Long-Chain Fatty Acids And Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Pancreatic Beta-Cells: The Role Of Protein Kinase R (Pkr), Angie Cooper
Long-Chain Fatty Acids And Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Pancreatic Beta-Cells: The Role Of Protein Kinase R (Pkr), Angie Cooper
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health-care and economic burden. Obesity is a risk factor for developing T2D, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. However, mechanisms such as lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation are becoming increasingly well-recognised in obesity, and may underlie the development and progression of T2D. A central player in these mechanisms is Protein Kinase R (PKR), proposed to have a role within nutrient- and pathogen-sensing pathways, and is activated by ER stress and lipotoxicity. A small molecule inhibitor Compound-16, adenoviral vectors and RNAi techniques in BRIN-BD11 rodent pancreatic β-cells, were used to …
The Effects Of Ageing, Individual Differences And Limited Resources On Consumer Decision Making, Jennifer Marie Kerss
The Effects Of Ageing, Individual Differences And Limited Resources On Consumer Decision Making, Jennifer Marie Kerss
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
This thesis presents six original experiments investigating the relationship between age-related gains and losses in cognitive and emotional abilities and consumer decision making. Novel tasks designed to closely resemble real consumer decisions were used to assess how older and younger adults fare when making everyday decisions. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the relationship between consumer decision making and measures of fluid intelligence, crystallised intelligence and numeric ability in older and younger adults. The data revealed that numeric ability and fluid intelligence independently predicted consumer decision making in older adults. In Experiment 1, participants made factual and inferential decisions about utility …
Interactions Between Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Macrophages In Oral Pathology, Louise A Belfield
Interactions Between Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Macrophages In Oral Pathology, Louise A Belfield
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Macrophages play a fundamental role in driving both inflammatory and immunosuppressive conditions of the oral mucosa. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, is widely prevalent, affecting a large proportion of the global population, and has been linked to the development of systemic inflammatory diseases. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is placed sixth in the WHO rankings of cancer incidence worldwide, and despite continuing research into underlying mechanisms, incidence is on the rise. Aberrant macrophage function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. On recruitment to sites of inflammation, macrophages become polarised within …
Investigation Of Baroclinic Tides In The Northern South China Sea, Chuncheng Guo
Investigation Of Baroclinic Tides In The Northern South China Sea, Chuncheng Guo
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Baroclinic tides result from the interaction of barotropic tides with topography in stratified oceans. They play an important role in driving deep ocean mixing. In this research, investigations of the dynamics of baroclinic tides and internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) are conducted, mainly by means of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Firstly, simulations of internal wave generation at the Luzon Strait (LS) are carried out. By conducting three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution experiments, it was found that the generated wave field features a multi-modal structure: large, pronounced ISWs of first mode (amplitude …
The Dynamics Of Suspended Particles In A Seasonally Stratified Coastal Sea, Jaimie Cross
The Dynamics Of Suspended Particles In A Seasonally Stratified Coastal Sea, Jaimie Cross
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
A comprehensive investigation into the relationship between physical forcing and sus- pended particles in the shallow shelf region of the Western English Channel has been conducted, in order to evaluate the temporal dynamics of suspended particle populations. Measurements were taken across tidal cycles and seasons at station L4, part of the Western Channel Observatory (WCO), using the combination of a free-fall microstructure profiler and holographic imaging. Confirmation that L4 is weakly stratified is given, and that the formation of the seasonal thermocline is substantially altered by the spring-neap cy- cle. Stratification is variable and prone to periodic and partial erosion …
The Hybronaut And The Umwelt: Wearable Technology As Artistic Strategy, Laura Maria Beloff
The Hybronaut And The Umwelt: Wearable Technology As Artistic Strategy, Laura Maria Beloff
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
This dissertation explores the use of irony in networked wearable technology art as a strategy to emphasise the complexity of conjunction between techno-organic human and the techno-organic world. The research addresses the relationship between technologically enhanced human and networked hybrid environment, and speculates on the impact of technological enhancements to the subjective construction of Umwelt through ironic interventions. The project employs both artistic practice and critical theory. The practice-based part of the dissertation is comprised of three wearable technology artworks produced during the study. These concrete artefacts employ irony as a means to expose the techno-organic relationship between humans and …
Toward A Female Clown Practice: Transgression, Archetype And Myth, Margaret J Irving
Toward A Female Clown Practice: Transgression, Archetype And Myth, Margaret J Irving
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
Women who learn to clown within Western contemporary theatre and performance training lack recognizably female exemplars of this popular art form. This practice-as-research thesis analyses my past and present clowning experiences in order to create an understanding of a woman-centered clown practice which allows for the expression of material bodies and lived experiences. It offers a feminist perspective on Jacques Lecoq’s pedagogy, which revolves around a notion of an ‘inner clown’ and is prevalent in contemporary UK clown training and practice. The thesis draws on both the avant-garde and numerous clown types and archetypes, in order to understand clowning as …
Diffracting Representation: Towards A Situated Aesthetics Of Technospaces, Federica Timeto
Diffracting Representation: Towards A Situated Aesthetics Of Technospaces, Federica Timeto
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
My research for this thesis focusses on the concepts of representation and space in order to demonstrate their theoretical and practical co-implications. Discussing various theorists of space in the first part and analyzing a number of artists and artworks as case studies in the second part, I elaborate a critique of the representational imaginary in order to articulate an alternative notion of representation by means of which a relational, qualitative and performative spatiality can emerge. I specifically focus on technospaces, which I consider a privileged field for observing the intersections of representation and spatiality; it is a field in which …
The Sampling Of Bodily Sound In Contemporary Composition: Towards An Embodied Analysis, Stacey Sewell
The Sampling Of Bodily Sound In Contemporary Composition: Towards An Embodied Analysis, Stacey Sewell
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
The listener’s experience as an embodied subject is at the centre of this work. Embodied experience forms the basis for analyses of three contemporary compositions that sample bodily sound, in order to question how such works represent and mediate the body. The possible applications of this embodied methodology are illustrated through three case studies: Crackers by Christof Migone (2001), A Chance to Cut is a Chance to Cure by Matmos (2001) and Ground Techniques (2009) by Neil Luck. The findings of each analysis are placed within discussion of critical and theoretical concerns related to the (re)presentation, mediation and manipulation of …
Borders And Objects: Representing The Geopolitical In New World Art Histories, 1990-2010, Fang-Lin Hou
Borders And Objects: Representing The Geopolitical In New World Art Histories, 1990-2010, Fang-Lin Hou
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
Several contemporary art historians have been interested in exploring how their discipline could respond to the increasing globalisation of knowledge and information by encompassing global perspectives into the methodologies that underpin their approaches to art historiography. This dissertation aims to explore how, in developing their new approaches to world art history, they have drawn on a range of natural and social sciences, thus enabling their work to be placed in a wider social, political and indeed global context. While their individual approaches are many and varied it is important to identify commonalities between them so as to highlight unifying approaches …
Collecting En Route: An Exploration Of The Ethnographic Collection Of Gertrude Emily Benham, Catherine Cummings
Collecting En Route: An Exploration Of The Ethnographic Collection Of Gertrude Emily Benham, Catherine Cummings
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
In the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century the collecting of objects from colonized countries and their subsequent display in western museums was widespread throughout Western Europe. How and why these collections were made, the processes of collection, and by whom, has only recently begun to be addressed. This thesis is an exploration of the ethnographic collection of Gertrude Emily Benham (1867-1938) who made eight voyages independently around the world from 1904 until 1938, during which time she amassed a collection of approximately eight hundred objects, which she donated to Plymouth City …
Genetic Transformation Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea Var.Botrytis) Using Agrobacterium Tumefaciens As A Vector For Improved Stress Resistance, Fadil Al-Swedi
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Genetic transformation of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector for improved stress resistance. Fadil Al-Swedi Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is described as a recalcitrant plant to genetic transformation processes especially Agrobacterium-mediated and as an extremely low frequency event then it requires a large amount of explants for this procedure to succeed. This thesis describes the development and refinement of a mass propagation system for cauliflower micropropagation and its use for overcoming recalcitrance to genetic transformation. Shoot meristematic tissue was taken from the curd of cauliflower and used to establish in-vitro cultures in liquid medium. Explants …
Allelopathic Potential Of The Invasive Alien Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens Glandulifera Royle), Owen Peter Smith
Allelopathic Potential Of The Invasive Alien Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens Glandulifera Royle), Owen Peter Smith
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Investigations were carried out into the allelopathic potential of the invasive alien annual Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) using a series of bioassays, including ones developed or adapted for this study. They were evaluated for their suitability to detect three of the four main modes of allelochemical release, namely leaching, exudation and decomposition. Assays which involved the measurement of lettuce radicles and hypocotyls gave reliable results and allowed a range of different Impatiens material, both living and dead, to be assessed and ranked according to the allelopathic effects demonstrated. Attempts were made to isolate resource competition from allelopathy using separately …
Histopathological Effects Of Metal And Metalic Nanoparticles On The Body Systems Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Genan Adnan Al-Bairuty
Histopathological Effects Of Metal And Metalic Nanoparticles On The Body Systems Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Genan Adnan Al-Bairuty
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Histopathology studies of metal nanoparticles (NPs) compared to traditional forms of metal in fish are scarce. Additionally, it is unclear whether metal nanoparticles cause greater or different pathologies compared to other forms of metal. The current study aimed to assess the pathological effects of Cu-NPs and TiO2 NPs on rainbow trout via various routes of exposure and, where appropriate, to compare them to either the equivalent dissolved metal salts or bulk powder forms. The first experiment showed that waterborne exposure to Cu-NPs and CuSO4 caused similar types of organ pathologies and alteration in the spleen content, however there were some …
A Comparison Of Carbon Sequestration Potential And Photosynthetic Efficiency In Evergreen And Deciduous Oaks Growing In Contrasting Environments In The Southwest Uk, Demelza Carne
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Global climate change is predicted to alter the weather patterns around the world, as climatic zones shift, forest carbon sequestration projects (e.g. the UK woodland carbon code) need to take into account the specific requirements of planted species. In the UK, oaks are an important charismatic group of trees favoured in recent planting programmes. The English oak (Quercus robur L.), has poor water conservation, but is a major component of natural forests in lowland UK. On the other hand, Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) is a Mediterranean oak that has high water conservation and can also tolerate cold despite being …
Bodies, Emotions And Tourism: A Study Of Costa Cruises Commercials, Mariangela Albano, Gaetano Sabato
Bodies, Emotions And Tourism: A Study Of Costa Cruises Commercials, Mariangela Albano, Gaetano Sabato
Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice
Nowadays, tourism industry proposes different opportunities to live a vacation where the body is the main interest and the central focus of experience. Each form of tourism shows a particular universe of representation of the body and a corresponding emotional language. In this context, where bodies and spaces are associated and reciprocally constructed as symbolic languages for the benefit of the tourist’s extraordinary experience, cruise tourism is an interesting case in point to analyze above all because on cruises, people use the space of the ship in different ways and, at the same time, following general corporeal and spatial schemes. …
The Use Of Silver Nanoparticles As An Antifungal Coating On Silicone Facial Prosthesis, Zhala Meran
The Use Of Silver Nanoparticles As An Antifungal Coating On Silicone Facial Prosthesis, Zhala Meran
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Abstract Introduction Maxillofacial prostheses are used to substitute lost facial parts, but give variable clinical results due to complications such as contamination and infection. Candida albicans infection remains a significant problem for facial prostheses made of silicone, as the organism causes degradation of the material and infection of the surrounding tissue. This study investigated the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a coating on silicone facial prostheses to eliminate infection. Methods The experimental approach used fibroblast cell cultures to test the biocompatibility of Ag NPs and to demonstrate the safety of Ag NPs compared to AgNO3 at concentrations …
The Assessment Of Selected Novel Feed Ingredients To Replace Fishmeal On The Nutrition And Health Status Of Ornamental Fish, Rawling Mark
The Assessment Of Selected Novel Feed Ingredients To Replace Fishmeal On The Nutrition And Health Status Of Ornamental Fish, Rawling Mark
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Four investigations were conducted to assess the effects of feeding selected novel feed ingredients on the nutrition and health status of ornamental fish. Each dietary ingredient was assessed by determining the effects on growth performance, feed utilisation, haematological status, serological status and immuno-competence of mirror carp, a model ornamental fish species. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding a tropical earthworm meal (Perionyx escavatus) and soybean meal on the haemato-immunological response and growth performance of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed diets for a total of 88 days, fishmeal served as the main protein source …
Learning, Self-Organisation And Homeostasis In Spiking Neuron Networks Using Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity, James Humble
Learning, Self-Organisation And Homeostasis In Spiking Neuron Networks Using Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity, James Humble
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Spike-timing dependent plasticity is a learning mechanism used extensively within neural modelling. The learning rule has been shown to allow a neuron to find the onset of a spatio-temporal pattern repeated among its afferents. In this thesis, the first question addressed is ‘what does this neuron learn?’ With a spiking neuron model and linear prediction, evidence is adduced that the neuron learns two components: (1) the level of average background activity and (2) specific spike times of a pattern. Taking advantage of these findings, a network is developed that can train recognisers for longer spatio-temporal input signals using spike-timing dependent …
Mood, Emotive Content, And Reasoning, Daniel Zahra
Mood, Emotive Content, And Reasoning, Daniel Zahra
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Mood, Emotive Content, and Reasoning - Daniel Zahra Theories of how individuals reason, and how they experience emotion abound in the psychological literature; yet, despite the common lay-theories of how emotions might affect a person’s reasoning, very little empirical work has been conducted on this relationship. The current thesis addresses this knowledge-gap by first distilling from the literature two classes of emotion theory; Information, and Load; and then systematically testing the explanatory power of these theories. A dual-process framework is employed in order to define low (Type One) and high effort (Type Two) strategies. Information theories predict that negative emotion …