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Articles 5131 - 5160 of 6794
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Evolutionary Operating Systems, Ml Phillips
Evolutionary Operating Systems, Ml Phillips
School of Art, Design and Architecture
No abstract provided.
A Written Self-Help Intervention For Depressed Adults Comparing Behavioural Activation Combined With Physical Activity Promotion With A Self-Help Intervention Based Upon Behavioural Activation Alone: Study Protocol For A Parallel Group Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial (Bacpac)., Paul Farrand, Claire Pentecost, Colin Greaves, Rs Taylor, Fiona Warren, Colin Green, Melvyn Hillsdon, Phil Evans, Jo Welsman, Ah Taylor
A Written Self-Help Intervention For Depressed Adults Comparing Behavioural Activation Combined With Physical Activity Promotion With A Self-Help Intervention Based Upon Behavioural Activation Alone: Study Protocol For A Parallel Group Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial (Bacpac)., Paul Farrand, Claire Pentecost, Colin Greaves, Rs Taylor, Fiona Warren, Colin Green, Melvyn Hillsdon, Phil Evans, Jo Welsman, Ah Taylor
Peninsula Medical School
BACKGROUND: Challenges remain to find ways to support patients with depression who have low levels of physical activity (PA) to overcome perceived barriers and enhance the perceived value of PA for preventing future relapse. There is an evidence-base for behavioural activation (BA) for depression, which focuses on supporting patients to restore activities that have been avoided, but practitioners have no specific training in promoting PA. We aimed to design and evaluate an integrated BA and PA (BAcPAc) practitioner-led, written, self-help intervention to enhance both physical and mental health. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is informed by the Medical Research Council Complex Intervention …
A Simple And Effective Method For High Quality Co-Extraction Of Genomic Dna And Total Rna From Low Biomass Ectocarpus Siliculosus, The Model Brown Alga, M Greco, Ca Sáez, Mt Brown, Mb Bitonti
A Simple And Effective Method For High Quality Co-Extraction Of Genomic Dna And Total Rna From Low Biomass Ectocarpus Siliculosus, The Model Brown Alga, M Greco, Ca Sáez, Mt Brown, Mb Bitonti
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The brown seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus is an emerging model species distributed worldwide in temperate coastal ecosystems. Over 1500 strains of E. siliculosus are available in culture from a broad range of geographic locations and ecological niches. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its capacity to cope with different environmental and biotic stressors, genomic and transcriptomic studies are necessary; this requires the co-isolation of genomic DNA and total RNA. In brown algae, extraction of nucleic acids is hindered by high concentrations of secondary metabolites that co-precipitate with nucleic acids. Here, we propose a reliable, rapid and cost-effective procedure for the co-isolation …
Identifying The Provenance Of Leach's Storm Petrels In The North Atlantic Using Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures Derived From Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry., David Megson, Thomas A. Brown, Glenn W. Johnson, Gwen O'Sullivan, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Stephen C. Votier, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold
Identifying The Provenance Of Leach's Storm Petrels In The North Atlantic Using Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures Derived From Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry., David Megson, Thomas A. Brown, Glenn W. Johnson, Gwen O'Sullivan, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Stephen C. Votier, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
PCB signatures can be used for source identification, exposure studies, age dating and bio-monitoring. This study uses comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToFMS) to produce a PCB signature comprised of over 80 PCBs for individual Leach's storm petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). The Leach's storm petrel is a relatively small, elusive, understudied pelagic bird, which only returns to remote islands under darkness during the breeding season. Samples were obtained from 25 Leach's storm petrels found dead in Canada and the UK following storm events in 2006 and 2009. Tissue samples were extracted and analysed by GCxGC-ToFMS and results showed …
Can Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Identification Of Bicyclic Aromatic Acids In Petroleum Fractions Help To Reveal Further Details Of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biotransformation Pathways?, Charles E. West, Jos Pureveen, Alan G. Scarlett, Sabine K. Lengger, Michael J. Wilde, Frans Korndorffer, Erik W. Tegelaar, Steven J. Rowland
Can Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Identification Of Bicyclic Aromatic Acids In Petroleum Fractions Help To Reveal Further Details Of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biotransformation Pathways?, Charles E. West, Jos Pureveen, Alan G. Scarlett, Sabine K. Lengger, Michael J. Wilde, Frans Korndorffer, Erik W. Tegelaar, Steven J. Rowland
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
RATIONALE: The identification of key acid metabolites ('signature' metabolites) has allowed significant improvements to be made in our understanding of the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, in reservoir and in contaminated natural systems, such as aquifers and seawater. On this basis, anaerobic oxidation is now more widely accepted as one viable mechanism, for instance. However, identification of metabolites in the complex acid mixtures from petroleum degradation is challenging and would benefit from use of more highly resolving analytical methods. METHODS: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) with both nominal mass and accurate mass measurement was used to study the complex …
The Bactericidal Effect Of Dendritic Copper Microparticles, Contained In An Alginate Matrix, On Escherichia Coli, Sf Thomas, P Rooks, F Rudin, S Atkinson, Et Al
The Bactericidal Effect Of Dendritic Copper Microparticles, Contained In An Alginate Matrix, On Escherichia Coli, Sf Thomas, P Rooks, F Rudin, S Atkinson, Et Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Although the bactericidal effect of copper has been known for centuries, there is a current resurgence of interest in the use of this element as an antimicrobial agent. During this study the use of dendritic copper microparticles embedded in an alginate matrix as a rapid method for the deactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 was investigated. The copper/alginate produced a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration from free copper powder dispersed in the media from 0.25 to 0.065 mg/ml. Beads loaded with 4% Cu deactivated 99.97% of bacteria after 90 minutes, compared to a 44.2% reduction in viability in the …
An Early Cambrian Agglutinated Tubular Lophophorate With Brachiopod Characters., Z-F Zhang, G. X. Li, L. E. Holmer, G. A. Brock, U. Balthasar, C. B. Skovsted, D. J. Fu, X-L Zhang, H. Z. Wang, A. Butler, Z-L Zhang, C. Q. Cao, J. Han, J. N. Liu, D. G. Shu
An Early Cambrian Agglutinated Tubular Lophophorate With Brachiopod Characters., Z-F Zhang, G. X. Li, L. E. Holmer, G. A. Brock, U. Balthasar, C. B. Skovsted, D. J. Fu, X-L Zhang, H. Z. Wang, A. Butler, Z-L Zhang, C. Q. Cao, J. Han, J. N. Liu, D. G. Shu
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The morphological disparity of lophotrochozoan phyla makes it difficult to predict the morphology of the last common ancestor. Only fossils of stem groups can help discover the morphological transitions that occurred along the roots of these phyla. Here, we describe a tubular fossil Yuganotheca elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Yunnan, China) that exhibits an unusual combination of phoronid, brachiopod and tommotiid (Cambrian problematica) characters, notably a pair of agglutinated valves, enclosing a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, supported by a lower bipartite tubular attachment structure with a long pedicle with coelomic space. The terminal bulb of …
The Affordance-Matching Hypothesis: How Objects Guide Action Understanding And Prediction, P Bach, T Nicholson, M Hudson
The Affordance-Matching Hypothesis: How Objects Guide Action Understanding And Prediction, P Bach, T Nicholson, M Hudson
School of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Tidal Energy Conversion In A Global Hot Spot: On The 3-D Dynamics Of Baroclinic Tides At The Celtic Sea Shelf Break, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk, Mark E. Inall, Joanne E. Hopkins
Tidal Energy Conversion In A Global Hot Spot: On The 3-D Dynamics Of Baroclinic Tides At The Celtic Sea Shelf Break, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk, Mark E. Inall, Joanne E. Hopkins
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Globally, the Celtic Sea shelf break is ranked highest as an energetic "hot spot" of tidal energy conversion, therefore making it the most significant contributor to global internal tidal energy flux. In this paper, the three-dimensional dynamics of baroclinic tides in the shelf-slope area of the Celtic Sea was investigated numerically and using observational data collected on the 376th cruise of the RV "RRS Discovery" in June 2012. The time series recorded at a shelf break mooring showed that semidiurnal internal waves were accompanied by packets of internal solitary waves with maximum amplitudes up to 105 m, the largest internal …
Stress Exposure In Early Post-Natal Life Reduces Telomere Length: An Experimental Demonstration In A Long-Lived Seabird, Katherine A. Herborn, Britt J. Heidinger, Winnie Boner, Jose C. Noguera, Aileen Adam, Francis Daunt, Pat Monaghan
Stress Exposure In Early Post-Natal Life Reduces Telomere Length: An Experimental Demonstration In A Long-Lived Seabird, Katherine A. Herborn, Britt J. Heidinger, Winnie Boner, Jose C. Noguera, Aileen Adam, Francis Daunt, Pat Monaghan
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Exposure to stressors early in life is associated with faster ageing and reduced longevity. One important mechanism that could underlie these late life effects is increased telomere loss. Telomere length in early post-natal life is an important predictor of subsequent lifespan, but the factors underpinning its variability are poorly understood. Recent human studies have linked stress exposure to increased telomere loss. These studies have of necessity been non-experimental and are consequently subjected to several confounding factors; also, being based on leucocyte populations, where cell composition is variable and some telomere restoration can occur, the extent to which these effects extend …
Uptake Of Different Crystal Structures Of Tio₂ Nanoparticles By Caco-2 Intestinal Cells., C Gitrowski, Ar Al-Jubory, Rd Handy
Uptake Of Different Crystal Structures Of Tio₂ Nanoparticles By Caco-2 Intestinal Cells., C Gitrowski, Ar Al-Jubory, Rd Handy
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The gastrointestinal uptake of different crystal structures of TiO2 was investigated using Caco-2 intestinal cells. Caco-2 monolayers exhibited time-dependent, saturable uptake of Ti from TiO2 exposures of 1 mgl(-1) over 24h, which was influenced by crystal type. Initial uptake rates were 5.3, 3.73, 3.58 and 4.48 nmol mg(-1)protein h(-1) for bulk, P25, anatase and rutile forms respectively. All exposures caused elevations of Ti in the cells relative to the control (ANOVA P<0.05). Electron micrographs of the Caco-2 monolayer showed the presence of particles inside the cells, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition as TiO2. Incubating the cells with 120 IU nystatin (putative endocytosis inhibitor) or 100 μmol l(-1) vanadate (ATPase inhibitor) caused large increases in Ti accumulation for all crystal types relative to controls (ANOVA P<0.05), except for the rutile form with vanadate. Incubating the cells with 90 μmol l(-1) genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) or 27 μmol l(-1) chloropromazine (clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor) caused a large decrease in Ti accumulation relative to the controls (ANOVA P<0.05). Cell viability measures were generally good (low LDH leak, normal cell morphology), but there were some changes in the electrolyte composition (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)) of exposed cells relative to controls. A rise in total Ca(2+) concentration in the cells was observed for all TiO2 crystal type exposures. Overall, the data shows that Ti accumulation for TiO2 NP exposure in Caco-2 cells is crystal structure-dependent, and that the mechanism(s) involves endocytosis of intact particles.
Prioritized Optimal Control, A Del Prete, F Romano, L Natale, Et Al
Prioritized Optimal Control, A Del Prete, F Romano, L Natale, Et Al
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
This paper presents a new technique to control highly redundant mechanical systems, such as humanoid robots. We take inspiration from two approaches. Prioritized control is a widespread multi-task technique in robotics and animation: tasks have strict priorities and they are satisfied only as long as they do not conflict with any higher-priority task. Optimal control instead formulates an optimization problem whose solution is either a feedback control policy or a feedforward trajectory of control inputs. We introduce strict priorities in multi-task optimal control problems, as an alternative to weighting task errors proportionally to their importance. This ensures the respect of …
A Spiking Self-Organising Map Combining Stdp, Oscillations And Continuous Learning, Timothy Rumbell, Susan L. Denham, Thomas Wennekers
A Spiking Self-Organising Map Combining Stdp, Oscillations And Continuous Learning, Timothy Rumbell, Susan L. Denham, Thomas Wennekers
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
The Generation Of Antiphase Oscillations And Synchrony By A Rebound-Based Vertebrate Central Pattern Generator, W-C Li, R Merrison-Hort, H-Y Zhang, R Borisyuk
The Generation Of Antiphase Oscillations And Synchrony By A Rebound-Based Vertebrate Central Pattern Generator, W-C Li, R Merrison-Hort, H-Y Zhang, R Borisyuk
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Many neural circuits are capable of generating multiple stereotyped outputs after different sensory inputs or neuromodulation. We have previously identified the central pattern generator (CPG) for Xenopus tadpole swimming that involves antiphase oscillations of activity between the left and right sides. Here we analyze the cellular basis for spontaneous left–right motor synchrony characterized by simultaneous bursting on both sides at twice the swimming frequency. Spontaneous synchrony bouts are rare in most tadpoles, and they instantly emerge from and switch back to swimming, most frequently within the first second after skin stimulation. Analyses show that only neurons that are active during …
An Update: Improvements In Imaging Perfluorocarbon-Mounted Plant Leaves With Implications For Studies Of Plant Pathology, Physiology, Development And Cell Biology, George R. Littlejohn, Jessica C. Mansfield, Jacqueline T. Christmas, Eleanor Witterick, Mark D. Fricker, Murray R. Grant, Nicholas Smirnoff, Richard M. Everson, Julian Moger, John Love
An Update: Improvements In Imaging Perfluorocarbon-Mounted Plant Leaves With Implications For Studies Of Plant Pathology, Physiology, Development And Cell Biology, George R. Littlejohn, Jessica C. Mansfield, Jacqueline T. Christmas, Eleanor Witterick, Mark D. Fricker, Murray R. Grant, Nicholas Smirnoff, Richard M. Everson, Julian Moger, John Love
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Global Dissemination Of A Multidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli Clone., Nicola K. Petty, Zakour Nl Ben, Mitchell Stanton-Cook, Elizabeth Skippington, Makrina Totsika, Brian M. Forde, Minh Duy Phan, Moriel D Gomes, Kate M. Peters, Mark Davies, Benjamin A. Rogers, Gordon Dougan, Jesüs Rodriguez-Baño, Alvaro Pascual, Johann D.D. Pitout, Mathew Upton, David L. Paterson, Timothy R. Walsh, Mark A. Schembri, Scott A. Beatson
Global Dissemination Of A Multidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli Clone., Nicola K. Petty, Zakour Nl Ben, Mitchell Stanton-Cook, Elizabeth Skippington, Makrina Totsika, Brian M. Forde, Minh Duy Phan, Moriel D Gomes, Kate M. Peters, Mark Davies, Benjamin A. Rogers, Gordon Dougan, Jesüs Rodriguez-Baño, Alvaro Pascual, Johann D.D. Pitout, Mathew Upton, David L. Paterson, Timothy R. Walsh, Mark A. Schembri, Scott A. Beatson
School of Biomedical Sciences
Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a globally disseminated, multidrug resistant (MDR) clone responsible for a high proportion of urinary tract and bloodstream infections. The rapid emergence and successful spread of E. coli ST131 is strongly associated with several factors, including resistance to fluoroquinolones, high virulence gene content, the possession of the type 1 fimbriae FimH30 allele, and the production of the CTX-M-15 extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Here, we used genome sequencing to examine the molecular epidemiology of a collection of E. coli ST131 strains isolated from six distinct geographical locations across the world spanning 2000-2011. The global phylogeny …
Impaired Behavioural Response To Alarm Substance In Rainbow Trout Exposed To Copper Nanoparticles., T Sovová, D Boyle, Ka Sloman, Pérez C Vanegas, Rd Handy
Impaired Behavioural Response To Alarm Substance In Rainbow Trout Exposed To Copper Nanoparticles., T Sovová, D Boyle, Ka Sloman, Pérez C Vanegas, Rd Handy
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
To date, studies of the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in fish have not fully considered effects on olfactory-mediated behaviours, despite their ecological importance. In this study the effects of copper NPs (Cu NPs) on the anti-predator behavioural responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to trout alarm substance was investigated. Individual fish were exposed for 12h to a control (no added Cu), 50μgl(-1) of Cu as Cu NPs, or 50μgl(-1) Cu as CuSO4, after which fish behaviours were analyzed in 10min periods before and after the addition of the alarm substance stimulus. The response of control fish to deionised …
Fault Tolerant Navigation Of Usv Using Fuzzy Multi-Sensor Fusion, Wenwen Liu, Amit Motwani, Sanjay Sharma, Robert Sutton, Richard Bucknall
Fault Tolerant Navigation Of Usv Using Fuzzy Multi-Sensor Fusion, Wenwen Liu, Amit Motwani, Sanjay Sharma, Robert Sutton, Richard Bucknall
More Faculty of Science and Engineering Research
This report presents a fuzzy multi-sensor data fusion process forcombining heading estimates from three separate Kalman filters withthe aim of constructing a fault tolerant navigation system for theSpringer Uninhabited Surface Vehicle (USV). A single gyroscopic unitand three independent compasses are used to acquire data onboard thevessel. The inertial data from the gyroscope is combined in turn withthe readings from each compass via a separate Kalman filter (KF). Thethree ensuing KF estimates of the heading angle of the vehicle are thenfused via a fuzzy system designed to produce accurate headinginformation even in the face of a failure in one of the …
Can't Touch This: The First-Person Perspective Provides Privileged Access To Predictions Of Sensory Action Outcomes., P Bach, W Fenton-Adams, Sp Tipper
Can't Touch This: The First-Person Perspective Provides Privileged Access To Predictions Of Sensory Action Outcomes., P Bach, W Fenton-Adams, Sp Tipper
School of Psychology
Previous studies have shown that viewing others in pain activates cortical somatosensory processing areas and facilitates the detection of tactile targets. It has been suggested that such shared representations have evolved to enable us to better understand the actions and intentions of others. If this is the case, the effects of observing others in pain should be obtained from a range of viewing perspectives. Therefore, the current study examined the behavioral effects of observed grasps of painful and nonpainful objects from both a first- and third-person perspective. In the first-person perspective, a participant was faster to detect a tactile target …
Rab8 Binding To Immune Cell-Specific Adaptor Lax Facilitates Formation Of Trans-Golgi Network-Proximal Ctla-4 Vesicles For Surface Expression, Mc Banton, Kl Inder, E Valk, Ce Rudd, H Schneider
Rab8 Binding To Immune Cell-Specific Adaptor Lax Facilitates Formation Of Trans-Golgi Network-Proximal Ctla-4 Vesicles For Surface Expression, Mc Banton, Kl Inder, E Valk, Ce Rudd, H Schneider
School of Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Detailed Investigation Of Overwash On A Gravel Barrier, Ana Matias, Chris E. Blenkinsopp, Gerd Masselink
Detailed Investigation Of Overwash On A Gravel Barrier, Ana Matias, Chris E. Blenkinsopp, Gerd Masselink
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Morphodynamic Variability Of High-Energy Macrotidal Beaches, Cornwall, Uk, Tim Poate, Gerhard Masselink, Paul Russell, Martin Austin
Morphodynamic Variability Of High-Energy Macrotidal Beaches, Cornwall, Uk, Tim Poate, Gerhard Masselink, Paul Russell, Martin Austin
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Record Of Fossil Shallow-Water Whale Falls From Italy, S Danise, S Dominici
A Record Of Fossil Shallow-Water Whale Falls From Italy, S Danise, S Dominici
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Twenty-five Neogene-Quaternary whales hosted in Italian museum collections and their associated fauna were analysed for evidence of whale-fall community development in shallow-water settings. The degree of bone articulation, completeness of the skeleton and lithology of the embedding sediments were used to gather information on relative water depth, water energy, sedimentation rate and overall environmental predictability around the bones. Shark teeth and hard-shelled invertebrates with a necrophagous diet in close association with the bones were used as evidence of scavenging. Fossil bone bioerosion, microbially mediated cementation and other mollusc shells in the proximity of the remains informed on past biological activity …
Identification Of Genes Required By Bacillus Thuringiensis For Survival In Soil By Transposon-Directed Insertion Site Sequencing, Ah Bishop, Pa Rachwal, A Vaid
Identification Of Genes Required By Bacillus Thuringiensis For Survival In Soil By Transposon-Directed Insertion Site Sequencing, Ah Bishop, Pa Rachwal, A Vaid
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Transposon-directed insertion site sequencing was used to identify genes required by Bacillus thuringiensis to survive in non-axenic plant/soil microcosms. A total of 516 genetic loci fulfilled the criteria as conferring survival characteristics. Of these, 127 (24.6 %) were associated with uptake and transport systems; 227 loci (44.0 %) coded for enzymatic properties; 49 (9.5 %) were gene regulation or sensory loci; 40 (7.8 %) were structural proteins found in the cell envelope or had enzymatic activities related to it and 24 (4.7 %) were involved in the production of antibiotics or resistance to them. Eighty-three (16.1 %) encoded hypothetical proteins …
Seismic Anisotropy Of The Archean Crust In The Minnesota River Valley, Superior Province, Ec Ferré, A Gébelin, Ja Conder, Et Al
Seismic Anisotropy Of The Archean Crust In The Minnesota River Valley, Superior Province, Ec Ferré, A Gébelin, Ja Conder, Et Al
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Minnesota River Valley (MRV) subprovince is a well-exposed example of late Archean lithosphere. Its high-grade gneisses display a subhorizontal layering, most likely extending down to the crust-mantle boundary. The strong linear fabric of the gneisses results from high-temperature plastic flow during collage-related contraction. Seismic anisotropies measured up to 1 GPa in the laboratory, and seismic anisotropies calculated through forward-modeling indicate ΔVP ~5–6% and ΔVS ~3%. The MRV crust exhibits a strong macroscopic layering and foliation, and relatively strong seismic anisotropies at the hand specimen scale. Yet the horizontal attitude of these structures precludes any substantial contribution of the MRV …
Corrigendum To “Beta Adrenergic Blockade Reduces Utilitarian Judgment” [Biol. Psychol. 92 (2) (2013) 323–328], T Sylvia, K Guy, M Sarah, S Julian, Et Al
Corrigendum To “Beta Adrenergic Blockade Reduces Utilitarian Judgment” [Biol. Psychol. 92 (2) (2013) 323–328], T Sylvia, K Guy, M Sarah, S Julian, Et Al
School of Psychology
The authors regret that first and last names of all authors have been reversed. Authors are listed as follows: “Sylvia T, Guy K, Sarah M, Julian S, Neil L, Miles H, Cowen PJ”. The correct listing should be “Terbeck S, Kahane G, McTavish S, Savulescu J, Levy N, Hewstone M, Cowen, PJ”. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Extra- And Intra-Cellular Accumulation Of Platinum Group Elements By The Marine Microalga, Chlorella Stigmatophora., Leyla Shams, Andrew Turner, Geoffrey E. Millward, Murray T. Brown
Extra- And Intra-Cellular Accumulation Of Platinum Group Elements By The Marine Microalga, Chlorella Stigmatophora., Leyla Shams, Andrew Turner, Geoffrey E. Millward, Murray T. Brown
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
To better understand the marine biogeochemistry of the platinum group elements (PGE), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were added in combination and at ppb concentrations to cultures of the marine microalga, Chlorella stigmatophora, maintained in sea water at 15 °C and under 60 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR. The accumulation of PGE was established in short-term (24-h) exposures, and under varying conditions of algal biomass and PGE concentration, and in a longer-term exposure (156-h) by ICP-MS analysis of sea water and nitric acid digests and EDTA washes of the alga. In short-term exposures, and under all conditions, the extent of accumulation by …
Geographical Limits To Species-Range Shifts Are Suggested By Climate Velocity, Mt Burrows, Ds Schoeman, Aj Richardson, Jg Molinos, Et Al
Geographical Limits To Species-Range Shifts Are Suggested By Climate Velocity, Mt Burrows, Ds Schoeman, Aj Richardson, Jg Molinos, Et Al
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
The reorganization of patterns of species diversity driven by anthropogenic climate change, and the consequences for humans, are not yet fully understood or appreciated. Nevertheless, changes in climate conditions are useful for predicting shifts in species distributions at global and local scales. Here we use the velocity of climate change to derive spatial trajectories for climatic niches from 1960 to 2009 (ref. 7) and from 2006 to 2100, and use the properties of these trajectories to infer changes in species distributions. Coastlines act as barriers and locally cooler areas act as attractors for trajectories, creating source and sink areas for …
Ocean Acidification Impairs Vermetid Reef Recruitment., Marco Milazzo, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Vera Bin San Chan, Maoz Fine, Cinzia Alessi, Vengatesen Thiyagarajan, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Renato Chemello
Ocean Acidification Impairs Vermetid Reef Recruitment., Marco Milazzo, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Vera Bin San Chan, Maoz Fine, Cinzia Alessi, Vengatesen Thiyagarajan, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Renato Chemello
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Vermetids form reefs in sub-tropical and warm-temperate waters that protect coasts from erosion, regulate sediment transport and accumulation, serve as carbon sinks and provide habitat for other species. The gastropods that form these reefs brood encapsulated larvae; they are threatened by rapid environmental changes since their ability to disperse is very limited. We used transplant experiments along a natural CO2 gradient to assess ocean acidification effects on the reef-building gastropod Dendropoma petraeum. We found that although D. petraeum were able to reproduce and brood at elevated levels of CO2, recruitment success was adversely affected. Long-term exposure to acidified conditions predicted …
Optically Significant Particle Sizes In Seawater, Emlyn J. Davies, David Mckee, David Bowers, George W. Graham, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith
Optically Significant Particle Sizes In Seawater, Emlyn J. Davies, David Mckee, David Bowers, George W. Graham, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Small particles (<10 μm) are often considered to play the dominant role in controlling scattering and absorption due to their relatively large numbers, which are typically found in the ocean. Here we present an approach for quantifying the size range of particles that contribute significantly to bulk inherent optical properties. We present a numerical assessment of the variability in optically significant particle sizes for simplistic populations that conform to the assumptions of homogeneous, spherical particles, and power-law size distributions. We use numerical predictions from Mie theory to suggest minimum and maximum particle sizes required for accurate predictions and observations of ocean optics for different particle size distributions (PSDs). When considering observed ranges of PSDs, our predictions suggest the need for measurements of optical properties and particles to capture information from particle sizes between diameters of 0.05-2000 μm in order to properly constrain relationships between particles and their associated optical properties. Natural particle populations in the ocean may present more complex PSDs that could be analyzed using the method presented here to establish optically significant size classes.