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The Influence Of Exogenously Applied “Anti-Stress” Agents In The Upregulation Of The Drought Response In Iraqi Wheat Varieties, Fakhriya Mohammed Kareem Jan 2017

The Influence Of Exogenously Applied “Anti-Stress” Agents In The Upregulation Of The Drought Response In Iraqi Wheat Varieties, Fakhriya Mohammed Kareem

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops grown in the world. It has great importance because it constitutes a major source of carbohydrate for more than one third of the world’s population (Budak et al., 2013). In the last three decades, drought conditions are becoming more widespread in wheat production areas including Europe, Australia and Asia, and it is considered a major cause of reduced wheat growth and productivity in most developing countries with semi-arid climates. Drought constitutes the most important threat for wheat production in Iraq and especially for the Kurdistan Regional Governate …

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Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Sandy Beach Sediment Grain Size And Sorting, Sam Prodger Jan 2017

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Sandy Beach Sediment Grain Size And Sorting, Sam Prodger

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Beach grain size plays a major role in controlling beach slope and sediment transport rates and is a crucial criterion in selecting the appropriate fill material for beach nourishment. Yet, little is known about how and why beach grain size (and sorting) varies both spatially and temporally on high-energy sandy beaches. Therefore, in this PhD research project, the presence, magnitude and predictability of any spatio-temporal sediment variability was investigated on a number of contrasting high-energy (average significant wave height = 0.8 to 3.5 m), predominantly macrotidal (MSR = 3.1 – 6.2 m), sandy (0.26 – 0.64 mm) beach sites around …

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Nutrient Pumping By Submesoscale Circulations In The Mauritanian Upwelling System, P. J. Hosegood, P. D. Nightingale, A. P. Rees, C. E. Widdicombe, E. M.S. Woodward, D. R. Clark, R. J. Torres Jan 2017

Nutrient Pumping By Submesoscale Circulations In The Mauritanian Upwelling System, P. J. Hosegood, P. D. Nightingale, A. P. Rees, C. E. Widdicombe, E. M.S. Woodward, D. R. Clark, R. J. Torres

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Ocean Warming And Acidification On Rhodolith/Maërl Beds, Sophie Martin, Jason M. Hall-Spencer Jan 2017

Effects Of Ocean Warming And Acidification On Rhodolith/Maërl Beds, Sophie Martin, Jason M. Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Tracking The Amphibian Pathogens Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans Using A Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibody And Lateral-Flow Technology, Michael J. Dillon, Andrew E. Bowkett, Michael J. Bungard, Katie M. Beckman, Michelle F. O'Brien, Kieran Bates, Matthew C. Fisher, Jamie R. Stevens, Christopher R. Thornton Jan 2017

Tracking The Amphibian Pathogens Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans Using A Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibody And Lateral-Flow Technology, Michael J. Dillon, Andrew E. Bowkett, Michael J. Bungard, Katie M. Beckman, Michelle F. O'Brien, Kieran Bates, Matthew C. Fisher, Jamie R. Stevens, Christopher R. Thornton

Peninsula Medical School

The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes chytridiomycosis, a lethal epizootic disease of amphibians. Rapid identification of the pathogen and biosecurity is essential to prevent its spread, but current laboratory-based tests are time-consuming and require specialist equipment. Here, we describe the generation of an IgM monoclonal antibody (mAb), 5C4, specific to Bd as well as the related salamander and newt pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). The mAb, which binds to a glycoprotein antigen present on the surface of zoospores, sporangia and zoosporangia, was used to develop a lateral-flow assay (LFA) for rapid (15 min) detection of the pathogens. The LFA detects known …

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Realising The Full Potential Of Primary Care: Uniting The ‘Two Faces’ Of Generalism, Joanne Reeve, Richard Byng Jan 2017

Realising The Full Potential Of Primary Care: Uniting The ‘Two Faces’ Of Generalism, Joanne Reeve, Richard Byng

Peninsula Medical School

Faced with an unprecedented mismatch between presented health needs and resources available, we must rethink both how we deliver healthcare and what care we deliver. Work has already started on the ‘how’: notably with efforts to strengthen access and integration — improved coordination of the comprehensive care needed to meet a diverse range of needs.2 It is defining ‘what’ to deliver that is proving more challenging. To address emerging problems of over- and under-treatment associated with the undue specialisation of healthcare,3 we need to strengthen delivery of generalist medical care.4 This means that we need to bolster the capacity to …

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Suppression Of Mapk11 Or Hipk3 Reduces Mutant Huntingtin Levels In Huntington's Disease Models, Meng Yu, Yuhua Fu, Yijiang Liang, Haikun Song, Y Yao, Peng Wu, Y Yao, Yuyin Pan, Xue Wen, Lixiang Ma, Saiyin Hexige, Yu Ding, Shouqing Luo, Boxun Lu Jan 2017

Suppression Of Mapk11 Or Hipk3 Reduces Mutant Huntingtin Levels In Huntington's Disease Models, Meng Yu, Yuhua Fu, Yijiang Liang, Haikun Song, Y Yao, Peng Wu, Y Yao, Yuyin Pan, Xue Wen, Lixiang Ma, Saiyin Hexige, Yu Ding, Shouqing Luo, Boxun Lu

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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Pathophysiology Of Chronic Subdural Haematoma: Inflammation, Angiogenesis And Implications For Pharmacotherapy, Ellie Edlmann, Susan Giorgi-Coll, Peter C. Whitfield, Keri L.H. Carpenter, Peter J. Hutchinson Jan 2017

Pathophysiology Of Chronic Subdural Haematoma: Inflammation, Angiogenesis And Implications For Pharmacotherapy, Ellie Edlmann, Susan Giorgi-Coll, Peter C. Whitfield, Keri L.H. Carpenter, Peter J. Hutchinson

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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The Semiotics Of Minority Language Branding: A Study Of The Celtic Languages, J Tredinnick-Rowe Jan 2017

The Semiotics Of Minority Language Branding: A Study Of The Celtic Languages, J Tredinnick-Rowe

Peninsula Medical School

This paper investigates the role of minority language commodification in alcoholic drinks' branding, with a specific focus on Celtic languages and a particular emphasis on Cornish. The topic is introduced by exploring the ongoing and significant connection between language, culture and food, taking phrases and rhymes from historical sources and comparing their use. The aim is to establish cross-disciplinary synergies between semiotics and cultural analysis and to shed new light on marketing issues in the alcoholic drinks sector. The methodology section features the first ever analysis of alcoholic drinks' labels from four Celtic national minorities (N = 1.937) that illustrates …

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Global Proteome And Phosphoproteome Analysis Of Meningiomas., J Dunn, S Ferluga, E Lasonder, O Hanemann Jan 2017

Global Proteome And Phosphoproteome Analysis Of Meningiomas., J Dunn, S Ferluga, E Lasonder, O Hanemann

Peninsula Medical School

INTRODUCTION Meningiomas are common brain tumours arising from meningeal tissue. Despite the majority of them displaying benign features, they can cause mild to severe morbidity. The current main therapeutic approach is complete tumour resection commonly with adjunct radiation therapy. However, tumour location can hamper complete resection and chemotherapies are ineffective. In this study we aim to elucidate dysregulated pathways in meningioma pathogenesis and identify novel molecular targets by deciphering the proteome and phosphoproteome of different grades of meningiomas. METHODS Tumour lysates were collected from grade I, II and III frozen meningioma specimens and three normal healthy human meninges. Phosphoprotein purification …

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A Formal Approach To Discovering Simultaneous Additive Masking Between Auditory Medical Alarms, Bassam Hasanain, Andrew D. Boyd, Judy Edworthy, Matthew L. Bolton Jan 2017

A Formal Approach To Discovering Simultaneous Additive Masking Between Auditory Medical Alarms, Bassam Hasanain, Andrew D. Boyd, Judy Edworthy, Matthew L. Bolton

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Treatment Outcomes In Schizophrenia: Qualitative Study Of The Views Of Family Carers, J Lloyd, H Lloyd, Ray Fitzpatrick, Michele Peters Jan 2017

Treatment Outcomes In Schizophrenia: Qualitative Study Of The Views Of Family Carers, J Lloyd, H Lloyd, Ray Fitzpatrick, Michele Peters

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Participants' Experience Of A Web-Based Physiotherapy Programme For People With Multiple Sclerosis (Ms): Does It Impact Physical Activity Levels?, R Dennett, E Coulter, L Paul, J Freeman Jan 2017

Participants' Experience Of A Web-Based Physiotherapy Programme For People With Multiple Sclerosis (Ms): Does It Impact Physical Activity Levels?, R Dennett, E Coulter, L Paul, J Freeman

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

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Channelling Passion For The Ocean Towards Plastic Pollution, Sabine Pahl, Kayleigh J. Wyles, Richard C. Thompson Jan 2017

Channelling Passion For The Ocean Towards Plastic Pollution, Sabine Pahl, Kayleigh J. Wyles, Richard C. Thompson

School of Psychology

Plastic pollution is caused exclusively by humans. It poses growing global threats to the ocean and to society and requires urgent action. Using psychological principles can motivate and implement change by connecting symptoms and sources.

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Neural Signatures Of Spatial Statistical Learning: Characterizing The Extraction Of Structure From Complex Visual Scenes, Elisabeth A. Karuza, Lauren L. Emberson, Matthew E. Roser, Daniel Cole, Richard N. Aslin, Jozsef Fiser Jan 2017

Neural Signatures Of Spatial Statistical Learning: Characterizing The Extraction Of Structure From Complex Visual Scenes, Elisabeth A. Karuza, Lauren L. Emberson, Matthew E. Roser, Daniel Cole, Richard N. Aslin, Jozsef Fiser

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Critique Of A Dual-System Model Of Category Learning, C E R Edmunds Jan 2017

Critique Of A Dual-System Model Of Category Learning, C E R Edmunds

School of Psychology Theses

Some researchers have argued that the category learning literature is conclusive: people learn to generalise from past experiences to novel ones using multiple learning systems (Ashby & Maddox, 2011). To the extent that this claim is true, it is due in no small part to work investigating the predictions of the dual-system model COVIS (COmpetition between Verbal and Implicit Systems; Ashby, Alfonso-Reese, Turken, & Waldron, 1998). The work presented here investigates the evidence for this model. In Chapter 1, I describe the main features of the COVIS model and briefly review some of the evidence that supports this model. This …

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Algal Polysaccharide Utilisation By Saprotrophic Planktonic Marine Fungi, Michael Cunliffe, Anita Hollingsworth, Cal Bain, Vikram Sharma, Joe D. Taylor Jan 2017

Algal Polysaccharide Utilisation By Saprotrophic Planktonic Marine Fungi, Michael Cunliffe, Anita Hollingsworth, Cal Bain, Vikram Sharma, Joe D. Taylor

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. The functional roles that marine mycoplankton fulfil are poorly understood, resulting in a lack of knowledge of their ecology. Here we show, using DNA Stable Isotope Probing with 13 C-labelled diatom polysaccharide microgels, that mycoplankton assimilate algal-derived particulate organic carbon (POC), identifying two genera, Malassezia and Cladosporium, which are active saprotrophs in coastal waters. We subsequently isolated polysaccharide-utilising Cladosporium strains from the same ecosystem and that are well-represented in marine mycoplankton assemblages. At the study site, Cladosporium occurs across multiple years and is associated with diatoms. During growth with the polysaccharide laminarin, …

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Diversity And Carbon Storage Across The Tropical Forest Biome, Martin J.P. Sullivan, Joey Talbot, Simon L. Lewis, Oliver L. Phillips, Lan Qie, Serge K. Begne, Jerôme Chave, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Wannes Hubau, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lera Miles, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Bonaventure Sonké, Terry Sunderland, Steege H Ter, Lee J.T. White, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Shin Ichiro Aiba, Almeida Ec De, Oliveira Ea De, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Esteban Álvarez Dávila, Ana Andrade, Luiz E.O.C. Aragão, Peter Ashton, Gerardo A. Aymard, Timothy R. Baker, Michael Balinga, Lindsay F. Banin, Christopher Baraloto, Jean Francois Bastin, Nicholas Berry, Jan Bogaert, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, Roel Brienen, José Luís C. Camargo, Carlos Cerón, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eric Chezeaux, Connie J. Clark, Álvaro Cogollo Pacheco, James A. Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Eurídice N.Honorio Coronado, Greta Dargie, Stuart J. Davies, Canniere C De, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Jean Louis Doucet, Terry L. Erwin, Javier Silva Espejo, Corneille E.N. Ewango, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Rafael Herrera, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, Jefferson S. Hall, David J. Harris, Terese B. Hart, Kuswata Kartawinata, Lip Khoon Kho, Kanehiro Kitayama, Sgw Laurance, Wf Laurance, Miguel E. Leal, Thomas Lovejoy, Jon C. Lovett, Faustin Mpanya Lukasu, Jean Remy Makana, Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Andrew R. Marshall, Paulo S. Morandi, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Jaques Mukinzi, Reuben Nilus, Percy Núñez Vargas, Nadir C.Pallqui Camacho, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, N/A Pétrone Jan 2017

Diversity And Carbon Storage Across The Tropical Forest Biome, Martin J.P. Sullivan, Joey Talbot, Simon L. Lewis, Oliver L. Phillips, Lan Qie, Serge K. Begne, Jerôme Chave, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Wannes Hubau, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lera Miles, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Bonaventure Sonké, Terry Sunderland, Steege H Ter, Lee J.T. White, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Shin Ichiro Aiba, Almeida Ec De, Oliveira Ea De, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Esteban Álvarez Dávila, Ana Andrade, Luiz E.O.C. Aragão, Peter Ashton, Gerardo A. Aymard, Timothy R. Baker, Michael Balinga, Lindsay F. Banin, Christopher Baraloto, Jean Francois Bastin, Nicholas Berry, Jan Bogaert, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, Roel Brienen, José Luís C. Camargo, Carlos Cerón, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eric Chezeaux, Connie J. Clark, Álvaro Cogollo Pacheco, James A. Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Eurídice N.Honorio Coronado, Greta Dargie, Stuart J. Davies, Canniere C De, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Jean Louis Doucet, Terry L. Erwin, Javier Silva Espejo, Corneille E.N. Ewango, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Rafael Herrera, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, Jefferson S. Hall, David J. Harris, Terese B. Hart, Kuswata Kartawinata, Lip Khoon Kho, Kanehiro Kitayama, Sgw Laurance, Wf Laurance, Miguel E. Leal, Thomas Lovejoy, Jon C. Lovett, Faustin Mpanya Lukasu, Jean Remy Makana, Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Andrew R. Marshall, Paulo S. Morandi, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Jaques Mukinzi, Reuben Nilus, Percy Núñez Vargas, Nadir C.Pallqui Camacho, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, N/A Pétrone

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Sialylation Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lps And Its Effect On Bacterial-Host Interactions., Ss Zaric, Mj Lappin, Cr Fulton, Ft Lundy, Wa Coulter, Cr Irwin Jan 2017

Sialylation Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lps And Its Effect On Bacterial-Host Interactions., Ss Zaric, Mj Lappin, Cr Fulton, Ft Lundy, Wa Coulter, Cr Irwin

Peninsula Dental School

Porphyromonas gingivalis produces different LPS isoforms with significant structural variations of their lipid A and O-antigen moieties that can affect its pro-inflammatory and bone-resorbing potential. We show here, for the first time, that P. gingivalis LPS isolated from W83 strain is highly sialylated and possesses significantly reduced inflammatory potential compared with less sialylated ATCC 33277 strain LPS. Nevertheless, the reduction in the endotoxin activity is not mediated by the presence of sialic acid LPS moieties as the sialic acid-free LPS produced by the mutant W83 strain exhibits a similar inflammatory potential to the wild type strain. Furthermore, our findings suggest …

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A Qualitative Exploration Of Children’S Experiences Of Role-Play In Two Pack-Away Early Childhood Settings., Zenna Mary Kingdon Jan 2017

A Qualitative Exploration Of Children’S Experiences Of Role-Play In Two Pack-Away Early Childhood Settings., Zenna Mary Kingdon

Plymouth Institute of Education Theses

In this thesis, I explored children’s experiences of role-play in relation to notions of self. The research took place in two pack-away settings in the Private, Voluntary and Independent (PVI) sector of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). The experiences of eight children, aged between three-year-three months and four-years one month, were investigated over a period of seven months. I used an adaptation of The Mosaic Approach (Clark and Moss 2001) combined with a reflective lenses approach (Brookfield 1995) to create a three-dimensional view of the children’s experiences. The children and I used a range of tools to gather data …

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Social Resilience In Cornish Fishing Communities, Huw Thomas Jan 2017

Social Resilience In Cornish Fishing Communities, Huw Thomas

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Rural Cornish coastal fishing communities express, and have expressed, varying degrees of ability to develop and retain social resilience capacity, or the ability to withstand ‘shock’ over both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ onset events in social, political, economic and natural domain terms (Wilson, 2012a). Endogenous and exogenous influences may include natural changes in resources and resource dependency resulting in the loss or depletion of community livelihoods associated with a decline in fishing activities (Brookfield, 2005; Marshall, 2007a), issues of tourism driven change and notions of ‘community’. Four capitals are initially conceptually considered, those of natural, political, social and economic capitals driving …

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Copper And Zinc Speciation In The Tamar Estuary, Holly Beverley Clare Pearson Jan 2017

Copper And Zinc Speciation In The Tamar Estuary, Holly Beverley Clare Pearson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The chemical speciation of trace metals controls their potential bioavailability and therefore toxicity to exposed organisms. Despite previous studies demonstrating the ameliorative effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on metal toxicity, the effectiveness of ligands from varying sources and of potentially variable composition in controlling speciation has not been studied in detail in estuarine waters. In addition, the effect of DOC on radionuclide contaminants in combination with trace metals has not been investigated in any waters. This is of particular interest in the estuarine environment, where both anthropogenic and natural ligands, and contaminants that pose a potential threat to ecosystem …

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The Seasonal Cycling And Physico-Chemical Speciation Of Iron On The Celtic And Hebridean Shelf Seas, Antony James Birchill Jan 2017

The Seasonal Cycling And Physico-Chemical Speciation Of Iron On The Celtic And Hebridean Shelf Seas, Antony James Birchill

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Shelf seas represent an important source of iron (Fe) to the open ocean. Additionally, shelf seas are highly productive environments which contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown and support large fisheries. The work presented in this thesis describes the seasonal cycle of Fe in the Celtic and Hebridean Shelf Seas, and determines the physico-chemical speciation of Fe supplied from oxic margins. The results from repeated field surveys of the central Celtic Sea showed a nutrient type seasonal cycling of dissolved Fe (< 0.2 µm; dFe), which is surprising in a particle rich shelf system, suggesting a balance of scavenging and remineralisation processes. Coincident drawdown of dFe and nitrate (NO3-) was observed during the phytoplankton spring bloom. During the bloom, preferential drawdown of soluble Fe (< 0.02 µm; sFe) over colloidal Fe (0.02-0.2 µm; cFe) indicated greater bioavailability of the soluble fraction. Throughout summer stratification, it is known that NO3- is drawn down to < 0.02 µM in surface waters. This study revealed that both dFe and labile particulate Fe (LpFe) were also seasonally drawn down to < 0.2 nM. Consequently, it is hypothesised that the availability of Fe seasonally co-limits primary production in this region. At depth both dFe and NO3- concentrations increased from spring to autumn, indicating that remineralisation is an important process governing the seasonal cycling of dFe in the central Celtic Sea. In spring, summer and autumn, distinctive intermediate nepheloid layers (INL) were observed emanating from the Celtic Sea shelf slope. The INLs were associated with elevated concentrations of dFe (up to 3.25 ± 0.16 nM) and particulate Fe (up to 315 ± 1.8 nM) indicating that they are a persistent conduit for the supply of Fe to the open ocean. Typically > 15% of particulate Fe was labile and 60-90% of dFe was in the colloidal fraction. Despite being < 50 km from the 200 m isobath, the concentration of dFe was < 0.1 nM in surface waters at several stations. Broadly, the concentration of nutrients in surface waters described an oligotrophic environment where co-limitation between multiple nutrients, including Fe, appears likely. Over the Hebridean shelf break, residual surface NO3- concentrations (5.27 ± 0.79 µM) and very low concentrations of dFe (0.09 ± 0.04 nM) were observed during autumn, implying seasonal Fe limitation. The dFe:NO3- ratio observed is attributed to sub-optimal vertical supply of Fe relative to NO3- from sub-surface waters. In contrast to the shelf break, surface water in coastal regions contained elevated dFe concentrations (1.73 ± 1.16 nM) alongside low NO3-. Seasonal Fe limitation is known to occur in the Irminger and Iceland Basins; therefore, the Hebridean shelf break likely represents the eastern extent of sub-Arctic Atlantic seasonal Fe limitation, thus indicating that the associated weakening of the biological carbon pump exists over a wider region of the sub-Arctic Atlantic than previously recognised. These key findings demonstrate that the availability of Fe to phytoplankton may seasonally reach limiting levels in temperate shelf waters and that oxic margins persistently supply Fe dominated by colloidal and particulate fractions to the ocean.

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Nanoporous Calcium Carbonate-Based Substrates For The Controlled Delivery Of Functional Materials, Charlotte Luanne Victoria Levy Jan 2017

Nanoporous Calcium Carbonate-Based Substrates For The Controlled Delivery Of Functional Materials, Charlotte Luanne Victoria Levy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The overall aim of this project was to study `functionalised' calcium carbonates (FCCs) for use as a carrier for the controlled release of `actives,' by permeation and diffusion, and is being proposed as an environmentally friendly and non-toxic pharmaceutical excipient, nutraceutical, and flavour carrier. The delivery of a drug to its target site in the appropriate amount and time-frame in order for it to have a controlled release effect whilst achieving the maximum therapeutic effect remains a topic of design and development for novel drug delivery systems. FCCs encompass a family of new pharmaceutical excipients in which the conditions of …

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Criminal Law In The 21st Century, Lord Leveson Jan 2017

Criminal Law In The 21st Century, Lord Leveson

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

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Obesity And Dental Caries In Children In Plymouth, Martha Paisi Jan 2017

Obesity And Dental Caries In Children In Plymouth, Martha Paisi

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Background: Obesity and dental caries are two of the most common conditions affecting children and both have significant implications on children’s wellbeing and future health. Even though research into the relationship between the two conditions has been conducted for many years, results to date remain equivocal. Furthermore, the majority of the studies only examined individual-level determinants of the two conditions. Aim: The current work aimed to examine the nature, direction and effect size of the relationship between obesity and caries in children in Plymouth, United Kingdom. It also aimed to better understand the individual and the broader environmental determinants of …

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Controlled And Automatic Processes In Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer, Tina Seabrooke Jan 2017

Controlled And Automatic Processes In Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer, Tina Seabrooke

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The current research aimed to further current knowledge on the psychological processes that underpin human outcome-selective Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) effects. PIT reflects the capacity of a Pavlovian stimulus to selectively potentiate an instrumental response that predicts a common rewarding outcome. PIT effects are often suggested to reflect a relatively automatic S-O-R mechanism, where the stimulus activates the sensory properties of the outcome, which then automatically triggers associated instrumental responses. The current research tested this S-O-R account of PIT against a propositional expected utility theory, which suggests that PIT effects reflect verbalizable inferences about the probability and value of each outcome. …

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The Things You Do: Implicit Person Models Guide Online Action Observation., Kimberley Caroline Schenke Jan 2017

The Things You Do: Implicit Person Models Guide Online Action Observation., Kimberley Caroline Schenke

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Social perception is dynamic and ambiguous. Whilst previous research favoured bottom-up views where observed actions are matched to higher level (or motor) representations, recent accounts suggest top-down processes where prior knowledge guides perception of others’ actions, in a predictive manner. This thesis investigated how person-specific models of others’ typical behaviour in different situations are reactivated when they are re-encountered and predict their actions, using strictly controlled computer-based action identification tasks, event-related potentials (ERPs), as well as recording participants’ actions via motion tracking (using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor). The findings provided evidence that knowledge about seen actor’s typical behaviour is used …

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Presymptomatic Testing For Familial Cancer Syndromes In Young Adults: Considerations, Decision Making And Impact, Lea Godino Jan 2017

Presymptomatic Testing For Familial Cancer Syndromes In Young Adults: Considerations, Decision Making And Impact, Lea Godino

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Background: Presymptomatic genetic testing should always involve a considered choice. Young adults are at a key life stage as they may be developing a career, forming partnerships and potentially becoming parents. Presymptomatic testing may therefore affect the future lives of consultands significantly when testing is undertaken in early adulthood. Aim: To explore presymptomatic testing for hereditary cancer in consultands aged 18-30 years with particular reference to psychosocial impact, the decision-making process and the consequent counselling needs. Methods: A mixed-methods sequential exploratory design was used, comprising a systematic review, a qualitative study and a quantitative study. Results of all phases were …

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Risk Edecisions: Online Behaviour And Decision Making From The Igeneration To The Silver Surfer, Claire May White Jan 2017

Risk Edecisions: Online Behaviour And Decision Making From The Igeneration To The Silver Surfer, Claire May White

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Since the inception of the Internet there has been immense growth in the number of internet users worldwide, and the integration of social media in our daily lives has become commonplace for many. Yet, alongside the many benefits of this global connectivity come numerous risks. Research shows that individuals of all ages are exposed to, and engage in, risky activities online, despite numerous campaigns to highlight the perils of risky online behaviour. Although the rates of victimisation increase year-on-year, surprisingly little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying online risk-taking. The work in this thesis aimed to address this gap …

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