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Articles 2701 - 2730 of 6792
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Dark Co2 Fixation Into Phospholipid-Derived Fatty Acids By The Cold-Water Coral Associated Sponge Hymedesmia (Stylopus) Coriacea (Tisler Reef, Ne Skagerrak), Fc Van Duyl, Sk Lengger, S Schouten, Et Al
Dark Co2 Fixation Into Phospholipid-Derived Fatty Acids By The Cold-Water Coral Associated Sponge Hymedesmia (Stylopus) Coriacea (Tisler Reef, Ne Skagerrak), Fc Van Duyl, Sk Lengger, S Schouten, Et Al
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Many cold-water sponges harbour microorganisms of which the role in the sponge host remains enigmatic. Here, we show a transfer of fixed inorganic carbon by sponge-associated microbes to its host, the cold-water coral encrusting sponge Hymedesmia (Stylopus) coriacea. Sponge were collected at approx. 100 m depth and incubated for 1.5–2.5 days with 13C labelled dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as tracer. Total DIC fixation rates ranged from 0.03–0.11 mmol C × mmol Csponge × d-1. 13C-tracer was recovered in bacterial-specific (i.e. short and branched) and sponge-specific (very long-chained) phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA's), but was not incorporated into archaeal lipids. 13C-incorporation in …
Role Of Central Sensitivity Syndromes In Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Monika Vij
Role Of Central Sensitivity Syndromes In Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Monika Vij
Peninsula Medical School Theses
Title- Role of Central Sensitivity Syndromes in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Author- Monika Vij Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a dysfunction of pelvic floor support and have an ad-verse effect on the quality of life (QOL). The predominant symptom is the feeling of a vaginal bulge. However, a considerable proportion of women report a sensation of dragging, or pelvic pressure vaginally without a bulge or large objective prolapse being present. A mechanism suggested to explain this anomaly describes the augmentation of pain transmission secondary to central sensitization (CS). This explanation is like the pathophysiological changes postulated for central sensitivity …
More Than Tea And Cake: A Realist Evaluation Of Memory Cafés In Cornwall, Lisa Burrows
More Than Tea And Cake: A Realist Evaluation Of Memory Cafés In Cornwall, Lisa Burrows
School of Nursing and Midwifery Theses
Background: Memory cafés are a growing community based response to supporting people living with dementia and their carers. They are now well established in the UK and elsewhere; with over forty cafés in Cornwall. Despite their growth, there has been little research into their structure, aims and impact. Aims: The aim of this research was to explore how and why memory cafés work for people living with dementia and their carers. Methodology: Realist methodology is a theory driven approach that seeks to explain why a programme works, for whom and in what circumstances. The research consisted of three stages. Firstly, …
Current Uses Of Chlorhexidine For Management Of Oral Disease: A Narrative Review, Zoë L.S. Brookes, Raul Bescos, Louise A. Belfield, Kamran Ali, Anthony Roberts
Current Uses Of Chlorhexidine For Management Of Oral Disease: A Narrative Review, Zoë L.S. Brookes, Raul Bescos, Louise A. Belfield, Kamran Ali, Anthony Roberts
Peninsula Dental School
ObjectivesChlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic mouthwash, used by dental practitioners and the public, due to its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of current antimicrobial uses of CHX relevant to dentistry in the context of oral diseases, highlighting need for further studies to support its safe and appropriate use.Study selection, data and sourcesRandomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and national (UK and US) guidelines were consulted where available, with search terms for each subject category entered into MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database.ResultsSome evidence existed to support adjunctive short-term use …
Implied Motion From Form Shows Motion Aids The Perception Of Global Form In Amblyopia, Mahesh R. Joshi, Anita J. Simmers, Seong T. Jeon
Implied Motion From Form Shows Motion Aids The Perception Of Global Form In Amblyopia, Mahesh R. Joshi, Anita J. Simmers, Seong T. Jeon
School of Health Professions
No abstract provided.
Syncretic Narrative: Method For Navigation Of Power And Resistance In War And Conflict, Diane Derr
Syncretic Narrative: Method For Navigation Of Power And Resistance In War And Conflict, Diane Derr
School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses
This research is developed out of an observed phenomenon of narrative formation in the Arab Spring. Narrative, informed by and reliant upon communication models and technologies, enables us to navigate, negotiate, and elicit meaning both from and within complexity of information. As a primary model of communication during the Arab Spring, the networked model of communication facilitated a dynamic interface between the citizen witness and institutional journalism within the networked bounds of space and time. This research investigates the operation of the citizen witness in the networked bounds of space and time, grounded in a syncretically generated geopolitical place of …
Resilience Of Entrepreneurs In Conflict Zones: Evidence From Afghanistan, Iraq And Palestine, Doaa Althalathini
Resilience Of Entrepreneurs In Conflict Zones: Evidence From Afghanistan, Iraq And Palestine, Doaa Althalathini
Plymouth Business School Theses
In places where there is violent conflict and substantial institutional deficiencies, entrepreneurial activity increases as self-employment becomes a necessary survival and coping mechanism and strategy. Women within context affected by long-term conflict are also more likely to engage in entrepreneurship whilst experiencing additional challenges to those experienced by women entrepreneurs in non-conflict affected developing economies. With the temporary or permanent loss of household income, women contribute an increased share of income-generating activities and may often be the main or sole providers for their families. Therefore, researching entrepreneurship in contexts of conflict is important for advancing our knowledge of entrepreneurship practises, …
The Promotion Of Innovation In The Eu Marine Equipment Sector, Muhammad Noor Affiq Bin Hasanuddin
The Promotion Of Innovation In The Eu Marine Equipment Sector, Muhammad Noor Affiq Bin Hasanuddin
Plymouth Business School Theses
Growing environmental regulation and calls for the maritime industry to go green are driving the demand to develop and apply green innovative technology on ships to deal with problems such as: ballast water pollution; carbon emissions; and emissions that affect air quality. The shipping industry must prepare for a future with lower external transport costs and therefore must embrace the challenges of implementing alternative measures to reduce its impact on the environment. The IMO and the EU are two institutions that are driving legislation to enforce this. Stricter environmental regulation has led to ship-owners exploring various solutions to comply such …
A Pragmatist Context-Based Assessment Of The Economic Implications Of Eating Patterns In A Small Sub-Saharan Developing Economy: Focus On Togo, Corinne D. Tomta-Heinrich
A Pragmatist Context-Based Assessment Of The Economic Implications Of Eating Patterns In A Small Sub-Saharan Developing Economy: Focus On Togo, Corinne D. Tomta-Heinrich
Plymouth Business School Theses
Healthy nutrition is recognized as essential to a productive workforce and strategic in preventing healthcare costs. Meanwhile, food supply system proficiency requires socially coherent organizational efficiency. Sub-Saharan Africa is widely presented in agro-food economics literature as a cultural block whereas it enfolds context-specific nations with specific biophysical and historical ties. This thesis aims to determine the importance of investigating country-specific diets’ effects on economic welfare. Equally, it emphases national food system governance on which globalization, socio-economic and demographic transitions are increasingly influential. Normative, critical and grounded in poststructuralism and cultural/relativist pragmatism, the thesis shifts focus from generic material challenges emphasized …
Microplastic Accumulation In Deep-Sea Sediments From The Rockall Trough, Winnie Courtene-Jones, Brian Quinn, Ciaran Ewins, Stefan F. Gary, Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy
Microplastic Accumulation In Deep-Sea Sediments From The Rockall Trough, Winnie Courtene-Jones, Brian Quinn, Ciaran Ewins, Stefan F. Gary, Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Microplastics are widely dispersed through the marine environment. Few studies have assessed the long-term or historic prevalence of microplastics, yet acquiring such data can inform their distribution, transport and the environmental risks posed. To quantify the distribution and polymer types temporally, sediment cores were collected from >2000 m water depth in the Rockall Trough, North Atlantic Ocean. As hypothesized, a significant negative trend was observed in the frequency of microplastics with increasing sediment age, however there was an increase in polymer diversity. Microplastics were pervasive throughout the sediment analysed (10 cm depth), yet lead-210 (210Pb) activities were confined to the …
If Your Device Could Smile: People Trust Happy-Sounding Artificial Agents More, Ilaria Torre, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White
If Your Device Could Smile: People Trust Happy-Sounding Artificial Agents More, Ilaria Torre, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White
School of Psychology
No abstract provided.
A Reformulated Contextual Model Of Psychotherapy For Treating Anxiety And Depression, Michael E. Hyland
A Reformulated Contextual Model Of Psychotherapy For Treating Anxiety And Depression, Michael E. Hyland
School of Psychology
This paper describes a reformulated contextual model that uses cognitive theory (dual process theory), motivation theory (personality) and behavioral adaptation (self-correcting control systems) to show how anxiety and depression are caused, treated and prevented by an interaction between people and contexts. Depression and anxiety are the result of implicit beliefs (not cognitions) that all experience is unrewarding and threatening, these being components of the implicit belief that life is bad. Implicit beliefs are formed automatically from contextual cues and in healthy individuals are consistent with rational appraisal. They become more negative than reality through a process of adaptation when behaviors, …
Self‐Perceived Preparedness Of Undergraduate Dental Students In Dental Public Universities In Malaysia: A National Study, Yudin Z Mat, K Ali, Ahmad Wma Wan, A Ahmad, Mf Khamis, Graville Monteiro Na Brian, Ab Aziz Za Che, R Saub, Ti Rosli, A Alias, Hamid Nf Abdul, Na Harun
Self‐Perceived Preparedness Of Undergraduate Dental Students In Dental Public Universities In Malaysia: A National Study, Yudin Z Mat, K Ali, Ahmad Wma Wan, A Ahmad, Mf Khamis, Graville Monteiro Na Brian, Ab Aziz Za Che, R Saub, Ti Rosli, A Alias, Hamid Nf Abdul, Na Harun
Peninsula Dental School
No abstract provided.
Multimorbidity And Oral Health: Need For New Models Of Care, B Gill, Andrew Harris, Christopher Tredwin, P Gill
Multimorbidity And Oral Health: Need For New Models Of Care, B Gill, Andrew Harris, Christopher Tredwin, P Gill
Peninsula Dental School
Multimorbidity is defined as patients living with two or more chronic health conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity is increasing, driven by the ageing population, and represents a major challenge to all healthcare systems because these patients are heavy users of services. The link with oral health is growing although there is need for further robust evidence. There is also need for new models of care to address oral health in patients with multimorbidity.
Eco-Engineering Of Coastal Infrastructure: A Design For Life, Kathryn O'Shaughnessy
Eco-Engineering Of Coastal Infrastructure: A Design For Life, Kathryn O'Shaughnessy
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Coastal urbanisation has driven humans to build artificial defences to protect infrastructure from rising sea level, erosion and stormier seas. Artificial structures are proliferating in the coastal and marine environments (“ocean sprawl”), resulting in a loss of natural habitat, species diversity and ecosystem services. To mitigate the impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of coastal infrastructure has been developed. A strong evidence base in support of eco-engineering is growing, yet there remain critical knowledge gaps. This work investigated the ecology of artificial structures and their ability to be enhanced in order to increase species diversity, addressing five knowledge …
Understanding The Fate Of Active Pharmaceutical Compounds In Waters Receiving Poorly Or Untreated Wastewater For The Development Of A Dedicated Environmental Risk Assessment Approach, Simone Bagnis
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The global increasing consumption and production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is of a growing environmental concern. The inherently biological activity of APIs creates a concern of potential ecotoxicological effects even at very low concentrations. Such risk is particularly exacerbated in low and low-middle income countries (LLMICs) where it is common the practice of direct discharge of untreated wastewater (DDUW) into surface waters, which creates a heavily polluted area downstream, described as the “impact zone”. Little is known about the environmental fate of APIs in this area. Nevertheless, measured environmental concentrations (MECs) of LLMICs show higher concentrations than for high-income …
Heathland Restoration After Mineral Extraction, Mary Louise Lane
Heathland Restoration After Mineral Extraction, Mary Louise Lane
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Restoration Ecology has been developed over the last 40 years in efforts to better understand how to restore, recreate or reclaim land damaged by human activities. Lowland heath is one of the more difficult habitats to recreate due to the complicated interactions of soil chemistry and plant physiology and structure. This study investigated the ecological restoration of heathlands at a china clay mineral extraction site in the UK. Assessment of historical restoration practices revealed that previous work carried out on the study site is not achieving Atlantic Lowland Heath (ALH) and that specific amendments might be necessary. Consequently, work carried …
Level-Two Visual Perspective Taking As Spontaneous Perceptual Simulation, Eleanor Ward
Level-Two Visual Perspective Taking As Spontaneous Perceptual Simulation, Eleanor Ward
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Visual perspective taking lies at the heart of social interactions, allowing people to readily compute what another person can see, or how they see it (Flavell et al., 1981). This ability not only links to the unique human propensity to infer others’ beliefs, desires, and goals (Schurz et al., 2015), but also to more general spatial abilities such as navigation skill (Kozhevnikov et al., 2006) and action planning (Creem-Regehr et al., 2013). What is unclear is how others’ perspectives are represented. While several studies have in the past implied that others’ perspectives are represented in a similar way as our …
Lps From Subgingival Plaque And The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Its Effect On M1 And M2 Macrophage Responses And Potential As A Biomarker, Alex Strachan
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which, in response to a dysbiotic biofilm results in tissue destruction and ultimately tooth loss. The mechanisms which initiate the disease are poorly understood, as are the effectors which cause periods of exacerbation and remission experienced by sufferers of the disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an archetypal microbial molecular pattern that instigates an immune response from macrophages (MΦ), key orchestrators of host immune response. Repetitive exposure Is also demonstrated to induce a quiescent state known as endotoxin tolerance, thought to be a protective mechanism but which may also confer protective benefits to potential pathogens. Several …
Intrinsic Control Strategies For Herpesvirus-Based Vaccine Vectors, Hujaz Ismail Abdulrazzaq Alqirbi
Intrinsic Control Strategies For Herpesvirus-Based Vaccine Vectors, Hujaz Ismail Abdulrazzaq Alqirbi
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Herpesvirus-based vectors have been used in vaccine strategies to target zoonotic diseases such as Ebola and human monkeypox, through eliciting a highly immunogenic response. We are investigating strategies to attenuate the virus and control its ability to replicate and persist, while maintaining its ability to elicit protective immune responses. In this project we have investigated three distinct and innovative means to provide intrinsic control of herpesvirus-based vectors. The first strategy is based on deletion of a gene essential for viral latency to modify persistence in vivo. Studies by Thirion et al have shown that the bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) ORF73 …
Hot Food Takeaways Around Schools: Can Fast Food Be Healthier?, Claire Louise Turbutt
Hot Food Takeaways Around Schools: Can Fast Food Be Healthier?, Claire Louise Turbutt
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Obesity is the greatest global health challenge facing this generation; over half of the adult population are overweight or obese. Calls for food environment interventions include recommendations for restriction or banning of new fast food retailers (FFRs). The Takeaway Toolkit was published by the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and aimed to alter consumption of unhealthy takeaway food through reformulation and behavioural insights. A systematic review assessing evidence on FFRs in the environment around schools in the United Kingdom (UK) was completed and published. This revealed a research gap around food environment interventions. A study was designed to investigate “the …
Understanding The Role Of Dmob4 In Postembryonic Neural Stem Cell Mitotic Reactivation, Eleanor Gonzaga
Understanding The Role Of Dmob4 In Postembryonic Neural Stem Cell Mitotic Reactivation, Eleanor Gonzaga
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Brain homeostasis supports cognition and neural plasticity, the brains’ ability to adapt to its environment throughout life. These processes rely on replenishment from stem cells in the brain, termed Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). In the adult brain, most NSCs exist in a quiescent state and must activate to generate new neural progeny. Understanding how NSCs balance quiescence and activation is crucial for the development of brain repair therapies. Drosophila NSCs, termed neuroblasts (NBs), are a model to study reactivation from quiescence. The Hippo and Insulin pathways were reported to promote NB quiescence and reactivation, respectively. However, the underlying mechanisms are …
Early Hippocampal Dysfunction In A Mouse Model Of Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Mechanisms Of Cellular Dysfunction Caused By Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation, Katrina Cowan
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, accounting for 5% of all dementia cases, for which there is no cure. Whilst there are currently many different animal models currently available for researchers studying PD, there are comparatively fewer DLB-specific mouse models. The limited amount of effective DLB mouse models presents a significant issue in the pursuit for DLB treatment. In my project, I aim to determine the accuracy of a novel DLB-specific mouse model, focusing on changes in mitochondrial function. Additionally, I explore the role of the wild-type and a DLB-related mutation of the protein beta-synuclein on …
The Neurotoxic Effects Of Manganese And The Novel Protective Role Of Drp1 In The Autophagy Pathway, Carolina Sportelli
The Neurotoxic Effects Of Manganese And The Novel Protective Role Of Drp1 In The Autophagy Pathway, Carolina Sportelli
Other Faculty of Health Theses
The precise pathological mechanism of Manganese (Mn) is not yet known however prior evidence suggests a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction. Relevant to Parkinson’s disease, Mn is known to bind to α-synuclein and increase its aggregation. Autophagy is also implicated in neurodegeneration however little is known about the effects of Mn on this pathway. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of Mn on autophagy, α-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial function in multiple paradigms. The effects of inhibiting the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 were also assessed in these cellular contexts following Mn exposure. Acute exposure to sub-lethal Mn …
Advanced Glycation End Products As A Biomarker For Accelerated Ocular Ageing And Glaucoma, Leanne Smewing
Advanced Glycation End Products As A Biomarker For Accelerated Ocular Ageing And Glaucoma, Leanne Smewing
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have a large impact on the healthy ageing population and those diagnosed with pathology. Studies have linked AGEs to glaucomatous optic neuropathy, however there is little consensus on the role AGEs play in glaucoma development. Furthermore, it is known that diet is an exogenous source of AGEs, however it is not clear how dietary AGE (dAGE) influences tissue-bound levels in the body. The overarching theme of this thesis was to assess the impact of AGE level, measured both through diet and tissue-bound levels in the skin (skin autofluoresence, SAF), on retinal vessels and the cornea …
Metagenomic Identification And Characterisation Of Emerging And Re-Emerging Viruses Causing Disease In Febrile Patients., Emma Louise Wise
Metagenomic Identification And Characterisation Of Emerging And Re-Emerging Viruses Causing Disease In Febrile Patients., Emma Louise Wise
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Emerging infectious diseases (EID) significantly impact public health and have the potential to cause pandemics. Outbreaks of EID have increased in recent decades, with RNA viruses responsible for a substantial proportion of them. Outbreaks are more likely to occur in areas with high biodiversity, poor sanitation and public health infrastructure, and limited resources for EID control. Furthermore, clinical symptoms of many viral infections overlap, making them challenging to diagnose correctly. Metagenomic sequencing (metagenomics) negates the need for targeted detection assays, generates virus genome information and can detect novel or genetically divergent viruses. Through combining targeted PCR-based assays with untargeted metagenomics, …
Epidermicin Ni01 And Human Β-Defensin 2 As Modulators Of Macrophage Subset Responses, Barbara Durante
Epidermicin Ni01 And Human Β-Defensin 2 As Modulators Of Macrophage Subset Responses, Barbara Durante
Other Faculty of Health Theses
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and host defence peptides (HDPs) have been extensively investigated for their antimicrobial activity and evidence suggests that they can also modulate the host immune system. However, little is known about their effects on macrophages, a key cell population in inflammatory responses that mediates communication between innate and adaptive immunity. Macrophages are a pleiotropic cell population composed of different subsets that orchestrate diverse stages of inflammation with roles ranging from pro- to anti-inflammatory and thus, targets for immunomodulation in different diseases. Here, THP-1-derived M1- and M2-like cells (pro- and anti-inflammatory respectively) under stimulation of TLR4 by LPS were …
Designing Playful Systems, Michael Straeubig
Designing Playful Systems, Michael Straeubig
School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses
Play is a common, yet elusive phenomenon. Many definitions of play and explanations for its existence have been brought forward in various disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, ethology and in the humanities. As an activity apparently serving no other purpose than itself, play can be simply considered a pleasant pastime. Yet its equation with fun has been challenged by artists and scholars alike. Being in a playful state does not warrant extrinsic motivation or being conscious of an external purpose. However, play creates meaning, and scientists are pursuing functional explanations for it. These conflicting observations are contributing to the ambiguity …
Creative Caprice: Intrinsic Interest; States Of Consciousness; Emotion & Practice-Led Phenomenological Inquiry, Steven A Evans
Creative Caprice: Intrinsic Interest; States Of Consciousness; Emotion & Practice-Led Phenomenological Inquiry, Steven A Evans
School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses
This research project is a practice-led investigation of how strong emotion influences my creative actions. Through the development and articulation of a methodology for facilitating creative activity, the project considers how these emotions determine which intrinsic interests compel me to create works of art and design. Fundamental to the development of the methodology was the formulation of a comprehensive walking method designed to engage the body, awaken the mind and, through the designation of markers, establish consistently accessible mental/physical spaces wherein creative thinking can be fostered. Given the current interest in the role that walking can play in facilitating creative …
Interrogating Self-Representation At The Intersection Of Visual Arts And Neuroscience, Nicole Ottiger
Interrogating Self-Representation At The Intersection Of Visual Arts And Neuroscience, Nicole Ottiger
School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses
This practice-based PhD thesis offers a deep exploration of representing the self, through the critical examination of three examples of my experimental studies; titled Video Ergo Sum (2010-11), From Perception of Art to Art Making (2010-11) and Feeling of a Presence (2015), and artworks produced in connection; Visual Space has No Owner (2015), Shooting Stars (2015-17) and What constitutes the Self (2018). The written thesis includes an appendix, which details other experiments and artworks that were part of the process. This research is on one side informed by my experiences as an artist-in-lab in the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience (LNCO), …