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The Development Of Arable Cultivation In The South-East Of England And Its Relationship With Vegetation Cover: A Honeymoon Period For Biodiversity?, Vareilles A De, Jessie Woodbridge, Ruth Pelling, Ralph Fyfe, D Smith, Gill Campbell, W Smith, Wendy Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Hegarat K Le, Lucy Allot Jul 2023

The Development Of Arable Cultivation In The South-East Of England And Its Relationship With Vegetation Cover: A Honeymoon Period For Biodiversity?, Vareilles A De, Jessie Woodbridge, Ruth Pelling, Ralph Fyfe, D Smith, Gill Campbell, W Smith, Wendy Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Hegarat K Le, Lucy Allot

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The onset of prehistoric farming brought unprecedented changes to landscapes and their biodiversity. Past biodiversity patterns are broadly understood for different parts of Europe, and demonstrate trajectories that have been linked to prehistoric and historic demographic transitions, and associated land-use practices. To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to directly link evidence of agricultural practice from the archaeological record to biodiversity patterns. Records of fossil pollen are used to estimate plant and landscape diversity patterns, and novel approaches are employed to analyse 1194 harmonised archaeobotanical samples (plant macrofossil remains) spanning the prehistoric and Roman periods, from southern England. …

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The Resilience Of Juvenile Acropora Corals When Exposed To Artificial Light At Night, Commonly Associated With Coastal Urbanisation, Celie Mullen Jul 2023

The Resilience Of Juvenile Acropora Corals When Exposed To Artificial Light At Night, Commonly Associated With Coastal Urbanisation, Celie Mullen

The Plymouth Student Scientist

In recent years, artificial light pollution has expanded in area and concentration due to global population growth and technological advances in lighting. The impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN) are now well acknowledged within terrestrial biomes however, influences to surrounding coastal marine ecosystems are poorly recognised. Similarly, research has only just begun to reveal the extent of damage to coral reef systems, which have both substantial ecological and economic importance. However, the survival of important reef building Scleractinia within areas of ALAN is relatively unknown. Here a series of investigations underpin the extent of damage of short and long …

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Impacts Of Hydrodynamic Regimes On The Resuspension Of Particulate Matter Within A Seagrass Restoration Site: Jennycliff Bay, Plymouth Sound, Uk, Laura M. Bevington Jul 2023

Impacts Of Hydrodynamic Regimes On The Resuspension Of Particulate Matter Within A Seagrass Restoration Site: Jennycliff Bay, Plymouth Sound, Uk, Laura M. Bevington

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Seagrass habitats are ecosystem engineers, providing a multitude of valuable ecosystem services that benefit the environment and human populations. Seagrass meadows are declining at an enhanced rate; therefore, in recent years restoration efforts have increased. However, many projects have had limited rates of success. Site suitability assessments are conducted ahead of plantation efforts; however, some regimes are seldom considered despite them providing important insights into a site’s environmental conditions. For example, light availability to the benthos is a key component of restoration success and this is affected by hydrodynamic processes impacting the local resuspension regime of suspended particulate matter (SPM), …

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Did The Bronze Age Deforestation Of Europe Affect Its Climate? A Regional Climate Model Study Using Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions, Gustav Strandberg, Jie Chen, Ralph Fyfe, Erik Kjellström, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Marie José Gaillard Jul 2023

Did The Bronze Age Deforestation Of Europe Affect Its Climate? A Regional Climate Model Study Using Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions, Gustav Strandberg, Jie Chen, Ralph Fyfe, Erik Kjellström, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Marie José Gaillard

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Abstract. This paper studies the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on the climate around 2500 years ago (2.5 ka), a period of rapid transitions across the European landscape. One global climate model was used to force two regional climate models (RCMs). The RCMs used two land cover descriptions. The first was from a dynamical vegetation model representing potential land cover, and the second was from a land cover description reconstructed from pollen data by statistical interpolation. The two different land covers enable us to study the impact of land cover on climate conditions. Since the difference …

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Rapid Fluvial Remobilization Of Sediments Deposited By The 2021 Chamoli Disaster, Indian Himalaya, Matthew J. Westoby, Stuart A. Dunning, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Thomas J. Coulthard, Kalachand Sain, Amit Kumar, Etienne Berthier, Umesh K. Haritashya, David E. Shean, Mohd Farooq Azam, Kavita Upadhyay, Michele Koppes, Harley R. Mccourt, Dan H. Shugar Jul 2023

Rapid Fluvial Remobilization Of Sediments Deposited By The 2021 Chamoli Disaster, Indian Himalaya, Matthew J. Westoby, Stuart A. Dunning, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Thomas J. Coulthard, Kalachand Sain, Amit Kumar, Etienne Berthier, Umesh K. Haritashya, David E. Shean, Mohd Farooq Azam, Kavita Upadhyay, Michele Koppes, Harley R. Mccourt, Dan H. Shugar

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

High-magnitude mass flows can have a pervasive geomorphological legacy, yet the short-term response of valley floors to such intense disturbances is poorly known and poses significant observational challenges in unstable landscapes. We combined satellite remote sensing, numerical modeling, and field observations to reconstruct the short-term geomorphological response of river channels directly affected by the 7 February 2021 ice-rock avalanche−debris flow in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. The flow deposited 10.4 ± 1.6 Mm3 of sediment within the first 30 km and in places reset the channel floor to a zero-state condition, requiring complete fluvial re-establishment. In the 12 months post-event, 7.0 …

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Rhd Molecular Analysis—From Discovery To Next Generation Sequencing, Tracey E. Madgett, Wajnat A. Tounsi, Amr J. Halawani, Neil D. Avent Jul 2023

Rhd Molecular Analysis—From Discovery To Next Generation Sequencing, Tracey E. Madgett, Wajnat A. Tounsi, Amr J. Halawani, Neil D. Avent

School of Biomedical Sciences

This review traces the evolution of RHD genotyping from the very early days of the discovery of Rh polypeptides in 1982, and the pioneering work of the late 1980s and early 1990s that made the whole approach of RH genotyping possible. This work is often overlooked in contemporary Rh literature with citations of reviews being used which often do not give the complete background story. We have attempted to rectify this here. This review focuses primarily on RHD genotyping, primarily because of space constraints not to include RHCE but also because RHD is of greater clinical significance. In Europe many …

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Effects Of Cholinesterase Inhibition On Attention And Working Memory In Lewy Body Dementias, Sean James Fallon, Olivia Plant, Younes A. Tabi, Sanjay G. Manohar, Masud Husain Jul 2023

Effects Of Cholinesterase Inhibition On Attention And Working Memory In Lewy Body Dementias, Sean James Fallon, Olivia Plant, Younes A. Tabi, Sanjay G. Manohar, Masud Husain

School of Psychology

Cholinesterase inhibitors are frequently used to treat cognitive symptoms in Lewy body dementias (Parkinson’s disease dementia and Dementia with Lewy bodies). However, the selectivity of their effects remains unclear. In a novel rivastigmine-withdrawal design, Parkinson’s disease dementia and Dementia with Lewy bodies patients were tested twice: once when taking rivastigmine as usual and once when they had missed one dose. In each session, they performed a suite of tasks (sustained attention, simple short-term recall, distractor resistance and manipulating the focus of attention) which allowed us to investigate the cognitive mechanisms through which rivastigmine affects attentional control. Consistent with previous literature, …

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Correction To: ‘Sex Differences In Human Mate Preferences Vary Across Sex Ratios’ (2023) By Walter Et Al., Kathryn V. Walter, Daniel Conroy-Beam, David M. Buss, Kelly Asao, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Afifa Anjum, Chiemezie S. Atama, Da Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Mons Bendixen, Aicha Bensafia, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Katarzyna Cantarero, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Ilona Croy, Rosa María Cueto, Marcin Czub, Daria Dronova, Seda Dural, I Duyar, Berna Ertugrul, Agustín Espinosa, Ignacio Estevan, Carla Sofia Esteves, Luxi Fang, Tomasz Frackowiak, Jorge Contreras Garduño, Karina Ugalde González, Farida Guemaz, Petra Gyuris, Mária Halamová, Iskra Herak, Marina Horvat, Ivana Hromatko, Chin Ming Hui, Jas Laile Jaafar, Feng Jiang, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Tina Kavčič, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Nicolas Kervyn, Ha Tt Khanh, Imran Ahmed Khilji, Nils C. Köbis, Hoang Moc Lan, András Láng, Georgina R. Lennard, Ernesto León, Torun Lindholm, Trinh Thi Linh, Giulia Lopez, Nguyen Van Luot, Alvaro Mailhos, Zoi Manesi, Rocio Martinez, Sarah L. Mckerchar, Norbert Meskó, Girishwar Misra, Conal Monaghan, Emanuel C. Mora, Alba Moya-Garófano, Bojan Musil, Jean Carlos Natividade, Agnieszka Niemczyk, George Nizharadze, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee, Ike E. Onyishi, Baris Özener, Ariela Francesca Pagani, Vilmante Pakalniskiene, Miriam Parise, Farid Pazhoohi, A Pisanski, K Pisanski, Edna Ponciano, Camelia Popa, Pavol Prokop, N/A Riz Jul 2023

Correction To: ‘Sex Differences In Human Mate Preferences Vary Across Sex Ratios’ (2023) By Walter Et Al., Kathryn V. Walter, Daniel Conroy-Beam, David M. Buss, Kelly Asao, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Afifa Anjum, Chiemezie S. Atama, Da Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Mons Bendixen, Aicha Bensafia, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Katarzyna Cantarero, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Ilona Croy, Rosa María Cueto, Marcin Czub, Daria Dronova, Seda Dural, I Duyar, Berna Ertugrul, Agustín Espinosa, Ignacio Estevan, Carla Sofia Esteves, Luxi Fang, Tomasz Frackowiak, Jorge Contreras Garduño, Karina Ugalde González, Farida Guemaz, Petra Gyuris, Mária Halamová, Iskra Herak, Marina Horvat, Ivana Hromatko, Chin Ming Hui, Jas Laile Jaafar, Feng Jiang, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Tina Kavčič, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Nicolas Kervyn, Ha Tt Khanh, Imran Ahmed Khilji, Nils C. Köbis, Hoang Moc Lan, András Láng, Georgina R. Lennard, Ernesto León, Torun Lindholm, Trinh Thi Linh, Giulia Lopez, Nguyen Van Luot, Alvaro Mailhos, Zoi Manesi, Rocio Martinez, Sarah L. Mckerchar, Norbert Meskó, Girishwar Misra, Conal Monaghan, Emanuel C. Mora, Alba Moya-Garófano, Bojan Musil, Jean Carlos Natividade, Agnieszka Niemczyk, George Nizharadze, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee, Ike E. Onyishi, Baris Özener, Ariela Francesca Pagani, Vilmante Pakalniskiene, Miriam Parise, Farid Pazhoohi, A Pisanski, K Pisanski, Edna Ponciano, Camelia Popa, Pavol Prokop, N/A Riz

School of Psychology

The correct first affiliation is: Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50137, Poland Note that second and third affiliations are correct. The original has now been corrected. Correction to https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1115

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Boldness Is Not Associated With Dynamic Performance Capacity In Hermit Crabs., M Briffa, W Courtene-Jones Jul 2023

Boldness Is Not Associated With Dynamic Performance Capacity In Hermit Crabs., M Briffa, W Courtene-Jones

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Boldness, the way an individual reacts to risk, is a commonly studied personality trait in animals. Consistent among-individual differences in startle response durations (latency to recover from a startling stimulus) are frequently assumed to reflect variation in boldness. An alternative explanation is that these latencies are not directly driven by variation in responses to information on risk, but by underlying differences in dynamic performance capacities. Here we investigate this possibility by analysing relationships between locomotory speed, a measure of whole-body dynamic performance capacity in hermit crabs, and startle response duration, a repeatable latency measure used as an index of boldness. …

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Collaborative Leadership To Support Sustainability In Practice For Dietitians As Allied Health Professionals, Clare Pettinger, Smita Tripathi, Benji Shoker, Gary Hodge Jul 2023

Collaborative Leadership To Support Sustainability In Practice For Dietitians As Allied Health Professionals, Clare Pettinger, Smita Tripathi, Benji Shoker, Gary Hodge

School of Health Professions

Background Allied health professionals (AHPs) have an important role to support the Greener National Health Service (NHS) agenda. Dietitians are AHPs who are already demonstrating strong influence on food sustainability advocacy. There is call for more collaboration across the health professions to optimise “green” leadership in the pursuit of planetary health. The present study aimed to investigate the perceived role of AHP leaders and future leaders around more sustainable healthcare practices. Methods A mixed methods approach using audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with strategic AHP leaders (n = 11) and focus groups with student AHPs (n = 2). Standardised open-ended questions considered …

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Carbonate Compensation Depth Drives Abyssal Biogeography In The Northeast Pacific, E Simon-Lledó, Dj Amon, G Bribiesca‐Contreras, D Cuvelier, Et Al Jul 2023

Carbonate Compensation Depth Drives Abyssal Biogeography In The Northeast Pacific, E Simon-Lledó, Dj Amon, G Bribiesca‐Contreras, D Cuvelier, Et Al

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Abyssal seafloor communities cover more than 60% of Earth’s surface. Despite their great size, abyssal plains extend across modest environmental gradients compared to other marine ecosystems. However, little is known about the patterns and processes regulating biodiversity or potentially delimiting biogeographical boundaries at regional scales in the abyss. Improved macroecological understanding of remote abyssal environments is urgent as threats of widespread anthropogenic disturbance grow in the deep ocean. Here, we use a new, basin-scale dataset to show the existence of clear regional zonation in abyssal communities across the 5,000 km span of the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (northeast Pacific), an area targeted …

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Addressing The Ocean-Climate Nexus In The Bbnj Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights And Equity In Ocean Science, Elisa Morgera, Kirsty Mcquaid, Giulia La Bianca, Holly Niner, Lynne Shannon, Mia Strand, Sian Rees, Kerry Howell, Bernadette Snow, Alana Malinde Sn Lancaster, Warwick Sauer Jul 2023

Addressing The Ocean-Climate Nexus In The Bbnj Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights And Equity In Ocean Science, Elisa Morgera, Kirsty Mcquaid, Giulia La Bianca, Holly Niner, Lynne Shannon, Mia Strand, Sian Rees, Kerry Howell, Bernadette Snow, Alana Malinde Sn Lancaster, Warwick Sauer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) opens a new path in international law towards addressing issues at the ocean-climate nexus, as well as considering implications for the protection of human rights and achieving equity among States in the context of ocean knowledge production and environmental management. Based on an interdisciplinary reflection, the new international obligations on strategic environmental assessments (SEAs), and new institutional arrangements, are identified as crucial avenues to addressing climate change mitigation and ensuring fair research partnerships, mutual capacity-building and technology co-development between the Global North and South. SEAs can also support …

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A Risk Assessment For The Remote Ocean: The Case Of The South East Atlantic, Holly J. Niner, Siân E. Rees, Giulia La Bianca, Kirsty A. Mcquaid, Kerry L. Howell Jul 2023

A Risk Assessment For The Remote Ocean: The Case Of The South East Atlantic, Holly J. Niner, Siân E. Rees, Giulia La Bianca, Kirsty A. Mcquaid, Kerry L. Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Degradation of the natural world and associated ecosystem services is attributed to a historical failure to include its ‘value’ in decision-making. Uncertainty in the quantification of the relationship between natural capital ‘assets’ that give rise to critical societal benefits and people is one reason for the omission of these values from natural resource management. As this uncertainty increases in marine systems and further still with distance from the coast, the connection between society and natural capital assets is less likely to be included adequately in decision-making. Natural capital assets of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ), including those of the deep …

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Field Evidence Of Caddisfly Larvae (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae, Leptoceridae) Using Alien Crassula Helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne Fragments (Saxifragales: Crassulaceae) In Case Construction, Samuel J.L. Tasker, David T. Bilton Jul 2023

Field Evidence Of Caddisfly Larvae (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae, Leptoceridae) Using Alien Crassula Helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne Fragments (Saxifragales: Crassulaceae) In Case Construction, Samuel J.L. Tasker, David T. Bilton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

We present the first field observations of caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae using an invasive alien aquatic plant, Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne, in case construction. In samples from invaded ponds across the UK and Belgium, we have recorded the presence of C. helmsii fragments in cases from Limnephilus lunatus Curtis, Citation1834, Limnephilus marmoratus Curtis, Citation1834, Limnephilus flavicornis (Fabricius, Citation1787) (Limnephilidae), Triaenodes bicolor (Curtis, Citation1834), and Oecetis furva (Rambur, Citation1842) (Leptoceridae). Fragmentation of C. helmsii in case creation and augmentation may produce vegetative propagules, thus facilitating further dispersal of this invasive macrophyte.

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May Microbial Ecological Baseline Exist In Continental Groundwater?, Sining Zhong, Shungui Zhou, S Liu, Jiawen Wang, Chenyuan Dang, Qian Chen, Jinyun Hu, Shanqing Yang, Chunfang Deng, Wenpeng Li, J Liu, Alistair G.L. Borthwick, Jinren Ni Jul 2023

May Microbial Ecological Baseline Exist In Continental Groundwater?, Sining Zhong, Shungui Zhou, S Liu, Jiawen Wang, Chenyuan Dang, Qian Chen, Jinyun Hu, Shanqing Yang, Chunfang Deng, Wenpeng Li, J Liu, Alistair G.L. Borthwick, Jinren Ni

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Background Microbes constitute almost the entire biological community in subsurface groundwater and play an important role in ecological evolution and global biogeochemical cycles. Ecological baseline as a fundamental reference with less human interference has been investigated in surface ecosystems such as soils, rivers, and ocean, but the existence of groundwater microbial ecological baseline (GMEB) is still an open question so far. Results Based on high-throughput sequencing information derived from national monitoring of 733 newly constructed wells, we find that bacterial communities in pristine groundwater exhibit a significant lateral diversity gradient and gradually approach the topsoil microbial latitudinal diversity gradient with …

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Mitohifi: A Python Pipeline For Mitochondrial Genome Assembly From Pacbio High Fidelity Reads, Marcela Uliano-Silva, João Gabriel R.N. Ferreira, Ksenia Krasheninnikova, M Blaxter, Nova Mieszkowska, Neil Hall, Peter Holland, R Durbin, Thomas Richards, Paul Kersey, Peter Hollingsworth, Willie Wilson, Alex Twyford, Ester Gaya, Mara Lawniczak, Owen Lewis, Gavin Broad, Fergal Martin, Michelle Hart, Ian Barnes, Giulio Formenti, Linelle Abueg, James Torrance, Eugene W. Myers, R Durbin, M Blaxter, Shane A. Mccarthy Jul 2023

Mitohifi: A Python Pipeline For Mitochondrial Genome Assembly From Pacbio High Fidelity Reads, Marcela Uliano-Silva, João Gabriel R.N. Ferreira, Ksenia Krasheninnikova, M Blaxter, Nova Mieszkowska, Neil Hall, Peter Holland, R Durbin, Thomas Richards, Paul Kersey, Peter Hollingsworth, Willie Wilson, Alex Twyford, Ester Gaya, Mara Lawniczak, Owen Lewis, Gavin Broad, Fergal Martin, Michelle Hart, Ian Barnes, Giulio Formenti, Linelle Abueg, James Torrance, Eugene W. Myers, R Durbin, M Blaxter, Shane A. Mccarthy

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Background PacBio high fidelity (HiFi) sequencing reads are both long (15–20 kb) and highly accurate (> Q20). Because of these properties, they have revolutionised genome assembly leading to more accurate and contiguous genomes. In eukaryotes the mitochondrial genome is sequenced alongside the nuclear genome often at very high coverage. A dedicated tool for mitochondrial genome assembly using HiFi reads is still missing. Results MitoHiFi was developed within the Darwin Tree of Life Project to assemble mitochondrial genomes from the HiFi reads generated for target species. The input for MitoHiFi is either the raw reads or the assembled contigs, and the …

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Notes From The Anatolian Underground: Two New Mole Taxa From Eastern Turkey, Together With A Revised Phylogeny Of The Genus Talpa (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae), İslam Gündüz, Sadık Demirtaş, Metin Silsüpür, Medine Özmen, P. David Polly, David T. Bilton Jul 2023

Notes From The Anatolian Underground: Two New Mole Taxa From Eastern Turkey, Together With A Revised Phylogeny Of The Genus Talpa (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae), İslam Gündüz, Sadık Demirtaş, Metin Silsüpür, Medine Özmen, P. David Polly, David T. Bilton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Subterranean life is associated with strong adaptive constraints, leading to the frequent occurrence of morphologically cryptic lineages. This is true of most small mammals, including moles (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae), where a number of species have been recognized recently, particularly following the application of molecular genetics. Here, we use mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and geometric morphometrics to explore the systematics and evolution of some of the least-known Western Palaearctic moles: the Talpa davidiana group of Eastern Anatolia/Iran. We show that T. davidiana includes four taxa, two of which we describe herein: T. hakkariensis sp. nov., T. davidiana davidiana, T. davidiana …

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Editorial: The Adaptation And Response Of Aquatic Animals In The Context Of Global Climate Change, Da Huo, Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia, John I. Spicer, Hongsheng Yang Jul 2023

Editorial: The Adaptation And Response Of Aquatic Animals In The Context Of Global Climate Change, Da Huo, Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia, John I. Spicer, Hongsheng Yang

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Editorial on the Research Topic The adaptation and response of aquatic animals in the context of global climate change Anthropogenic climate change has brought on widespread changes in marine environments, including ocean warming, ocean acidification, the development and expansion of hypoxic zones. These environmental changes represent major threats to marine life, challenging the survival and adaptation of marine organisms. The adverse effects of these changes can interact in synergistic, additive or antagonistic ways (Huo et al., 2019a; Huo et al., 2019b; Small et al., 2020; Collins et al., 2021), evidencing different biological influence compared to their individual action (Huo et …

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The Limitations Of Periapical X-Ray Assessment In Endodontic Diagnosis—A Systematic Review, A Gliga, M Imre, S Grandini, C Marruganti, C Gaeta, D Bodnar, Ba Dimitriu, F Foschi Jul 2023

The Limitations Of Periapical X-Ray Assessment In Endodontic Diagnosis—A Systematic Review, A Gliga, M Imre, S Grandini, C Marruganti, C Gaeta, D Bodnar, Ba Dimitriu, F Foschi

Peninsula Dental School

Diagnosis is a key aspect in endodontic treatment, in a decade where invasive interventions are misapprehended as social tendency instead of medical necessity. All diagnostic facets should be considered before intending the operative phase. Intraoral endodontic radiology-based diagnosis has been shown to be limited. Periapical X-ray is the most used endodontic imaging, yet it does not provide high accuracy. Traditionally, dentists have been trained to diagnose a cyst by certain aspects (size, shape and appearance); hence, an assumption that teeth are affected by “periapical cyst” were subjected to unnecessary extraction or apicoectomy. The aim of this systematic review is to …

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Efficient Delivery Of Biological Cargos Into Primary Cells By Electrodeposited Nanoneedles Via Cell-Cycle-Dependent Endocytosis, Zongjie Wang, Hansen Wang, Sichun Lin, Mahmoud Labib, Sharif Ahmed, Jagotamoy Das, Stephane Angers, Edward H. Sargent, Shana O. Kelley Jul 2023

Efficient Delivery Of Biological Cargos Into Primary Cells By Electrodeposited Nanoneedles Via Cell-Cycle-Dependent Endocytosis, Zongjie Wang, Hansen Wang, Sichun Lin, Mahmoud Labib, Sharif Ahmed, Jagotamoy Das, Stephane Angers, Edward H. Sargent, Shana O. Kelley

Peninsula Medical School

Nanoneedles are a useful tool for delivering exogenous biomolecules to cells. Although therapeutic applications have been explored, the mechanism regarding how cells interact with nanoneedles remains poorly studied. Here, we present a new approach for the generation of nanoneedles, validated their usefulness in cargo delivery, and studied the underlying genetic modulators during delivery. We fabricated arrays of nanoneedles based on electrodeposition and quantified its efficacy of delivery using fluorescently labeled proteins and siRNAs. Notably, we revealed that our nanoneedles caused the disruption of cell membranes, enhanced the expression of cell–cell junction proteins, and downregulated the expression of transcriptional factors of …

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Prebiotic Effects Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharides On Fish Gut Microbiota, Growth, And Immunological Parameters – A Review, Claudious Gufe, Daniel L. Merrifield, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Pongsak Khunrae, Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab Jul 2023

Prebiotic Effects Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharides On Fish Gut Microbiota, Growth, And Immunological Parameters – A Review, Claudious Gufe, Daniel L. Merrifield, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Pongsak Khunrae, Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) are increasingly being explored as prebiotics in fish diets; however, their effects and modes of action have not been well evaluated. Reports have shown that dietary XOS has the potential to improve the proliferation of beneficial gut microbes, and their metabolites, and enhance disease resistance in several fish species. In contrast, other studies report no substantial changes in immune and growth parameters compared to control groups. Like all prebiotics, the mode of action of XOS is based on their selective stimulation of beneficial gut microbiota, which will outcompete and prevent pathogen proliferation in the gut, and produce metabolites …

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Functional Duplication Of The Short-Wavelength Sensitive Opsin In Sea Snakes: Evidence For Re-Expanded Colour Sensitivity Following Ancestral Regression, Ih Rossetto, Kl Sanders, B Fonseca Simoes, Nguyen C Van, Aj Ludington Jul 2023

Functional Duplication Of The Short-Wavelength Sensitive Opsin In Sea Snakes: Evidence For Re-Expanded Colour Sensitivity Following Ancestral Regression, Ih Rossetto, Kl Sanders, B Fonseca Simoes, Nguyen C Van, Aj Ludington

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Color vision is mediated by ancient and spectrally distinct cone opsins. Yet, while there have been multiple losses of opsin genes during the evolution of tetrapods, evidence for opsin gains via functional duplication is extremely scarce. Previous studies have shown that some secondarily marine elapid snakes have acquired expanded “UV–blue” sensitivity via changes at key spectral tuning amino acid sites of the Short-Wavelength Opsin 1 (SWS1) gene. Here, we use elapid reference genomes to show that the molecular origin of this adaptation involved repeated, proximal duplications of the SWS1 gene in the fully marine Hydrophis cyanocinctus. This species possesses four …

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Phytoplankton Responses To Dust Addition In The Femn Co-Limited Eastern Pacific Sub-Antarctic Differ By Source Region, Neil J. Wyatt, Antony Birchill, Simon Ussher, Angela Milne, Heather A. Bouman, Elizabeth Shoenfelt Troein, Katsiaryna Pabortsava, Alan Wright, Oliver Flanagan, Thomas S. Bibby, Adrian Martin, Cm Moore Jul 2023

Phytoplankton Responses To Dust Addition In The Femn Co-Limited Eastern Pacific Sub-Antarctic Differ By Source Region, Neil J. Wyatt, Antony Birchill, Simon Ussher, Angela Milne, Heather A. Bouman, Elizabeth Shoenfelt Troein, Katsiaryna Pabortsava, Alan Wright, Oliver Flanagan, Thomas S. Bibby, Adrian Martin, Cm Moore

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The seasonal availability of light and micronutrients strongly regulates productivity in the Southern Ocean, restricting biological utilization of macronutrients and CO2 drawdown. Mineral dust flux is a key conduit for micronutrients to the Southern Ocean and a critical mediator of multimillennial-scale atmospheric CO2 oscillations. While the role of dust-borne iron (Fe) in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has been examined in detail, manganese (Mn) availability is also emerging as a potential driver of past, present, and future Southern Ocean biogeochemistry. Here, we present results from fifteen bioassay experiments along a north–south transect in the undersampled eastern Pacific sub-Antarctic zone. In addition to …

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Perioperative Redox Changes In Patients Undergoing Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Cancer Surgery, Jl Stevens, Ht Mckenna, H Filipe, L Lau, Bo Fernandez, Aj Murray, M Feelisch, Ds Martin Jul 2023

Perioperative Redox Changes In Patients Undergoing Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Cancer Surgery, Jl Stevens, Ht Mckenna, H Filipe, L Lau, Bo Fernandez, Aj Murray, M Feelisch, Ds Martin

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Background Tissue injury induces inflammation and the surgical stress response, which are thought to be central to the orchestration of recovery or deterioration after surgery. Enhanced formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species accompanies the inflammatory response and triggers separate but integrated reduction/oxidation (redox) pathways that lead to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress (ONS). Quantitative information on ONS in the perioperative period is scarce. This single-centre exploratory study investigated the effects of major surgery on ONS and systemic redox status and their potential associations with postoperative morbidity. Methods Blood was collected from 56 patients at baseline, end of surgery (EoS) …

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Glucose-Enhanced Oxidative Stress Resistance—A Protective Anticipatory Response That Enhances The Fitness Of Candida Albicans During Systemic Infection, De Larcombe, Im Bohovych, A Pradhan, Q Ma, E Hickey, I Leaves, G Cameron, Gm Avelar, Lj De Assis, Ds Childers, Jm Bain, K Lagree, Ap Mitchell, Mg Netea, Lp Erwig, Nar Gow, Ajp Brown Jul 2023

Glucose-Enhanced Oxidative Stress Resistance—A Protective Anticipatory Response That Enhances The Fitness Of Candida Albicans During Systemic Infection, De Larcombe, Im Bohovych, A Pradhan, Q Ma, E Hickey, I Leaves, G Cameron, Gm Avelar, Lj De Assis, Ds Childers, Jm Bain, K Lagree, Ap Mitchell, Mg Netea, Lp Erwig, Nar Gow, Ajp Brown

Peninsula Medical School

Most microbes have developed responses that protect them against stresses relevant to their niches. Some that inhabit reasonably predictable environments have evolved anticipatory responses that protect against impending stresses that are likely to be encountered in their niches–termed “adaptive prediction”. Unlike yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica and other pathogenic Candida species we examined, the major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, activates an oxidative stress response following exposure to physiological glucose levels before an oxidative stress is even encountered. Why? Using competition assays with isogenic barcoded strains, we show that “glucose-enhanced oxidative stress resistance” phenotype …

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Giant Worm-Shaped Escrt Scaffolds Surround Actin-Independent Integrin Clusters, Femmy C. Stempels, Muwei Jiang, Harry M. Warner, Magda Lena Moser, Maaike H. Janssens, Sjors Maassen, Iris H. Nelen, Boer R De, William F. Jiemy, David Knight, Julian Selley, Ronan O’Cualain, Maksim V. Baranov, Thomas C.Q. Burgers, Roberto Sansevrino, Dragomir Milovanovic, Peter Heeringa, Matthew C. Jones, Rifka Vlijm, Beest M Ter, Den Bogaart G Van Jul 2023

Giant Worm-Shaped Escrt Scaffolds Surround Actin-Independent Integrin Clusters, Femmy C. Stempels, Muwei Jiang, Harry M. Warner, Magda Lena Moser, Maaike H. Janssens, Sjors Maassen, Iris H. Nelen, Boer R De, William F. Jiemy, David Knight, Julian Selley, Ronan O’Cualain, Maksim V. Baranov, Thomas C.Q. Burgers, Roberto Sansevrino, Dragomir Milovanovic, Peter Heeringa, Matthew C. Jones, Rifka Vlijm, Beest M Ter, Den Bogaart G Van

Peninsula Medical School

Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins can be transiently recruited to the plasma membrane for membrane repair and formation of extracellular vesicles. Here, we discovered micrometer-sized worm-shaped ESCRT structures that stably persist for multiple hours at the plasma membrane of macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts. These structures surround clusters of integrins and known cargoes of extracellular vesicles. The ESCRT structures are tightly connected to the cellular support and are left behind by the cells together with surrounding patches of membrane. The phospholipid composition is altered at the position of the ESCRT structures, and the actin cytoskeleton is locally …

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A Metabologenomics Approach To Unlock The Metabolome Of The Novel Antarctic Deep-Sea Isolate Lacinutrix Shetlandiensis Sp. Nov. Wur7, Giovanni A. Vitale, Grant G. January, Ernest Oppong-Danquah, Sala G Della, Esposito F Palma, Deniz Tasdemir, Pascale D De Jul 2023

A Metabologenomics Approach To Unlock The Metabolome Of The Novel Antarctic Deep-Sea Isolate Lacinutrix Shetlandiensis Sp. Nov. Wur7, Giovanni A. Vitale, Grant G. January, Ernest Oppong-Danquah, Sala G Della, Esposito F Palma, Deniz Tasdemir, Pascale D De

School of Biomedical Sciences

Abstract The South Shetland Trough, Antarctica, is an underexplored region for microbiological and biotechnological exploitation. Herein, we describe the isolation and characterization of the novel bacterium Lacinutrix shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7 from a deep-sea environment. We explored its chemical diversity via a metabologenomics approach, wherein the OSMAC strategy was strategically employed to upregulate cryptic genes for secondary metabolite production. Based on hybrid de novo whole genome sequencing and digital DNA–DNA hybridization, isolate WUR7 was identified as a novel species from the Gram-negative genus Lacinutrix. Its genome was mined for the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters with limited results. However, extensive …

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Effects Of Preservation By Ethanol On Δ13C And Δ15N Of Three Tissues Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla, Rose M. Boardman, Adrian C. Pinder, Adam T. Piper, Roberts C Gutmann, Rosalind M. Wright, John Robert Britton Jul 2023

Effects Of Preservation By Ethanol On Δ13C And Δ15N Of Three Tissues Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla, Rose M. Boardman, Adrian C. Pinder, Adam T. Piper, Roberts C Gutmann, Rosalind M. Wright, John Robert Britton

More Faculty of Science and Engineering Research

The temporal effects of ethanol preservation on the δ13C and δ15N values of tissues excised from European eel Anguilla anguilla were assessed. Preservation significantly enriched 13C values of fin and mucus but not dorsal muscle. The 13C enrichment occurred in the initial 15 days of preservation and was independent of initial eel mass. Tissue preservation effects on δ15N values were negligible. These tissue-specific isotopic shifts should be considered when ethanol-preserved eel samples are used.

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Peat Fires And The Unknown Risk Of Legacy Metal And Metalloid Pollution, Colin P.R. Mccarter, Gareth D. Clay, Sophie L. Wilkinson, Susan Page, Emma L. Shuttleworth, Scott J. Davidson, Muh Taufik, Gabriel Sigmund, James M. Waddington Jul 2023

Peat Fires And The Unknown Risk Of Legacy Metal And Metalloid Pollution, Colin P.R. Mccarter, Gareth D. Clay, Sophie L. Wilkinson, Susan Page, Emma L. Shuttleworth, Scott J. Davidson, Muh Taufik, Gabriel Sigmund, James M. Waddington

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Introduction. Peatlands have persisted for millennia, acting as globally-important sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Yu 2012) and regionally-important role sinks of pollutants, such as lead, arsenic, or mercury (toxic metals and metalloids, TMMs) (Bindler 2006). The role peatlands play in atmospheric carbon sequestration often overshadows their role in storing pollutants despite, for example, peat mercury accumulation rates increasing 60–130× relative to pre-industrial rates (Bindler 2006). Peatlands sustain their carbon and TMM sink persistence through a suite of ecohydrological feedbacks and plant traits (Souter and Watmough 2016, McCarter et al 2020). However, the interaction of climate change, land-use change and wildfire …

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Patterns Of Antiseizure Medications Prescribing In People With Intellectual Disability And Epilepsy: A Narrative Review And Analysis, D Branford, Jj Sun, L Burrows, R Shankar Jul 2023

Patterns Of Antiseizure Medications Prescribing In People With Intellectual Disability And Epilepsy: A Narrative Review And Analysis, D Branford, Jj Sun, L Burrows, R Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) have a bidirectional relationship with epilepsy. Nearly 25% of PwID have seizures and 30% people with epilepsy are thought to have a significant intellectual impairment. Furthermore, 70% of PwID are thought to have treatment-resistant epilepsy. In the United Kingdom, antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the second most widely prescribed psychotropic agent for PwID. However, it is unclear what the current evidence and patterns is on current prescribing of ASMs, including when and how a case is made to withdraw them. A narrative review along with an analysis of large-scale NHS Digital published data (2015–2020) on several …

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