Digital Commons Network^™

Mapping Home, Memory And Spatial Recovery In Forced Displacement, Sana Murrani, Helen Lloyd, Ioana Cristina Popovici

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Escaping war and persecution during the twenty-tens, over two-million displacees made life-risking journeys into Europe. Trauma continued for those who managed to cross borders and reach new havens: grappling with migration systems, searching for decent housing, and striving for social integration. This article presents empirical findings of a multi-modal participatory mapping project conducted with refugees and asylum seekers in Southwest England, and highlights the impact of memory and deep creative mapping on the spatial practice of making-home in forced displacement. The resulting maps embody spaces of recovery; memoryscapes revealing synergies between the constructs of memory and the concept of home …

Reflective Practice As A Threshold Concept In The Development Of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Rebecca Turner, Lucy Spowart

Plymouth Institute of Education

No abstract provided.

Global Urban Environmental Change Drives Adaptation In White Clover, James S. Santangelo, Rob W. Ness, Beata Cohan, Cr Fitzpatrick, Simon G. Innes, Sophie Koch, Lindsay S. Miles, Samreen Munim, Pedro R. Peres-Neto, Cindy Prashad, At Tong, Windsor E. Aguirre, Philips O. Akinwole, Marina Alberti, Jackie Álvarez, Jt Anderson, Jj Anderson, Yoshino Ando, Nigel R. Andrew, Fabio Angeoletto, Dn Anstett, J Anstett, Felipe Aoki-Gonçalves, Aza Arietta, Mary T.K. Arroyo, Emily J. Austen, Fernanda Baena-Díaz, Cory A. Barker, Howard A. Baylis, Julia M. Beliz

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best …

Anchoring Policies, Alignment Tensions: Reconciling New Zealand’S Climate Change Act And Emissions Trading Scheme, Tor Håkon Jackson Inderberg, Ian Bailey

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Climate Change Acts (CCAs) seek to anchor national climate policy by establishing long-term targets and lines of accountability that guide the development of other climate policy instruments. However, counter-pressures to modify CCAs can occur where tensions exist with the provisions of already-established policies that enjoy substantial political and stakeholder support. Such tensions can be especially pronounced where CCAs necessitate major changes to emissions trading schemes (ETSs) that have formed the mainstay of efforts to reduce national emissions. This article employs a novel anchoring policy framework to examine the dynamics of aligning ETSs with CCAs. We investigate debates on reforms to …

‘Everyone Is Trying To Outcompete Each Other’: A Qualitative Study Of Medical Student Attitudes To A Novel Peer‐Assessed Undergraduate Teamwork Module, Helen R. Watson, Mary Kate Dolley, Mohammad Perwaiz, Jocelyn Saxelby, Gianluca Bertone, Steven Burr, Tracey Collett, Robert Jeffery, Daniel Zahra

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Last Chance For Wildlife: Making Tourism Count For Conservation, Christy Hehir, Caroline Scarles, Kayleigh J. Wyles, Joe Kantenbacher

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Editorial: Re-Purposing Universities For Sustainable Human Progress, Iain S. Stewart, Victoria Hurth, Stephen Sterling

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Editorial on the Research TopicRe-Purposing Universities for Sustainable Human ProgressHumanity is confronting the most acute and urgent threat it has ever consciously faced. Soaring inequality, accelerating climate crises, ecological collapse, and social and psychological breakdown represent a multi-faceted socio-ecological crisis that is threatening viability of life on Earth. The undeniable evidence of this is fueling a growing global recognition that something has gone badly wrong with the ways in which our society has sought to optimize its wellbeing and that of non-human life which it brings into its ethical sphere of care. But what is the culpability of universities in …

Subaerial Volcanism Is A Potentially Major Contributor To Oceanic Iron And Manganese Cycles, Jack Longman, Martin R. Palmer, Thomas M. Gernon, Hayley R. Manners, Morgan T. Jones

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Surface ocean availability of the micronutrients iron and manganese influences primary productivity and carbon cycling in the ocean. Volcanic ash is rich in iron and manganese, but the global supply of these nutrients to the oceans via ash deposition is poorly constrained. Here, we use marine sediment-hosted ash composition data from ten volcanic regions, and subaerial volcanic eruption volumes, to estimate global ash-driven nutrient fluxes. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate average fluxes of dissolved Iron and Manganese from volcanic sources to be between 50 and 500 (median 180) and 0.6 and 3.2 (median 1.3) Gmol yr−1, respectively. Much of …

"Using Reflexivity As A Tool To Validate Feminist Research Based On Personal Trauma", Lisamarie Deblasio

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Sublethal Injuries And Physical Abnormalities In Maldives Manta Rays, Mobula Alfredi And Mobula Birostris, Elspeth M. Strike, Joanna L. Harris, Kirsty L. Ballard, Julie P. Hawkins, Jennifer Crockett, Guy M.W. Stevens

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Manta ray populations worldwide are vulnerable to sublethal injuries resulting from human activities, e.g., entanglement in fishing line and boat strikes, which have the potential to impact an individual’s health, fitness, and behaviour. Sublethal injuries and physical abnormalities also occur naturally from predation events, deformity, parasites, and disease. To determine the type and frequency of anthropogenic and natural originated injury events affecting Mobula alfredi and M. birostris in the Maldives, we examined data from the Manta Trust’s Maldivian Manta Ray Project (MMRP) database, which contains 73,638 photo-identification (photo-ID) sightings of the two manta ray species from 1987 to 2019. The …

Use And Usability Of Gp Online Services: A Mixed-Methods Sequential Study, Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Based On Qualitative Interviews, Analysis Of Routine Econsult Usage And Feedback Data, And Assessment Of Gp Websites In Devon And Cornwall, England, Ray B. Jones, John Tredinnick-Rowe, Rebecca Baines, Inocencio Daniel Cortes Maramba, Arunangsu Chatterjee

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Objectives We explored use and usability of general practitioner (GP) online services.

Setting Devon and Cornwall, England.

Design Mixed-methods sequential study based on qualitative interviews, analysis of routine eConsult usage and feedback data, and assessment of GP websites.

Methods First, we interviewed 32 staff and 18 patients from seven practices in June 2018. Second, we used routinely collected consultation meta-data and, third, patient feedback data for all practices using eConsult from June 2018 to March 2021. Lastly, we examined GP websites’ usability in January 2020 and September 2021.

Results Interviews suggested practices infrequently involved patients in eConsult implementation. Some patients …

Powerful Knowledge And Knowledgeable Practice, Jim Hordern

Plymouth Institute of Education

No abstract provided.

All Aboard For Ocean Literacy: Marine Outdoor Environmental Learning In The South West Of England, A Morgan, J Hepburn

Plymouth Institute of Education

No abstract provided.

No Recourse To Public Funds: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis, A Jolly, J Singh, S Lobo

School of Health Professions

Purpose This study aims to outlines the findings of the first qualitative evidence synthesis of empirical research on the impact of the No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) rule which prevents most temporary migrants from accessing social security benefits in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The review used the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol guidelines. Data were analysed by using Thomas and Harden’s (2008) thematic synthesis methodology. An initial 321 articles were identified from 13 databases, of which 38 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings The key insights were that NRPF causes destitution and extreme poverty and …

Subaerial-Submarine Morphological Changes At Stromboli Volcano (Italy) Induced By The 2019–2020 Eruptive Activity, Traglia F Di, Alessandro Fornaciai, Daniele Casalbore, Massimiliano Favalli, Irene Manzella, Claudia Romagnoli, Francesco Latino Chiocci, Paul Cole, Teresa Nolesini, Nicola Casagli

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This study analyses the morphological changes induced by eruptive activity at Stromboli volcano (Italy) during and after events occurring during July–August 2019. This period was characterized by intense eruptive activity (two paroxysmal explosions, a two-month-long lava emission, and more intense and frequent “ordinary” explosive activity) that produced significant changes within the region known as Sciara del Fuoco, located on the most unstable, north-western flank of the volcano. Since September 2019, the eruptive activity waned but remained intense, and erosive phenomena continued to contribute to the re-shaping of the Sciara del Fuoco. The morphological changes described here were documented by integrating …

Cosc-2 – Drilling The Basal Décollement And Underlying Margin Of Palaeocontinent Baltica In The Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen Of Scandinavia, Henning Lorenz, Jan Erik Rosberg, Christopher Juhlin, Iwona Klonowska, Rodolphe Lescoutre, George Westmeijer, Bjarne S.G. Almqvist, Mark Anderson, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson, Jens Kallmeyer, Jochem Kück, Oliver Lehnert, Luca Menegon, Christophe Pascal, Simon Rejkjær, Nick N.W. Roberts

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Abstract. The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project aims to characterise the structure and orogenic processes involved in a major collisional mountain belt by multidisciplinary geoscientific research. Located in western central Sweden, the project has drilled two fully cored deep boreholes into the bedrock of the deeply eroded Early Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen. COSC-1 (2014) drilled a subduction-related allochthon and the associated thrust zone. COSC-2 (2020, this paper) extends this section deeper through the underlying nappes (Lower Allochthon), the main Caledonian décollement, and the upper kilometre of basement rocks. COSC-2 targets include the characterisation of orogen-scale detachments, …

Pollen-Based Maps Of Past Regional Vegetation Cover In Europe Over Twelve Millennia - Evaluation And Potential, Esther Githumbi, Behnaz Pirzamanbein, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Ralph Fyfe, Florence Mazier, Anne Brigitte Nielsen, Shinya Sugita, Anna Kari Trondman, Jessie Woodbridge, Marie José Gaillard

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Understanding Engagement, Marketing, And Motivation To Benefit Recruitment And Retention In Citizen Science, Adam G. Hart, David Adcock, Matthew Barr, Stuart Church, Tamara Clegg, Samuel Copland, Meyer K De, Ria Dunkley, Rachel M. Pateman, Ralph Underhill, Kayleigh Wyles, Michael J.O. Pocock

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Media Coverage, Attention Cycles And The Governance Of Plastics Pollution, Ian Bailey

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Big-Data Approaches Lead To An Increased Understanding Of The Ecology Of Animal Movement, Mark A. Whiteside

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Palaeoecological Data Indicates Land-Use Changes Across Europe Linked To Spatial Heterogeneity In Mortality During The Black Death Pandemic, A. Izdebski, P. Guzowski, R. Poniat, L. Masci, J. Palli, C. Vignola, M. Bauch, C. Cocozza, R. Fernandes, F. C. Ljungqvist, T. Newfield, A. Seim, D. Abel-Schaad, F. Alba-Sánchez, L. Björkman, A. Brauer, A. Brown, S. Czerwiński, A. Ejarque, M. Fiłoc, A. Florenzano, E. D. Fredh, R. Fyfe, N. Jasiunas, P. Kołaczek, K. Kouli, R. Kozáková, M. Kupryjanowicz, P. Lagerås, P. Lagerås, M. Lindbladh, J. A. López-Sáez, R. Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, K. Marcisz, F. Mazier, S. Mensing, A. M. Mercuri, K. Milecka, Y. Miras, A. M. Noryśkiewicz, E. Novenko, M. Obremska, S. Panajiotidis, M. L. Papadopoulou, A. Pędziszewska, S. Pérez-Díaz, G. Piovesan, A. Pluskowski, P. Pokorny, A. Poska, T. Reitalu, M. Rösch, L. Sadori, Ferreira C Sá, D. Sebag, M. Słowiński, M. Stančikaitė, N. Stivrins, I. Tunno, S. Veski, A. Wacnik, A. Masi

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

AbstractThe Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen …

Remote Sensing Of Tundra Ecosystems Using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities And Challenges, Peter R. Nelson, Andrew J. Maguire, Zoe Pierrat, Erica L. Orcutt, Dedi Yang, Shawn Serbin, Gerald V. Frost, Matthew J. Macander, Troy S. Magney, David R. Thompson, Jonathan A. Wang, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sergio Vargas Zesati, Scott J. Davidson, Howard E. Epstein, Steven Unger, Petya K.E. Campbell, Nimrod Carmon, M Velez‐Reyes, K. Fred Huemmrich

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Thermal Safety Margins Of Plant Leaves Across Biomes Under A Heatwave, Nawatbhrist Kitudom, Sophie Fauset, Yingying Zhou, Zexin Fan, Murong Li, Mingjian He, Shubin Zhang, Kun Xu, Hua Lin

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Climate change has great impacts on forest ecosystems, especially with the increasing frequency of heatwaves. Thermal safety margin (TSM) calculated by the difference between body temperature and thermotolerance threshold is useful to predict thermal safety of organisms. It has been widely used for animals, whereas has rarely been reported for plants. Besides, most of the previous studies used only thermotolerance to estimate thermal safety or used thermotolerance and air temperature (Ta) to calculate TSM. However, leaf temperature (Tl) is the real "body" temperature of plant leaves. Tl decoupling from Ta might induce large error in TSM. Here, we investigated TSM …

Occurrence And Chemical Characteristics Of Microplastic Paint Flakes In The North Atlantic Ocean, Andrew Turner, Clare Ostle, Marianne Wootton

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Non-fibrous microplastics sampled by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey throughout the North Atlantic Ocean during 2018 have been recorded and a selection (n = 17, or 16.7%) physically and chemically characterised. The average abundance of non-fibrous particles captured by the plankton silks and detectable by microscopy was estimated to be around 0.01 m-3, with the highest concentrations evident in shelf seas of northwest Europe. Amongst the samples analysed, median size was 180 μm and, based on visible properties (e.g., brittleness, layering) and infra-red spectra, all but one were identified as flakes of paint. Semi-quantitative analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence …

Stepping Stones Towards Antarctica: Switch To Southern Spawning Grounds Explains An Abrupt Range Shift In Krill, Angus Atkinson, Simeon L. Hill, Christian S. Reiss, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Gregory Beaugrand, Geraint A. Tarling, Guang Yang, Deborah K. Steinberg, Katrin Schmidt, Martin Edwards, Emilce Rombolá, Frances A. Perry

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Poleward range shifts are a global-scale response to warming, but these vary greatly among taxa and are hard to predict for individual species, localized regions or over shorter (years to decadal) timescales. Moving poleward might be easier in the Arctic than in the Southern Ocean, where evidence for range shifts is sparse and contradictory. Here, we compiled a database of larval Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba and, together with an adult database, it showed how their range shift is out of step with the pace of warming. During a 70-year period of rapid warming (1920s–1990s), distribution centres of both larvae and …

Endotyping Asthma - Profiling The Metabolic Dimension?, Michael J. Wilde, Salman Siddiqui

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Asthma has long been recognised as a heterogeneous disease, and the notion of discrete endotypes of asthma has been prevalent for over a decade [1]. However, despite the success in identifying and targeting type-2 inflammation in asthma, the identification of tractable endotypes - has remained elusive; with not a single endotype defined with certainty. Here, Kelly et al, have reported putative novel asthma endotypes, defined using metabolomics (metabo-endotypes), in childhood asthma [2]. The metabolomics included unbiased multi-platform, metabolic profiling, using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The metabolic endotypes generated, were replicated against clinical outcomes in an independent cohort, …

The Impact Of Led Lighting Spectra In A Plant Factory On The Growth, Physiological Traits And Essential Oil Content Of Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis), Hail Z. Rihan, Naofel Aljafer, Marwa Jbara, Lynn Mccallum, Sabine Lengger, Michael P. Fuller

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

With the recent development of LED lighting systems for plant cultivation, the use of vertical farming under controlled conditions is attracting increased attention. This study investigated the impact of a number of LED light spectra (red, blue, green and white) on the growth, development and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), a herb and pharmaceutical plant species used across the world. White light and red-rich light spectra gave the best outputs in terms of impact on the growth and yield. For blue-rich spectra, the development and yield was lower despite having a significant impact on the photosynthesis activity, …

Macromolecular Composition And Substrate Range Of Three Marine Fungi Across Major Cell Types, Seth Thomas, Sabine K. Lengger, Kimberley E. Bird, Ro Allen, Michael Cunliffe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Abstract Marine fungi exist as three major cell types: unicellular yeasts, filamentous hyphae and zoosporic early-diverging forms, such as the Chytridiomycota (chytrids). To begin to understand the ecological and biogeochemical influence of these cell types within the wider context of other plankton groups, cell size and macromolecular composition must be assessed across all three cell types. Using a mass–balance approach to culture, we describe quantitative differences in substrate uptake and subsequent macromolecular distribution in three model marine fungi: the yeast Metschnikowia zobellii, the filamentous Epicoccum nigrum and chytrid Rhizophydium littoreum. We compared these model cell types with select oleaginous phytoplankton …

The Impact Of Diet On Wastewater Treatment Works Phosphorus Loading, Chloe Down, Sean Comber

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Non‐Lethal Sampling For The Stable Isotope Analysis Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla : How Fin And Mucus Compare To Dorsal Muscle, Rm Boardman, Ac Pinder, At Piper, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Rm Wright, Jr Britton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Ecological studies on the critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla often incorporate stable isotope analysis that typically uses dorsal muscle sampled from euthanised eels. To minimise the lethal sampling of imperilled populations, fin tissue and/or epidermal mucus can provide non-lethal alternatives to muscle. The results here indicate that δ13 C and δ15 N values of both eel fin and mucus are not significantly different from those of muscle and can be applied directly in comparative SI studies.