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Delta-Like 4 Notch Ligand Regulates Tumor Angiogenesis, Improves Tumor Vascular Function, And Promotes Tumor Growth In Vivo, J-L Li, Rca Sainson, W Shi, R Leek, Et Al Dec 2007

Delta-Like 4 Notch Ligand Regulates Tumor Angiogenesis, Improves Tumor Vascular Function, And Promotes Tumor Growth In Vivo, J-L Li, Rca Sainson, W Shi, R Leek, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis. However, clinical trials targeting the VEGF pathway are often ineffective, suggesting that other factors/pathways are also important in tumor angiogenesis. We have previously shown that the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) is up-regulated in tumor vasculature. Here, we show that DLL4, when expressed in tumor cells, functions as a negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis by reducing the number of blood vessels in all five types of xenografts, but acts as a positive driver for tumor growth in two of them (human glioblastoma and prostate cancer). The growth …

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Health & Physical Education Specialist Teachers: What Should Brisbane Catholic Education (Bce) Primary Principals Look For?, Tj Lynch Sep 2007

Health & Physical Education Specialist Teachers: What Should Brisbane Catholic Education (Bce) Primary Principals Look For?, Tj Lynch

Plymouth Institute of Education

The Health and Physical Education key learning area within Brisbane Catholic Education was given significant status during the release of the 1999 Health and Physical Education documents along with the adoption of the third enterprise bargaining agreement (EB3). EB3 entitled Catholic primary classroom teachers to 120 minutes of release time per week (Catholic Education Employing Authorities in Queensland, 2000). Release time is usually provided for classroom teachers by employing a specialist teacher. It seems to be a popular choice for many schools to employ a Health and Physical Education teacher so that both demands, to implement the Queensland Health and …

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Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Psychosocial Interventions For Individuals With Visible Differences: A Systematic Review Of The Empirical Literature., Alyson Bessell, Timothy P. Moss Sep 2007

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Psychosocial Interventions For Individuals With Visible Differences: A Systematic Review Of The Empirical Literature., Alyson Bessell, Timothy P. Moss

More Faculty of Health Research

The objective of this review was to systematically identify and evaluate all known studies testing empirically the efficacy of psychosocial intervention programmes for adults with visible differences. Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. None of the papers demonstrated adequately the clinical effectiveness of the interventions. The review concluded that further research was needed to demonstrate adequately the effectiveness of existing interventions, and a greater number of Randomised Controlled Trials and experimental studies were required to increase the methodological validity of intervention studies.

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Festival Publicity Helped Change Fishing Policy., Jm Hall-Spencer Jun 2007

Festival Publicity Helped Change Fishing Policy., Jm Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

In the late 1990s, I saw chunks of coral reef being trawled up off the UK at a time when the fishing industry was moving into deeper waters along the European Continental Shelf edge. As a trained marine biologist I was flabbergasted, since the text books said that coral reefs were restricted to warm tropical waters. It turned out that corals were amongst the first life forms discovered during pioneering deep-sea surveys off southwest Ireland in 1869. In fact, at least as many coral species are described from the deep sea as from shallow waters and large, reef-forming corals have …

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The Potential Of New Tumor Endothelium-Specific Markers For The Development Of Antivascular Therapy, J-L Li, Al Harris Jun 2007

The Potential Of New Tumor Endothelium-Specific Markers For The Development Of Antivascular Therapy, J-L Li, Al Harris

School of Biomedical Sciences

Angiogenesis is a hallmark of solid tumors, and disruption of tumor vasculature is an active anticancer therapy in some cases. Several proteins expressed on the surface of tumor endothelium have been identified during the last decade. However, due to the expression in both physiological and tumor angiogenesis, only a few targets have been developed for clinical therapeutics. By thorough SAGE analysis of mouse endothelial cells isolated from various normal resting tissues, regenerating liver, and liver-metastasized tumor, Seaman and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Cell have demonstrated organ-specific endothelial markers, physiological angiogenesis endothelial markers, and tumor endothelial markers and revealed …

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What Has Changed Since The 1992 Senate Inquiry Into Physical And Sport Education? An Evaluation Of School Responses Within Three Brisbane Catholic Education (Bce) Primary Schools., Tj Lynch May 2007

What Has Changed Since The 1992 Senate Inquiry Into Physical And Sport Education? An Evaluation Of School Responses Within Three Brisbane Catholic Education (Bce) Primary Schools., Tj Lynch

Plymouth Institute of Education

In 1992 a Senate Inquiry into the state of Physical Education and Sport within Australian Education systems was conducted by the Federal Government after claims that the Physical Education (PE) key learning area was in crisis. This was regarded as the most significant review in the history of Physical Education (Kirk, 1998). The Inquiry identified problems with resources, time allocation and the quality in which it was being delivered. Since the Senate Inquiry, detailed Health and Physical Education (HPE) curriculum documents have been developed and implemented which in Queensland replaced the outdated 1972 PE syllabus. This study found that within …

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Compositional Controls On Melting And Dissolving A Salt Into A Ternary Melt, Dc Hatton, Aw Woods May 2007

Compositional Controls On Melting And Dissolving A Salt Into A Ternary Melt, Dc Hatton, Aw Woods

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

We explore theoretically the controls on dissolution of salt A, in an undersaturated brine of salts A and B. We show that, as the concentration of B increases, the dissolution rate of A decreases, for brine of given temperature. We also show that there is a sharper decrease in dissolution rate with increasing concentration, for concentrations of B above a critical value, where B limits the equilibrium concentration. We explore the implications of the predictions for dissolution of KCl or NaCl, by a mixed brine of NaCl and KCl, a common reaction that may arise in dissolution of evaporites. We …

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Focusing On Body Sites: The Role Of Spatial Attention In Action Perception, P Bach, Na Peatfield, Sp Tipper Apr 2007

Focusing On Body Sites: The Role Of Spatial Attention In Action Perception, P Bach, Na Peatfield, Sp Tipper

School of Psychology

Humans use the same representations to code self-produced and observed actions. Neurophysiological evidence for this view comes from the discovery of the so-called mirror neurons in premotor cortex of the macaque monkey. These neurons respond when the monkey performs a particular action but also when it observes the same behavior in another individual. In humans, such direct links between perception and action seem to mediate action priming, where a response is facilitated when a similar action is observed. An issue that has not been fully resolved concerns the role of selective attention in these processes. Action priming appears to be …

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Transpressional Tectonics And Carboniferous Magmatism In The Limousin, Massif Central, France: Structural And40Ar/39Ar Investigations, A Gébelin, M Brunel, P Monié, M Faure, N Arnaud Apr 2007

Transpressional Tectonics And Carboniferous Magmatism In The Limousin, Massif Central, France: Structural And40Ar/39Ar Investigations, A Gébelin, M Brunel, P Monié, M Faure, N Arnaud

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

[1] New structural, microstructural, and 40Ar/39Ar data from the NW Massif Central (France) provide additional constraints on the timing and tectonic setting of late Variscan granite magmatism. Previous studies had emphasized the role of late orogenic extension in the emplacement of granite plutons in the Limousin region. In contrast, the new data set is consistent with syntectonic emplacement of magma in a dextral simple shear active from 350 to 300 Ma in a transpressional regime. As an alternative hypothesis to late orogenic extension, we propose that magmas migrated into tensional bridges between active P shears associated with a lithospheric shear …

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Arctic Coral Reefs, T Kerby, Jm Hall-Spencer Feb 2007

Arctic Coral Reefs, T Kerby, Jm Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Recent expeditions to the cold, northern waters of the Arctic have revealed giant deep-sea coral reefs. In this article, Tina Kerby and Jason Hall-Spencer describe the latest findings from a project to study these surprising environments.

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A Case Study In Using Electronic Presentation Media To Teach Mathematics, Brian Watson Feb 2007

A Case Study In Using Electronic Presentation Media To Teach Mathematics, Brian Watson

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Over the past decade the United Kingdom (UK) Government has invested substantially in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in all sectors of education. Investment has been in infrastructure, staff development and educational software. At the same time there has been concern about the achievements in mathematics of school leavers and about the decline in numbers of students choosing to study mathematics in Higher Education. Through its Widening Participation initiative, (UK) Government intends to increase the number of students entering Higher Education. An account is given of a project to make appropriate use of computer-based projection materials in the delivery of …

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Implicit Action Encoding Influences Personal-Trait Judgments, P Bach, Sp Tipper Feb 2007

Implicit Action Encoding Influences Personal-Trait Judgments, P Bach, Sp Tipper

School of Psychology

When an observed action (e.g., kicking) is compatible to a to be produced action (e.g., a foot-key response as compared to a finger-key response), then the self-produced action is more fluent, that is, it is more accurate and faster. A series of experiments explore the notion that vision-action compatibility effects can influence personal-trait judgments. It is demonstrated that when an observed individual carries out an action that is compatible with the participants' response, (1) this individual is identified more fluently, and (2) the observed individual's personality is attributed with the properties of the observed action. For example, if it is …

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Electronic Signatures For Copyright In The Uk: A Solution To The "Holy Grail" Of Document Delivery, G Titley Jan 2007

Electronic Signatures For Copyright In The Uk: A Solution To The "Holy Grail" Of Document Delivery, G Titley

More Faculty of Health Research

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to show that an electronic signature for copyright can be achieved in the UK.Design/methodology/approach - The article outlines, as a case study, the drivers for change that influenced the revisiting of the issue of electronic signatures for copyright by the University of Plymouth (UoP), how that signature has been achieved, and how the process has improved the document delivery service through the establishment of an electronic "request-to-delivery" service.Findings - The article finds that significant improvements in the ability of document delivery services to provide a fast and efficient service, with regard to …

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The Effect Of Gm Label Variation On Perceptions Of Genetically Modified Foods, Alexandra Jane Costello Jan 2007

The Effect Of Gm Label Variation On Perceptions Of Genetically Modified Foods, Alexandra Jane Costello

School of Psychology Theses

This thesis investigates the factors which are suggested to affect perceptions of genetically modified (GM) foods. It first tests the extent to which the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and perceived `outrage' are able to predict intentions towards buying GM foods using linear regression. It then focuses on how GM label design characteristics and linguistic variations influence perceptions of GM foods including measures of hazard perception and purchase intention using ANOVA repeated measures. Modelling is then used to identify whether label variations affect the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural …

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Late Quaternary Fire Histories In The Eastern Mediterrnean Region From Lake Sedimentary Micro-Charcoals, Rebecca Turner Jan 2007

Late Quaternary Fire Histories In The Eastern Mediterrnean Region From Lake Sedimentary Micro-Charcoals, Rebecca Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The Eastern Mediterranean has a long history of human occupation, which spans the transition from hunter-gatherers to the establishment of early agro-pastoralist communities, coinciding with the Last Glacial: Interglacial transition. Over the same timeframe a delay in post glacial woodland recolonisation in the region has been identified. Fire has long been used by people to manage and manipulate the landscape, and has been hypothesised to have played a role in this delay. This thesis employed lacustrine microcharcoal (particles less than 180 µm) remains to reconstruct Late Quaternary fire histories for Central Turkey and the Levant, and examine the possible role …

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The Marketing Strategies Of Livestock Enterprises In Objective One Regions : A Comparative Study Between Greece And United Kingdom, Lambros Tsourgiannis Jan 2007

The Marketing Strategies Of Livestock Enterprises In Objective One Regions : A Comparative Study Between Greece And United Kingdom, Lambros Tsourgiannis

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This research aims to identify the marketing decisions made by agricultural producers in two E. U. Objective I regions and to provide insights into the reasons that such decisions are made, with a particular focus on meat and milk products. Two farm business surveys; one in the involving sheep and goat farmers in the Region of East Macedonia and Thrace (EMT11) in Greece and one in the sheep and dairy cow fanners in Cornwall, U. K. were undertaken in order to identify their marketing behaviour. This study used robust predictive models incorporating bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques in order to …

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The Photodegradation Of Diazepam And Its Human Metabolites In Water, Charles Edward West Jan 2007

The Photodegradation Of Diazepam And Its Human Metabolites In Water, Charles Edward West

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

In recent years, the environmental occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceuticals or pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and their metabolites have received increased attention. PhACs have been detected in wastewater, river water, marine waters and even sewage sludge and soil. Since PhACs are developed with the intention of stimulating or inhibiting physiological responses, these findings have prompted concern over their environmental fate and potential adverse effects on nontarget ecological species. The major source of discharge of PhACs to the environment is through sewage treatment works (STWs) effluents and sludges. Although used in quantities similar to many agrochemicals and other organic micropollutants, …

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The Ecology And Genetics Of Cirsium Dissectum (L.) Hill In The British Isles And Implications For Its Conservation, Natasha De Vere Jan 2007

The Ecology And Genetics Of Cirsium Dissectum (L.) Hill In The British Isles And Implications For Its Conservation, Natasha De Vere

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The aim of this study was to research the ecology and genetics of Cirsium dissectum and to discuss the implications of the results for its conservation. The ecology of C. dissectum was described through a review of the literature. Site characteristics, plant communities and reproductive biology were investigated by examining 22 populations throughout the British Isles. Microsatellite genetic markers were used to investigate levels of genetic diversity within and between these populations. Within populations, relationships between genetic diversity, population size, fitness and habitat quality (concentrating on soil nutrients and vegetation structure) were explored using multiple regression and structural equation modelling. …

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Middle To Late Holocene Sea-Level Change In Western Denmark : A Diatom-Based Study, Katie Szkornik Jan 2007

Middle To Late Holocene Sea-Level Change In Western Denmark : A Diatom-Based Study, Katie Szkornik

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Modem diatom assemblages and associated environmental variables were collected from six transects across the salt-marsh surface in the Ho Bugt embayment in western Denmark. The relationship between diatom assemblages and environmental variables (elevation, pH, salinity, loss on ignition, grain size) was explored using ordination techniques to assess the potential use of diatoms as sea-level indicators. Results for the two data sets analysed in ordinations indicate that elevation exerts a strong, independent and statistically significant influence on modem diatom distributions in the Ho Bugt embayment. Diatom-based transfer functions were subsequently developed to reconstruct changes in palaeomarsh-surface elevation based on the relationship …

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Late Jurassic To Early Cretaceous Stable Isotope And Geochemical Records From The Northern High Latitudes: Implications For Palaeoclimate, Elizabeth Victoria Nunn Jan 2007

Late Jurassic To Early Cretaceous Stable Isotope And Geochemical Records From The Northern High Latitudes: Implications For Palaeoclimate, Elizabeth Victoria Nunn

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The Jurassic and Cretaceous periods are widely accepted as being dominated by greenhouse conditions with elevated CO2 levels and warm polar regions. Although much compelling evidence to support this idea of global warmth exists, some recent studies propose that the greenhouse climate may at times have been punctuated by sub-freezing polar conditions and the presence of limited polar ice. The evidence, however, is somewhat equivocal and is both spatially and temporally limited with much of this research until now being concentrated in mid- to low latitudes, despite it being generally accepted that global climate is defined to a significant degree …

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Late Quaternary Fire Histories In The Eastern Mediterranean Region From Lake Sedimentary Micro-Charcoals, Rebecca Turner Jan 2007

Late Quaternary Fire Histories In The Eastern Mediterranean Region From Lake Sedimentary Micro-Charcoals, Rebecca Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The Eastern Mediterranean has a long history of human occupation, which spans the transition from hunter-gatherers to the establishment of early agro-pastoralist communities, coinciding with the Last Glacial: Interglacial transition. Over the same timeframe a delay in postglacial woodland recolonisation in the region has been identified. Fire has long been used by people to manage and manipulate the landscape, and has been hypothesised to have played a role in this delay. This thesis employed lacustrine micro charcoal (particles less than 180 !lm) remains to reconstruct Late Quaternary fire histories for Central Turkey and the Levant, and examine the possible role …

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Microbially-Mediated Methyl Iodide Cycling In A Particle-Rich Estuary, Noble Kwame Asare Jan 2007

Microbially-Mediated Methyl Iodide Cycling In A Particle-Rich Estuary, Noble Kwame Asare

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The dynamics of aquatic systems (e.g. estuarine systems) are known to facilitate the formation of particle aggregates. These nutrient-rich particulate matter provide suitable substrate for bacteria colonization. Although bacteria-aggregate association is known to result in the degradation of particulate organic matter (POM) in aquatic systems, it has never been attributed to the production of methyl iodide (CH3I) (an environmentally important biogas that has the potential to impact on atmospheric chemistry). From literature, there are evidences which suggest that, certain bacteria (methylotrophs) are capable of oxidizing methyl halides including CH3I. Therefore this study investigates microbial production and removal of CH3I in …

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Marine Biogeochemistry Studies Of Iron And Hydrogen Peroxide Using Flow Injection-Chemiluminescence, Angela Milne Jan 2007

Marine Biogeochemistry Studies Of Iron And Hydrogen Peroxide Using Flow Injection-Chemiluminescence, Angela Milne

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Iron is an essential micronutrient for the growth of planktonic species. It is an integral element of numerous enzymes and proteins with important functions in photosynthesis and respiratory electron transport. In contrast to iron, hydrogen peroxide (H202 is ubiquitous in seawater. Phytoplankton are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and H202 . This production, in conjunction with membrane bound reductases, may affect an organism's ability to access nutrients such as iron. The work presented in this thesis describes the development and optimisation of sensitive flow injection-chemiluminescence techniques to assess redox processes at the cellular level and …

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Spatial And Temporal Constraints On The Pattern Of Crustal Rotation In The Central Andean Forearc Of Northern Chile (27-30°S), Ben Dashwood Jan 2007

Spatial And Temporal Constraints On The Pattern Of Crustal Rotation In The Central Andean Forearc Of Northern Chile (27-30°S), Ben Dashwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

A total of 125 sites have been collected for palaeomagnetic analysis from two localities within the Coastal Cordillera and Precordillera regions of Northern Chile, between 27-30 °S, in addition to -200 samples collected from a magnetostratigraphic profile through the Pabellón Formation. In the southernmost (Tres Cruces) sampling locality, spanning the Coastal Cordillera- Precordillera boundary, the early, mid and latest Cretaceous-earliest Paleocene magmatic arcs intrude the earliest Cretaceous country rocks to the west and late Cretaceous rocks to the east. An ~50km transect sampled along Quebrada de Los Choros (~29°45'S), indicates that a consistent clockwise rotation of ~10°is recorded by primary …

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Geochronology Of Salt-Marsh Sediments, William Alderman Marshall Jan 2007

Geochronology Of Salt-Marsh Sediments, William Alderman Marshall

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Salt-marsh sediments can provide important achives of past sea levels if they can besecurely dated. This thesis investigates eight methods for dating salt-marsh sediments.These include traditional and established dating methods (¹⁴C dating and theradionuclides ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹ºPb) and more novel approaches to dating the deposition ofsalt-marsh sediments (palaeomagnetic dating, the use of' atmospheric stable leaddeposition, tephra chronologies, pollen markers, SCP analysis and the use ofatmospheric ¹⁴C 'bomb spike' and high-precision AMS ¹⁴C measurements). Sites wereselected to provide contrasting sediment sequences that differed both in lithology andaccumulation rates and included salt marshes from the Taf estuary (southwest Wales),the Arne Peninsula (southern …

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Ecological Impact Of The Carcinus Maenas (L.) Fishery 'Crab-Tiling' On Estuarine Fauna, Emma Sheehan Jan 2007

Ecological Impact Of The Carcinus Maenas (L.) Fishery 'Crab-Tiling' On Estuarine Fauna, Emma Sheehan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The ecological effects of the green shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) fishery was investigated in estuaries on the south west coast of the UK. The fishery known as 'crab-tiling' involves 'crab-tilers' laying artificial refugia such as car tyres, guttering or roof tiles, intertidally in estuaries. 'Crab-tiles' are specifically laid on mudflats and sandflats to attract moutling crabs seeking refuge, these crabs are then collected to use or sell as bait for recreational angling. Many estuaries that are crab-tiled are subject to a range of International, European and National legislation as they are of great conservation importance. For example, they provide …

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The Distribution Of Phylogenetic Diversity Of Mammals In Mexico And Its Implications For Conservation, Ena Edith Mata Zayas Jan 2007

The Distribution Of Phylogenetic Diversity Of Mammals In Mexico And Its Implications For Conservation, Ena Edith Mata Zayas

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The current rate of biodiversity loss has stimulated studies aimed at identifying areas of concentration of biodiversity where conservation efforts can be targeted. Phylogeny has become an important element in conservation either to preserve areas of high phylogenetic diversity (and therefore evolutionary history) or to identify species attributes that make them prone to become endangered or at risk of extinction. This dissertation dealt with the quantification of phylogenetic diversity of Mexican mammals, its geographic distribution, and its correlation with both the life history attributes of the species and selected characteristics of the environment. In order to do this, I had …

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Effects Of Hyperbaric Oxygen On Oxidative Stress, Angiogenesis Factors And Endothelial Cell Injury, Jianfeng Yuan Jan 2007

Effects Of Hyperbaric Oxygen On Oxidative Stress, Angiogenesis Factors And Endothelial Cell Injury, Jianfeng Yuan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is the administration of 100% oxygen at more than one atmosphere. It greatly improves tissue oxygenation and facilitates mechanisms of wound healing, which in turn benefits some patients with chronic wounds. A prominent fact in therapeutic HBO is the acceleration of neoangiogenesis during granulation tissue formation. Angiogenesis is a highly orchestrated event, a diverse range of cells and angiogenesis factors are involved in the process. The formation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) during HBO has been controversially considered as signalling regulator for angiogenic factors, as well as harmful originator for oxidative stress-induced cyto- and geno-toxicity in …

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An Evaluation Of Multivariate Statistical Techniques For The Analysis Of Yield From Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Breeding Trials Data, Ahmed Abdullah Jan 2007

An Evaluation Of Multivariate Statistical Techniques For The Analysis Of Yield From Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Breeding Trials Data, Ahmed Abdullah

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This project involved two locations (Breda and Tel Hadya) over two seasons (1993 and 1994). Yield was found to have been affected by many factors including environment, genotype and morphological characters. A genotype-environment interaction (GEl) was also discovered. To investigate the influence of morphological characters on yield parameters, multivariate statistical techniques (canonical analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis (linear and exponential)) were used. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to three hybrids (Hybrid 1, 2 and 3) in replicated field plots at two locations (Breda and Tel Hadya) in two seasons. Canonical analysis and factor analysis revealed a significant relationship …

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Two-Tier Intrusion Detection System For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Shukor Abd Razak Jan 2007

Two-Tier Intrusion Detection System For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Shukor Abd Razak

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Nowadays, a commonly used wireless network (i.e. Wi-Fi) operates with the aid of a fixed infrastructure (i.e. an access point) to facilitate communication between nodes when they roam from one location to another. The need for such a fixed supporting infrastructure limits the adaptability of the wireless network, especially in situations where the deployment of such an infrastructure is impractical. In addition, Wi-Fi limits nodes' communication as it only provides facility for mobile nodes to send and receive information, but not reroute the information across the network. Recent advancements in computer network introduced a new wireless network, known as a …

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