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Interfacing High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry For Speciation Studies, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns
Interfacing High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry For Speciation Studies, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
A novel interface for the coupling of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the speciation of organometallic compounds has been developed and utilised for a number of diverse applications. Desolvation of the sample prior to reaching the plasma is shown to facilitate a more versatile coupling of the two instrumental techniques. This has been achieved by first volatilising the aerosol after nebulisation of the sample in a heated cyclone spray chamber. The resulting vapour is removed using a membrane drier and a thermoelectrically cooled condenser. The apparatus developed has been fully optimised to …
The Agricultural Ecology Of Hay Meadows Within The Somerset Levels And Moors Environmentally Sensitive Area, Francis William Kirkham
The Agricultural Ecology Of Hay Meadows Within The Somerset Levels And Moors Environmentally Sensitive Area, Francis William Kirkham
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Ecologicai and productivity responses to agricultural management were studied over eiglit years in species-ricii hay meadows within a Site of Special Scientific Interest on a Somerset peat moor. The vegetation typified that of many wet meadows on the Somerset Levels and elsewhere, definable as MG5 {Cynosurus cristatus-Centaurea nigra meadow) and MG8 {Cynosurus cristatus-Caittia palustris flood pasture) within the National Vegetation Classification. The effects of inorganic fertilizers on species diversity, soil nitrogen loss and agricultural productivity (hay yield and beef production during aftermath grazing), were investigated during 1986-90. These data were subsequently analyzed for the effects of variations in water table …
The Spatial Characterisation Of Transitional Areas Between Plant Communities: A Case Study From Upland Britain, Wendy Jane Gill
The Spatial Characterisation Of Transitional Areas Between Plant Communities: A Case Study From Upland Britain, Wendy Jane Gill
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The concept of the ecotone was formalised by Clements (1 905) as a boundary zone between plant communities. Little research exists on the ecological importance or the geographical variability of these zones. Two types of boundaries are acknowledged: the ecotone and the ecocline. The ecotone is a sharp boundary; the ecocline a gradual boundary. The term 'transitional area' is proposed here to more accurately describe these areas as this research demonstrates that a complex continuum exists between the two end points. Additionally, mosaics often complicate the nature of the transition and may form a boundary type in their own right. …
Industrial Restructuring And Revitalisation In The Uk Coastal Zone, Sarah Jane Harcombe
Industrial Restructuring And Revitalisation In The Uk Coastal Zone, Sarah Jane Harcombe
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
This thesis provides an analysis of the social, economic and environmental consequences of oil refinery closures in the coastal zone of the UK. It assesses the subsequent economic regeneration of the sites affected, and discusses in particular the redevelopment processes that have occurred at two of the sites. Despite recent calls for a more integrated approach to the coastal zone, much work that is done still takes place within single disciplines. In contrast this work adopts an holistic approach and therefore also contributes to the growing body of interdisciplinary coastal studies.
The Effects Of Whole Tree Harvesting On Site Hydrology And Soil Structure At Beddgelert Forest, N. Wales, Uk, Julia Elizabeth Hodgkins
The Effects Of Whole Tree Harvesting On Site Hydrology And Soil Structure At Beddgelert Forest, N. Wales, Uk, Julia Elizabeth Hodgkins
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The ITE biogeochemistry group monitoring solute movement at Beddgelert Forest provided an opportunity to study the hydrology of a steep section of hillslope in a high rainfall environment. The aim of the experiment was to characterise and compare the hillslope hydrologies of one forested and one whole tree harvested site. Particular attention was paid to the influence of trees both directly on soil water pathways and indirectly on soil characteristics. Atmospheric inputs were monitored for the slope and individual plots for one year. In spite of high rainfall volumes, the slope was not waterlogged indicating a soil with high conductivity. …
Some Magnetic Properties Of Bore Core Sediments, Huajun Shi
Some Magnetic Properties Of Bore Core Sediments, Huajun Shi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The first eight chapters of this thesis describe a study of the magnetic effects of drilling on bore cores of sedimentary rocks. Extensive rock and palaeo- magnetic methods were used to investigate such effects in three collections of bore cores from the North Sea and Sellafield, U.K., and Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. It is evident that a drilling imposed remanent magnetisation (DIRM) resides in the North Sea and Prudhoe Bay bore cores which is characterised by symmetries in its intensity and direction relative to the core axis. Such DIRM correlated well with the theoretically modelled magnetic field at one end of …
Socioeconomic Processes Of Land Degradation In Guadalajara Province (Spain), Jose Domingo Garcia Perez
Socioeconomic Processes Of Land Degradation In Guadalajara Province (Spain), Jose Domingo Garcia Perez
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Despite the great growth and interest in the study of socioeconomic processes of land degradation in many parts of the world, relatively little attention has been paid to these in Spain. Foresters play an important part in the national strategy to solve the problems of land degradation. It might be expected that after the changes which restored political democracy in Spain in the late 1970s, a reorganization of the way the planning and implementation of soil and water conservation projects through reforestation would be effected. The reforestation agencies of the Government could have improved the effectiveness of conservation by acknowledging …
Flow Injection And Chemometric Techniques For The On-Line Monitoring Of Industrial Liquid Effluents, Kevin Neil Andrew
Flow Injection And Chemometric Techniques For The On-Line Monitoring Of Industrial Liquid Effluents, Kevin Neil Andrew
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The legal requirement to monitor discharges of harmful substances in industrial waste waters is presented in Chapter One, which also discusses the merits of using automated online analytical instruments for this purpose. Flow injection analysis with solid-state UV-visible detection is proposed as a potential on-line effluent monitoring technique, and the principles and advantages of this methodology are summarised. Chapter Two describes the development of a portable, automated Fl monitor for on-line determination of ammonia in liquid effluents. The development process culminates with deployments of the system at two chemical production sites, and validated results are presented for on-line analyses of …
The Middle To Late Cretaceous Microbiostratigraphy (Foraminifera) And Lithostratigraphy Of The Cauvery Basin, Southeast India, Archana Tewari
The Middle To Late Cretaceous Microbiostratigraphy (Foraminifera) And Lithostratigraphy Of The Cauvery Basin, Southeast India, Archana Tewari
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The present research is on the Cretaceous microbio- and litho-stratigraphy of the Cauvery Basin, Southeast India. The planktonic and benthonic foraminifera are used to establish microbiostratigraphic zonations for the mid-Cretaceous succession in the Basin; leading to the first proposal of a benthonic foraminiferal zonation scheme. The schemes are primarily defined for regional application. In the absence of a formal lithostratigraphic classification for the Cretaceous succession in the Basin, a revised lithostratigraphy, in line with standard stratigraphic procedure, is proposed. The systematic taxonomy of the foraminifera studied is documented and revised in line with Western standards. The study shows that, in …
Investigation Of Chelating Dye Impregnated Resins For The Selective Adsorption And Separation Of Trace Metals From Aqueous Solutions, Richard Matthew Charles Sutton
Investigation Of Chelating Dye Impregnated Resins For The Selective Adsorption And Separation Of Trace Metals From Aqueous Solutions, Richard Matthew Charles Sutton
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The preparation and characterisation of novel, high efficiency chelating sorbents which were suitable for the preconcentration and separation of trace metals from complex matrices using a single column has been described. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates in the form of cellulose and polystyrene resins were modified with chelating dyes by either covalent bonding or physical adsorption respectively. Large particle size polystyrene resins were used for preliminary investigations of dye loading and metal retaining capacities. After crushing resins to an intermediate particle size, capacity factors (k' values) and metal retaining capacities of four resins were determined. One resin, MN200, was chosen for …
Holocene Palaeohydrology From Testate Amoebae Analysis: Developing A Model For British Peatlands, Wendy Ann Woodland
Holocene Palaeohydrology From Testate Amoebae Analysis: Developing A Model For British Peatlands, Wendy Ann Woodland
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) are particularly abundant in peatlands. Previous studies have used testate amoebae in palaeoenvironmental studies, but have used qualitative data only, so that results are expressed only in terms of 'wet', 'dry' or 'moist'. This study uses testate amoebae to derive quantitative reconstructions of mire surface wetness for part of the Holocene and is split into two parts. The first part of this study modelled the responses of individual testate amoebae species to environmental variables on ombrotrophic mires, since the peatland-climate link makes these habitats the one of the most useful in palaeoclimate reconstructions. 163 samples of …
Investigation And Computer Modelling Of The Pore Structure Of Paper And Of Consolidated Pigment Coatings, John Kettle
Investigation And Computer Modelling Of The Pore Structure Of Paper And Of Consolidated Pigment Coatings, John Kettle
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The aim of this project was to enhance the current state of knowledge of the void structure of paper, and pigments used to coat paper. The porosities and pore size distributions of consolidated pigments were measured using mercury porosimetry. Prior to this work, mercury porosimetry was rarely used in this field due to problems associated with the conventional interpretation of mercury porosimetry data. These problems were examined and two limitations of mercury porosimetry were addressed. Firstly, the shrinkage of compressible samples causes an apparent increase in void volume and secondly, large void spaces shielded by smaller ones are not intruded …
Flow Injection Instrumentation For The In Situ Monitoring Of Nutrients In Sea Water, Anthony R. J . David
Flow Injection Instrumentation For The In Situ Monitoring Of Nutrients In Sea Water, Anthony R. J . David
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
In order to investigate the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems, a quantitative understanding of primary production and the temporal and spatial distribution of nutrients is necessary. This thesis describes the development of a submersible FI based nutrient sensor for the in situ determination of nitrate in estuarine and coastal waters. Chapter One describes the role of nitrogen in the global and marine nitrogen cycles and provides an overview of laboratory and in situ methods for its determination. Chapter Two describes the key parameters for a field instrument and culminates with the overall design specification for the system. Chapter Three describes in …
Flow Injection, Vibrational Spectroscopy And Multivariate Calibration Techniques For On-Line Process Monitoring, Ian Wells
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The fundamental concepts of process analytical chemistry are presented in Chapter One, which also discusses the different approaches and advantages of performing process analysis in-situ. The principles and instrumentation of flow injection analysis are presented with particular emphasis on multi-detemiinations and process applications. Flow injection analysis with Fourier transform infrared detection is proposed as a potential on-line monitoring technique highlighting its ability for simultaneous multi-analyte determinations. The principles of chemometric data analysis are summarised in Chapter Two along with the systematic approach to data analysts used in this thesis. Algorithms for experimental design, data pre-processing, exploratory data analysis (RCA) and …
Flow Injection Chemistries For The In Situ Monitoring Of Nutrients In Sea Water, Trevor Mccormack
Flow Injection Chemistries For The In Situ Monitoring Of Nutrients In Sea Water, Trevor Mccormack
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
In order to investigate the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems, a quantitative knowledge of nutrient status i.e. spatial and temporal distribution, and primary production is necessary. This thesis describes chemistries for the determination of the major nutrient species, nitrate (as total oxidised nitrogen minus nitrite) and phosphate (as orthophosphate) using Flow Injection (FI) analysis. Chapter One describes the role of nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquatic environment and overviews laboratory and in situ methods for their determination. Chapter Two describes the development and optimisation of an FI method for the determination of nitrate in natural waters of varying salinity (0-3 5 …
Social Housing In Waterfront Regeneration: A Critical Evaluation, Imelda Isabella Giarchi
Social Housing In Waterfront Regeneration: A Critical Evaluation, Imelda Isabella Giarchi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
This thesis provides a critical analysis of the suitability of mixed-use waterfront revitalisation as a setting for social housing schemes. Although the latter have become increasingly common on British waterfronts in recent years, it can be argued that for a variety of reasons the waterfront may be an inappropriate location in which to create new, and possibly vulnerable, social housing communities. This proposition is tested through three empirical investigations. Each of these assesses resident satisfaction with respect to the housing itself, the immediate revitalised environment and the regenerated waterfront's degree of integration with the city and its services. A variety …
A Palaeomagnetic Study Of Crustal Rotations And Their Relationship To The Tectonics Of The Atacama And Domeyko Fault Systems, Northern Chile, Darren Edward Randall
A Palaeomagnetic Study Of Crustal Rotations And Their Relationship To The Tectonics Of The Atacama And Domeyko Fault Systems, Northern Chile, Darren Edward Randall
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
A total of 178 sites have been collected for palaeomagnetic analysis from within two strike-slip fault systems in northern Chile (25.4°S - 26.4°S); the Atacama Fault System in the Coastal Cordillera, and the Domeyko Fault System in the Andean pre-Cordillera. In the Coastal Cordillera, analysis of Middle Jurassic lavas (La Negra Formation) and Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous dyke swarms reveal a consistent clockwise rotation of approximately 42°. The remanence from the La Negra Formation passes both fold and reversal tests and is interpreted as a pre-folding remanence. Four of the five dyke swarms have mixed polarity, suggesting that they …
The Fate Of Naphthalene And N-Alkylnaphthalenes During Combustion, And An Evaluation Of The Sources Of These Compounds In Diesel Exhaust Emissions, Robin Douglas Pemberton
The Fate Of Naphthalene And N-Alkylnaphthalenes During Combustion, And An Evaluation Of The Sources Of These Compounds In Diesel Exhaust Emissions, Robin Douglas Pemberton
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The main objective of this research was to understand the fate of naphthalene and n-alkylnaphthalenes during diesel combustion, and an evaluation of their sources in diesel exhaust emissions. This was achieved by the use of a procedure which employed a [14C]radiolabelled PAH technique and a diesel enriched fuel technique (DEFT). The combustion of diesel fuel spiked with [14C]naphthalene has shown unequivocally that 0.5% of the naphthalene contained in diesel fuel survives combustion under the engine conditions studied (2500 rpm and 50 Nm). The survived naphthalene represented 22.8% of the total recovered naphthalene, the other 77.2% was presumably pyrosynthetic in nature. …
Slurry, Solution And Speciation Analysis By Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Karen Lorraine O'Hanlon
Slurry, Solution And Speciation Analysis By Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Karen Lorraine O'Hanlon
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry has been investigated for solution, slurry and speciation analysis. It has been shown that it is possible to optimise a simultaneous multielement analysis for slurry and solution samples using solid state detection and optimisation algorithms. A range of certified reference materials have been analysed using optimum conditions and results were in good agreement with certified values. Slurry nebulisation has been used for the first time in the analysis of NIST SRM Total Diet' and carbon black samples. Both radially and axially viewed ICP spectrometers were used in these studies. Modifications of the mass transport …
Human-Environmental Relations On Bodmin Moor During The Holocene, Benjamin Richard Gearey
Human-Environmental Relations On Bodmin Moor During The Holocene, Benjamin Richard Gearey
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
This thesis describes palaeoenvironmental investigations on Bodmin Moor aimed at determining the timing, nature and extent of human induced environmental change on the moor. Pollen, charcoal and loss-on-ignition investigations were carried out at two main areas with chronological control provided by radiocarbon dating. The first area investigated was Rough Tor where five sequences were examined.
Environmental Speciation Of Tin And Lead By Hplc-Icp-Ms, Cristina Rivas-Urraca
Environmental Speciation Of Tin And Lead By Hplc-Icp-Ms, Cristina Rivas-Urraca
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
New methodologies have been developed for the determination of organotin and organolead compounds in environmental samples. Several high performance liquid chromatographic separations of organotin compounds have been tested and the best system (cation-exchange chromatography with methanol and a citrate buffer) employed for the determination of tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in environmental samples. The coupling between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLQ and the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for this application has been modified to yield limits of detection of 0.44,0.26,1.4 and 0.23 ng. g-' as Sri for TBT, TPhT, DBT and MBT respectively. Different extraction …
Information For Elderly People: A Vital But Missing Link In Community Care, Helen Phillips
Information For Elderly People: A Vital But Missing Link In Community Care, Helen Phillips
Other Faculty of Health Theses
The aim of this thesis has been to explore the interrelationship between elderly people and information. A case-study approach was adopted which examined whether the information needs of elderly people (consumers) in relation to community care had, in their perception. been addressed by the Information Strategy developed by the Social Services Department of one shire county (providers) in response to the Community Care Act 1990 to provide information about its services and how to access them. Two key findings emerge from the research. Firstly, elderly people's information needs in relation to community care have not been addressed by the Information …
The In Vitro Manipulation Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea L. Convar. Botrytis (L.) Alef. Var. Botrytis L.) Meristematic Tissues For Utilisation In Genetic Improvement Programmes, Martin Louis Kieffer
The In Vitro Manipulation Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea L. Convar. Botrytis (L.) Alef. Var. Botrytis L.) Meristematic Tissues For Utilisation In Genetic Improvement Programmes, Martin Louis Kieffer
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Cauliflower curd meristem activity (organogenic, plastochronic, phyllotactic) was analysed biometrically and confirmed that the curd is the product of a constant process of meristem production and branch ramification with little if any dominance between branch apices. A growth model based on curd branching pattern was developed and its mathematical expression enabled the estimation of the number of meristems carried by a curd at maturity to be over ten million which was previously widely underestimated. Analysis of the response to the in vitro culture of this meristematic tissues revealed that meristems are not predetermined to produce flower and that their shoot …
The Effect Of Moisture Content And Composition On The Compressive Strength And Rigidity Of Cob Made From Soil Of The Breccia Measures Near Teignmouth, Devon, Matthew James Addison Greer
The Effect Of Moisture Content And Composition On The Compressive Strength And Rigidity Of Cob Made From Soil Of The Breccia Measures Near Teignmouth, Devon, Matthew James Addison Greer
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Earth has been used as a reliable building material for many thousands of years. Recently there has been a world wide renaissance in the use of earth as a building material due to its architectural versatility and environmental sustainability. However, in the United Kingdom it is regarded by the majority of building professionals as either obsolete or a novel historical material. The utilisation of earth as a modern building material and the repair of historic earth building structures is retarded by the uncertainty of the knowledge of the properties of the material. This thesis considers earth building materials as composite …
An Analysis Of The Genetic Algorithm And Abstract Search Space Visualisation, Richard Alan Harris
An Analysis Of The Genetic Algorithm And Abstract Search Space Visualisation, Richard Alan Harris
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
The Genetic Algorithm (Holland, 1975) is a powerful search technique based upon the principles of Darwinian evolution. In its simplest form the GA consists of three main operators - crossover, mutation and selection. The principal theoretical treatment of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is provided by the Schema Theorem and building block hypothesis (Holland, 1975). The building block hypothesis describes the GA search process as the combination, sampling and recombination of fragments of solutions known as building blocks. The crossover operator is responsible for the combination of building blocks, whilst the selection operator allocates increasing numbers of samples to good building …
International Collision Regulations For Automatic Collision Avoidance, Christopher James Perkins
International Collision Regulations For Automatic Collision Avoidance, Christopher James Perkins
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
This thesis considers the relationship between collision regulations and an automatic collision avoidance system (ACAS). Automation of ship operations is increasingly common. The automation of the collision avoidance task may have merit on grounds of reduced manual workload and the elimination of human error. Work to date by engineers and computer programmers has focused on modelling the requirements of the current collision regulations. This thesis takes a new approach and indicates that legislative change is a necessary precursor to the implementation of a fully automatic collision avoidance system. A descriptive analysis has been used to consider the nature of the …
Hugh Gaitskell, The Labour Party And Foreign Affairs 1955-63, Simon Rippingale
Hugh Gaitskell, The Labour Party And Foreign Affairs 1955-63, Simon Rippingale
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
Hugh Gaitskell was leader of the Labour Party between 1955-63. The Cold War was at a critical level and bi-partisanship in international affairs was expected. With Gaitskell's accession this appeared to end, marked in particular by the disputes over Suez, the independent nuclear deterrent and Britain's application to join the European Economic Community. Simultaneously, he was challenged by the Left over nearly every aspect of Labour's foreign and defence policy. Despite these major controversies, Gaitskell's influence over international affairs remains a neglected area of research, and he is remembered more for the domestic controversies over nationalisation, his ill-fated attempt to …
The Trade Manufacture And Design Of English Blacksmithing In The Post War Period, David James Hawkins
The Trade Manufacture And Design Of English Blacksmithing In The Post War Period, David James Hawkins
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
Blacksmithing has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last twenty five years. This study examines the changes and the context within which they have taken place. The effects upon the products of the blacksmith are considered through empirical research and practical work. The working methods and philosophies of blacksmiths representative of a continuity of traditions and innovatory practice are investigated through interviews and other approaches. From its origins as a rural and industrial craft, blacksmithing has emerged in the form of art-blacksmithing. Institutional and government intervention, new technologies and markets provide the context in which the ideologies and practices are …
Sub-National Electoral Systems And Minority Parties In The European Community, Lisa Sheila Harrison
Sub-National Electoral Systems And Minority Parties In The European Community, Lisa Sheila Harrison
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
This thesis analyses the extent to which particular electoral system features and rules affect the opportunities for, and proportionality of, the representation of certain far right and regionalist at various sub-national levels in key European Community member states. The thesis employs data provided in a unique data base at the University of Plymouth. This data includes a wealth of information concerning shares of the votes and shares of the seats for as many identifiable parties as possible in a range of sub-national elections in the post World War Two period and measures the proportionality of elections using three indices of …
Bereavement And Moral And Spiritual Development : An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Children And Young People, Valerie Clark
Bereavement And Moral And Spiritual Development : An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Children And Young People, Valerie Clark
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
This thesis, which is in two parts, attempts to interpret in moral and spiritual terms those responses to bereavement that are often described as psychological. In part one human development is considered comparing religious, philosophical, scientific and psychological theories and a model of the 'core self is proposed (body, mind and emotions) which responds to social and cultural influences in ways that can be considered moral and spiritual. Theories of duty, consequence and virtue are considered as well as Kohlberg's theory of justice reasoning and Gilligan's views about caring. Within spirituality notions of dualism and continuity-discontinuity are noted and a …