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The Use Of Concept Questions To Improve Student Understanding Of Mechanics, And The Formulation Of A Hierarchical Model Of Student Understanding Of Moments Of Forces, Stuart Rowlands Jan 1997

The Use Of Concept Questions To Improve Student Understanding Of Mechanics, And The Formulation Of A Hierarchical Model Of Student Understanding Of Moments Of Forces, Stuart Rowlands

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The aims and objectives of the first part of the thesis are to create and evaluate a teaching package that would enable the teacher to facilitate student conceptual understanding of mechanics. The second part is to create a hierarchical model of student conceptual understanding of moments of forces. The thesis reports on the various conflicting theories and recommended teaching strategies from the research into student misconceptions, and examines the various underlying philosophical trends (for example, radical and social constructivism, the Vygotskian perspective and positivism) that have influenced the research into misconceptions in mechanics. As a result, the philosophical perspective of …

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Are Male Sexual Offenders Normal Men, Or Can They Be Viewed As A Deviant Sub-Group Of Men?, Edwin Price Jan 1997

Are Male Sexual Offenders Normal Men, Or Can They Be Viewed As A Deviant Sub-Group Of Men?, Edwin Price

School of Psychology Theses

This study investigated whether sexual offenders were measurably different from nonoffenders on a battery of self-report questionnaires. The study was designed to test four aims: 1. To test the validity of the self-report methodology. 2. To test the effectiveness of the treatment given to sex offenders. 3. To test for differences between the offender's before and after their treatment with the nonoffenders. 4. To test the differences of the psychological profiles between the offender samples and the nonoffenders. The four aims were related to divergent positions held in the literature on sexual offenders. One position in the literature views sex …

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Staff Responses To Challenging Behaviour: An Evaluation Of Behaviour Analytic Concepts And Intervention Strategies, Neil Bathurst Jan 1997

Staff Responses To Challenging Behaviour: An Evaluation Of Behaviour Analytic Concepts And Intervention Strategies, Neil Bathurst

School of Psychology Theses

This research project is divided into two studies. Study 1 considers the proposition that where the challenging behaviours of learning disabled people are sensitive to social reinforcement, the responses of unit staff may be counter-habilitative. This was investigated using a questionnaire-based self-report study involving 43 unit staff. The questionnaires covered staff emotional reactions to, attributions for and responses to challenging behaviours. In addition key aspects of the staff sub-culture were considered. Results confirmed the possible counter-habilitative nature of staff responses. These responses appeared to be influenced by both contingency effects related to high levels of stress and counter -habilitative beliefs …

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Adaptive Search And The Preliminary Design Of Gas Turbine Blade Cooling Systems, Rajkumar Roy Jan 1997

Adaptive Search And The Preliminary Design Of Gas Turbine Blade Cooling Systems, Rajkumar Roy

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This research concerns the integration of Adaptive Search (AS) technique such as the Genetic Algorithms (GA) with knowledge based software to develop a research prototype of an Adaptive Search Manager (ASM). The developed approach allows to utilise both quantitative and qualitative information in engineering design decision making. A Fuzzy Expert System manipulates AS software within the design environment concerning the preliminary design of gas turbine blade cooling systems. Steady state cooling hole geometry models have been developed for the project in collaboration with Rolls Royce plc. The research prototype of ASM uses a hybrid of Adaptive Restricted Tournament Selection (ARTS) …

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Applications Of Acousto-Optic Demodulation And Decoding Techniques, Matthew Graham Hicks Jan 1997

Applications Of Acousto-Optic Demodulation And Decoding Techniques, Matthew Graham Hicks

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This thesis describes the operation and performance of an acousto-optic demodulator system consisting of a laser source, an acousto-optic cell and a bi-cell detector. The bi-cell detector is made up of two photodiodes positioned side by side, separated by a small gap. Theory is developed to predict the following; the linear operating range for different gap sizes, absolute frequency sensitivity, system output in response to discrete phase changes, optimum gap size for phase demodulation, absolute descrete phase change sensitivity, the performance of the system in the presence of carrier noise and the effect of clipping the carrier signal on both …

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A Geometric Approach To Modelling Interacting Populations, Jennifer M. Sharp Jan 1997

A Geometric Approach To Modelling Interacting Populations, Jennifer M. Sharp

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to present a different approach to the formulation of differential equation mathematical models for interacting populations. It does this through considering a geometric method. The solution to the differential equations are forced, through theuformulation, to lie on the surface of well known three-dimensional shapes. It is this that allows detailed analysis of how, and why, the solution of the equations behave as they do. The thesis firstly reviews some of the skills and techniques used in the formulation and alysis of differential equation models to give a background for some of the analysis used …

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Intelligent Techniques For Handling Uncertainty In The Assessment Of Neonatal Outcome, Jonathan Mark Garibaldi Jan 1997

Intelligent Techniques For Handling Uncertainty In The Assessment Of Neonatal Outcome, Jonathan Mark Garibaldi

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Objective assessment of the neonatal outcome of labour is important, but it is a difficult and challenging problem. It is an invaluable source of information which can be used to provide feedback to clinicians, to audit a unit's overall performance, and can guide subsequent neonatal care. Current methods are inadequate as they fail to distinguish damage that occurred during labour from damage that occurred before or after labour. Analysis of the chemical acid-base status of blood taken from the umbilical cord of an infant immediately after delivery provides information on any damage suffered by the infant due to lack of …

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A Comparison Of The Relative Impact Of A Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention Consisting Of An Education Component, With A Postal Education Package, On Coping With Osteoporosis, Charlotte Davenport Clarke Jan 1997

A Comparison Of The Relative Impact Of A Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention Consisting Of An Education Component, With A Postal Education Package, On Coping With Osteoporosis, Charlotte Davenport Clarke

School of Psychology Theses

A study was carried out in order to compare the effects of a cognitive-behavioural intervention, with a postal education package, on coping with osteoporosis. Thirty osteoporosis sufferers were divided into three groups. One group received an intervention programme consisting of education, relaxation techniques, and instruction in the use of coping strategies for pain and stress. A comparison group received an education booklet on osteoporosis sent to them through the postal system. The study also included a non-treatment control group. Measures of locus of control, depression, anxiety, pain, and disease knowledge, were taken pre-and post-intervention. lt was predicted that the intervention …

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A Novel Biosensor Using Nanolithographically-Produced Submicron Optical Sources For The Study Of Cell Adhesion And Chemotaxis, Alastair Sheridan Hood Jan 1997

A Novel Biosensor Using Nanolithographically-Produced Submicron Optical Sources For The Study Of Cell Adhesion And Chemotaxis, Alastair Sheridan Hood

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Cell adhesion and chemotaxis are two key factors determining cell behaviour and differentiation which are currently analysed by microscopic examination of the cell or membrane-associated fluorescence labels. These analyses are often slow, labour intensive and of limited informational content. This thesis describes the physical theory and experimental aspects of an optical method suitable for monitoring cell contact, adhesion to a surface and chemotaxis beyond the conventional limit of optical microscopy by means of a device that utilises both a plain bare surface and arrays of apertures nanolithographically-produced in the surface of a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor structure. Any minute …

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Feedforward Artificial Neural Network Design Utilising Subthreshold Mode Cmos Devices, Dominique Xavier Henri Leon Coue Jan 1997

Feedforward Artificial Neural Network Design Utilising Subthreshold Mode Cmos Devices, Dominique Xavier Henri Leon Coue

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This thesis reviews various previously reported techniques for simulating artificial neural networks and investigates the design of fully-connected feedforward networks based on MOS transistors operating in the subthreshold mode of conduction as they are suitable for performing compact, low power, implantable pattern recognition systems. The principal objective is to demonstrate that the transfer characteristic of the devices can be fully exploited to design basic processing modules which overcome the linearity range, weight resolution, processing speed, noise and mismatch of components problems associated with weak inversion conduction, and so be used to implement networks which can be trained to perform practical …

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Random Effect Models For Repairable System Reliability, John Nicholas Baker Jan 1997

Random Effect Models For Repairable System Reliability, John Nicholas Baker

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The practical motivation for the work described in this thesis arose from the development of a new Jaguar car engine. Development tests on prototype engines led to multiple failure time data which are modelled as a non-homogeneous Poisson process in its log-linear form. Initial analysis of the data using failure time plots showed considerable differences between prototype engines and suggested the use of models incorporating random effects for the engine effects. These models were fitted using the method of maximum likelihood. Two random effects have been considered: a proportional effect and a time dependent effect. In each case a simulation …

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Learning And Co-Operation In Mobile Multi-Robot Systems, Alexis Kirke Jan 1997

Learning And Co-Operation In Mobile Multi-Robot Systems, Alexis Kirke

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This thesis addresses the problem of setting the balance between exploration and exploitation in teams of learning robots who exchange information. Specifically it looks at groups of robots whose tasks include moving between salient points in the environment. To deal with unknown and dynamic environments,such robots need to be able to discover and learn the routes between these points themselves. A natural extension of this scenario is to allow the robots to exchange learned routes so that only one robot needs to learn a route for the whole team to use that route. One contribution of this thesis is to …

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System Identification Theory Approach To Cohesive Sediment Transport Modelling, Huixin Chen Jan 1997

System Identification Theory Approach To Cohesive Sediment Transport Modelling, Huixin Chen

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Two aspects of the modelling sediment transport are investigated. One is the univariate time series modelling the current velocity dynamics. The other is the multivariate time series modelling the suspended sediment concentration dynamics. Cohesive sediment dynamics and numerical sediment transport model are reviewed and investigated. The system identification theory and time series analysis method are developed and applied to set up the time series model for current velocity and suspended sediment dynamics. In this thesis, the cohesive sediment dynamics is considered as an unknown stochastic system to be identified. The study includes the model structure determination, system order estimation and …

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The Role Of Tactile Sensation Mediated By The Infraorbital Branch Of The Trigeminal Nerve (V) On Sexual Behaviour Of Male And Female Rats, Vlastimil Malinek Jan 1997

The Role Of Tactile Sensation Mediated By The Infraorbital Branch Of The Trigeminal Nerve (V) On Sexual Behaviour Of Male And Female Rats, Vlastimil Malinek

School of Psychology Theses

This thesis examines Beach's hypothesis that the sexual behaviour of male rats is under multisensory control and is resistant to the loss of tactile information from the vibrissae. The loss of perioral sensation was found to profoundly disrupt sexual behaviour in sexually inexperienced males tested with females showing five ascending levels of precopulatory behaviour. Males did not copulate with females displaying presenting, presenting and hopping, hopping and darting levels of proceptive behaviour. However, males paired with darting females displaying the highest level level of proceptive behaviour did copulate in the presence of perioral anapsis caused by intramystacial injection of lidocaine. …

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Cognitive Appraisals In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder & Other Anxiety Disorders, Jackie Maccallam Jan 1997

Cognitive Appraisals In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder & Other Anxiety Disorders, Jackie Maccallam

School of Psychology Theses

This research applied ideas from the cognition-emotion literature to some of the theories in the OCD literature, and in so doing took'Va multi-dimensional approach to the understanding of OCD. The aim of the study was to explore the nature of 'emotionalcognitive profiles'^ of people with OCD,. and to compare these 'profiles' with those of people with other anxiety disorders and people from a non-clinical population.. Participants from the three groups i.e. an OCD group, ah anxiety group and a non-clinical group were asked to rate a number of appraisal dimensions, in response to four vignettes. There were 10 participants in …

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Reversal Of Parkinsonian Symptoms In Primates By Antagonism Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission: Potential Mechanisms Of Action., I. J. Mitchell, C. B. Carroll Jan 1997

Reversal Of Parkinsonian Symptoms In Primates By Antagonism Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission: Potential Mechanisms Of Action., I. J. Mitchell, C. B. Carroll

Peninsula Medical School

Parkinsonism is characterised by overactive glutamatergic transmission in the cortico-striatal and subthalamo-medial pallidal pathways. Local blockade of glutamatergic transmission in these pathways can alleviate parkinsonian symptoms. The effectiveness of the treatment, however, is often limited by the simultaneous appearance of unwanted side-effects. These side-effects, including ataxia and dissociative anaesthesia, are particularly problematic when N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists are used. In an attempt to overcome these problems we have attempted to manipulate excitatory amino acid (EAA)-mediated neurotransmission indirectly by targeting the NMDA receptor associated modulatory sites. We review evidence which demonstrates that antagonists for both the NMDA associated glycine and polyamine sites …

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Amphibolous Weglarskae Dastych, A New Addition To The Tardigrada Of Iceland With An Updated Checklist Of Icelandic Species (Eohypsibiidae, Eutardigrada)., Nj Marley, De Wright Nov 1996

Amphibolous Weglarskae Dastych, A New Addition To The Tardigrada Of Iceland With An Updated Checklist Of Icelandic Species (Eohypsibiidae, Eutardigrada)., Nj Marley, De Wright

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

During the examination of the extensive Tardigrada collections held at the Royal Museums of Scotland, specimens and sculptured eggs belonging to Amphibolus weglarskae (Dastych) were identified in the Morgan Icelandic collection. This species had not previously been reported from Iceland. A checklist of Icelandic Tardigrada species is also provided.

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Pfmrk, A Mo15‐Related Protein Kinase From Plasmodium Falciparum, J Li, Kjh Robson, J Chen, Gat Targett, Da Baker Nov 1996

Pfmrk, A Mo15‐Related Protein Kinase From Plasmodium Falciparum, J Li, Kjh Robson, J Chen, Gat Targett, Da Baker

School of Biomedical Sciences

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) play a central role in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. A novel gene encoding a Cdk-like protein, Pfmrk, has been isolated from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The gene has no introns and comprises an open reading frame encoding a protein of 324 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 38 kDa. Database searches revealed a striking similarity to the Cdk subfamily with the highest similarity to human MO15 (Cdk7). The overall sequence of Pfmrk shares 62% similarity and 46% identity with human MO15, in comparison to the 49–58% similarity and 34–43% identity …

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The Effects Of Environmental Contaminants On The Immune Functions Of Marine Flatfish, Tom Hutchinson Jan 1996

The Effects Of Environmental Contaminants On The Immune Functions Of Marine Flatfish, Tom Hutchinson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Given the widespread concern that chemical contaminants may be associated with infectious disease outbreaks in marine fish populations, work has been undertaken with the aim of developing a suite of non-specific and specific assays of marine fish immune function and the application of these techniques in a variety of field and laboratory investigations. Most of the work focused on dab, Limanda limanda (L.) in view of the importance of this species in several North Sea fish disease monitoring programmes, and was also supplemented with investigations of specific immune function in turbot, Scopthalmus maximus (L.). Initial field studies examined non-specific immune …

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An Investigation Into The Interaction Of Aeromonas Salmonicida And The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Rainbow Trout And The Implications For Oral Delivery Of A Live Auxotrophic Mutant, Steven Michael Jones Jan 1996

An Investigation Into The Interaction Of Aeromonas Salmonicida And The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Rainbow Trout And The Implications For Oral Delivery Of A Live Auxotrophic Mutant, Steven Michael Jones

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Furunculosis is a disease of great economic importance to the salmon fanning industry. The aetiological agent of the disease is Aeromonas salmonicida, probably the most studied pathogen of non mammalian hosts. Little information exists however on the most fundamental aspects of the infection process or the basis of acquired immunity. Although oral vaccination is an ideal solution to the problems of immunising fanned salmonids, poor immunogenicity has always limited the use of this route of administration. In mammals oral vaccination with live auxotrophic mutants has been shown to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity and provide protection against challenge. The …

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Community Ecology And Genetics Of Macroinvertebrates In Permanent Macaronesian Streams., Lucy Claire Kelly Jan 1996

Community Ecology And Genetics Of Macroinvertebrates In Permanent Macaronesian Streams., Lucy Claire Kelly

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Extensive community-based sampling and single-species genetic analysis were used to study factors driving stream invertebrate community assembly on islands. Macroinvertebrates and physicochemistry were surveyed in forty-two streams on La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Madeira (Macaronesia). Island faunal relationships and the role of the stream and catchment environment in determining community composition were investigated with multivariate analyses; assemblage nestedness and species richness, occupancy and abundance were also examined. The relationship between genetic differentiation and range size was tested using allozyme variation in selected species. Island species pools differed in community composition and species richness (total, and endemic), broadly as predicted …

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The Antioxidant Role Of Α-Tocopherol In The Nutrition Of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus Burchell), Remi Thomas Merrett Baker Jan 1996

The Antioxidant Role Of Α-Tocopherol In The Nutrition Of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus Burchell), Remi Thomas Merrett Baker

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The role of the lipid-soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the nutrition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) has been investigated with respect to effects on growth, certain indices of health and prevention of tissue lipid peroxidation. Although juvenile C. gariepinus were not found to show an immediate dependency on vitamin E for growth, even during rapid growth stages, a minimum requirement of α-tocopherol based on the prevention of hepatic lipid peroxidation was established at 30-40mg α-tocopherol per kg dry diet. This is in line with published values for numerous cultured fish species. Tissue α-tocopherol accretion was found to be …

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The Conservation And Ecology Of The Heath Lobelia, Lobelia Urens L., Janet Mary Dinsdale Jan 1996

The Conservation And Ecology Of The Heath Lobelia, Lobelia Urens L., Janet Mary Dinsdale

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This programme of research examines the ecology of the threatened perennial Lobelia urens L. (the heath lobelia) which reaches the northern limit of its distribution in the southern coastal counties of England. A survey of the historical evidence of the distribution of the species in England is presented. Restricted to such a small area, L. urens has always been rare in Britain. The six remaining populations were surveyed to describe the phytosociology of communities containing L. urens and the variability of the environmental factors controlling its distribution. L. urens is shown to be a member of rough grass-heath communities dominated …

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Enhanced Oil Degradation By Bacteria When Immobilized To An Oleophilic Substratum, Nicola Gail Wilson Jan 1996

Enhanced Oil Degradation By Bacteria When Immobilized To An Oleophilic Substratum, Nicola Gail Wilson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Three immobilization matrices, Biofix (kaolinite microspheres), Drizit (polypropylene fibres) and polyester polyurethane were used as substrata for use in bioremediation. Enhanced biodegradation of petrol (Slovene diesel) and Ekofisk crude oil occurred with immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens to Biofix and Drizit in freshwater and saltwater systems. When compared to free bacteria, immobilization resulted in; increased growth, accelerated ability of the cells to utilize oil, and enhanced biodegradation as determined by gas chromatography. In the freshwater systems Drizit immobilized cells reduced the lag phase to one day in comparison to six in a free system and increased biodegradation of the n-alkanes by …

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Eco-Physiology Of Mysids (Crustacea; Peracarida) In The River Tamar Estuary., Angela Mary Moffat Jan 1996

Eco-Physiology Of Mysids (Crustacea; Peracarida) In The River Tamar Estuary., Angela Mary Moffat

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The mysid fauna of the River Tamar Estuary was sampled monthly between January and December 1989. The following species of mysid were found In the estuary. MosopodOPSIS slabborl, Noomysis Intogor, Praunus fioxuosus and SchistomysIs omata. The latter two species, present In low densities throughout tho year, occupied the lower, more salino (>30%o) parts of the estuary, whereas M. slabborl and N. Intogor were abundant In the upper estuary (0.5-30%o). Mosopodopsis slabbori produced between two and three generations per year, and showed a pattern of alternating early and lato-brooding generations. A maximum growth rate for this species was 0.24 mm …

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Information Selection And Belief Updating In Hypothesis Evaluation, Aidan Feeney Jan 1996

Information Selection And Belief Updating In Hypothesis Evaluation, Aidan Feeney

School of Psychology Theses

This thesis is concerned with the factors underlying both selection and use of evidence in the testing of hypotheses. The work it describes examines the role played in hypothesis evaluation by background knowledge about the probability of events in the environment as well as the influence of more general constraints. Experiments on information choice showed that subjects were sensitive both to explicitly presented probabilistic information and to the likelihood of evidence with regard to background beliefs. It is argued - in contrast with other views in the literature - that subjects' choice of evidence to test hypotheses is rational allowing …

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Time Domain Filtered Cross Spectral Density Detection And Direction Finding Of Spread Spectrum Signals, And Implementation Using Acousto-Optic Correlation, Andrew Warren Houghton Jan 1996

Time Domain Filtered Cross Spectral Density Detection And Direction Finding Of Spread Spectrum Signals, And Implementation Using Acousto-Optic Correlation, Andrew Warren Houghton

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This thesis presents a technique for the detection of spread spectrum signals, of arbitrary form, even when the signal power spectral density (PSD) is well below the surveillance receiver noise spectral density, using a pair of antennas with broadband (I GHz or more) receivers. Cross correlating the outputs of two receivers, spatially separated by a distance of the order of one metre or more, produces a cross correlation function (ccf) in which the noise components are spread uniformly over the whole width while the signal component, the narrow autocorrelation function (act) of the spread spectrum signal, is concentrated near to …

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An Investigation Into Motor Pools And Their Applicability To A Biologically Inspired Model Of Ballistic Voluntary Motor Action, Mark Paul Norman Jan 1996

An Investigation Into Motor Pools And Their Applicability To A Biologically Inspired Model Of Ballistic Voluntary Motor Action, Mark Paul Norman

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This study investigates the properties of motor pools in the human motor control system. The simulations carried out as part of this study used two biologically inspired neuronal models to simulate networks with properties similar to those observed in the human motor system (Burke, 1991). The Synchronous neuronal model developed as part of this study explicitly models the input/output spike train and frequency relationship of each neuron. The motor pool simulations were carried out using the INSIGHT TOO simulation software developed as part of this study. INSIGHT TOO is a flexible neural design tool that allows the visual interactive design …

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Paradigms For The Design Of Multimedia Learning Environments In Engineering, Chrisopher Robert Smith Jan 1996

Paradigms For The Design Of Multimedia Learning Environments In Engineering, Chrisopher Robert Smith

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The starting point for this research was the belief that interactive multimedia learning environments represent a significant evolution in computer based learning and therefore their design requires a re-examination of the underlying principles of learning and knowledge representation. Current multimedia learning environments (MLEs) can be seen as descendants of the earlier technologies of computer-aided learning (CAL), intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) and videodisc-based learning systems. As such they can benefit from much of the wisdom which emerged from those technologies. However, multimedia can be distinguished from earlier technologies by its much greater facility in bringing to the learner high levels of …

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A Security Advisory System For Healthcare Environments, Matthew John Warren Jan 1996

A Security Advisory System For Healthcare Environments, Matthew John Warren

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This thesis considers the current requirements for security in European healthcare establishments. Information Technology is being used increasingly by all areas of healthcare, from administration to clinical treatment and this has resulted in increased dependence upon computer systems by healthcare staff. The thesis looks at healthcare security requirements from the European perspective. An aim of the research was to develop security guidelines that could be used by healthcare establishments to implement a common baseline standard for security. These guidelines represent work submitted to the Commission of European Communities SEISMED (Secure Environment for Information Systems in Medicine) project, with which the …

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