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Modelling The Hydrodynamics Of The Patos Lagoon, Brazil, Elisa Helena Fernandes Jan 2001

Modelling The Hydrodynamics Of The Patos Lagoon, Brazil, Elisa Helena Fernandes

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The Patos Lagoon, the largest choked coastal lagoon in the world, is a typical centre of population, commerce, industry and recreation, and consequently it is also a site for disposal of industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes. Important questions concerning beneficial uses of and potential changes to the lagoon and its estuary are left unanswered without a good understanding of hydrodynamic processes. The current study involves the choice, calibration and application of a numerical model which can be used in future hydrodynamic. sediment transport and water quality studies in the area. The two- and three-dimensional modes of the TELEMAC System were …

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The Ecology Of Poor Fen & Willow Carr On Goss Moor Nnr, Cornwall, Emily Jane Southall Jan 2001

The Ecology Of Poor Fen & Willow Carr On Goss Moor Nnr, Cornwall, Emily Jane Southall

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Goss Moor NNR is a unique, rare and nationally-important wetland habitat in Mid- Cornwall. The majority of the habitats were created as a result of a long history of tin-stream mining, which ceased in the early 1900s. Phytosociological surveys of poor-fen and willow carr communities provide the first formal descriptions of the vegetation at this site. The poor-fen survey revealed twelve poor-fen vegetation types, which were distributed along a primary environmental gradient of organic matter depth, surface water height and bare substrate. Separation of the poor-fen communities by a moisture gradient was considered as spatial evidence for hydroseral succession, which …

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Development Of Culture And Toxicity Testing Methods For The Freshwater Copepod Bryocamptus Zschokkei, Rebecca Jayne Brown Jan 2001

Development Of Culture And Toxicity Testing Methods For The Freshwater Copepod Bryocamptus Zschokkei, Rebecca Jayne Brown

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of a meiofaunal copepod as a test species for assessing the developmental and reproductive effects of toxicants relevant to freshwater ecosystems. The harpacticoid copepod Bryocamptus zschokkei was chosen as a candidate test species as it possesses several attributes (widespread distribution, small size and fast development times) that are considered pre-requisites for toxicity test organisms, and has previously been shown to be a sensitive component of the stream community to contaminant exposure. Prior to conducting toxicity tests with B. zschokkei, studies were performed to evaluate the effects of water hardness and …

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Evaluation Of Haematococcus Pluvialis As A Natural Dietary Source Of The Carotenoid Astaxanthin For Rainbow Trout Flesh Pigmentation, Stephen Lagocki Jan 2001

Evaluation Of Haematococcus Pluvialis As A Natural Dietary Source Of The Carotenoid Astaxanthin For Rainbow Trout Flesh Pigmentation, Stephen Lagocki

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The efficacy of the lipid soluble carotenoid astaxanthin (biosynthesised as a secondary metabolite by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis) as a source of pigment to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the flesh of farmed salmonid species has been investigated, using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model. Accretion of astaxanthin within rainbow trout epaxial white muscle was primarily shown to be dependent on dietary inclusion and the type of diet used as a pigment carrier. Different dietary inclusion rates demonstrated a dose response. Cold pressed low oil and commercially extruded high oil diets containing similar astaxanthin concentration were tested, fish receiving …

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Molecular Characterisation Of A Two-Component Regulatory System From Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Magdy Elsayed Mahfouz Jan 2001

Molecular Characterisation Of A Two-Component Regulatory System From Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Magdy Elsayed Mahfouz

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Studies were undertaken to clone and characterise a two-component regulatory system from a clinical isolate (204) of the human and animal pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. A number of genomic libraries were constructed in E. coli host-vector systems and screened for the presence of a two-component system using oligonucleotide probes based on nucleotide sequence homology. Fragments of genomic DNA were cloned and sequenced and found to possess two open reading frames (ORFs) that overlap with a single nucleotide and are believed to encode a novel two-component regulatory system. A possible promoter region was identified upstream of the two ORFs, mrgR and mrgS, …

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The Uptake And Flux Of Dissolved Nitrogen In Marine Waters, Andrew Paul Rees Jan 2001

The Uptake And Flux Of Dissolved Nitrogen In Marine Waters, Andrew Paul Rees

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The biological uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen species is described for contrasting marine environments which include a sea loch, riverine plume, polar marginal ice-zone, continental shelf break, oligotrophic ocean and a mesoscale eddy. Uptake of nitrate and ammonium by phytoplankton has been determined using the stable isotope as a tracer and continuous flow stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The analysis of dissolved and atmospheric nitrous oxide was made using electron capture detector gas chromatography in a novel configuration which also allowed for the simultaneous analysis of methane from a single sample. Significant advances in the study of the marine nitrogen …

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Absorption And Utilisation Of Natural And Synthetic Astaxanthin Forms In Salmonid Nutrition, Daniel Allan White Jan 2001

Absorption And Utilisation Of Natural And Synthetic Astaxanthin Forms In Salmonid Nutrition, Daniel Allan White

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Consumer preference for commercially reared fish products that resemble their wild counterparts has resulted in the supplementation of pigments called carotenoids into aquafeeds to promote a pink-red colour in the flesh of salmonid fish. To date synthetic forms of these pigments have been commonly utilised to achieve this desired colouration, with the carotenoid astaxanthin being the regular choice for the feed manufacturer. However, increase in consumer demand for farmed fish products reared on natural feed additives has evoked an interest in natural sources of astaxanthin that could be successfully used to pigment salmonid fish efficiently. In the current study, the …

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Molecular Characterisation Of Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Clare Davies Jan 2001

Molecular Characterisation Of Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Clare Davies

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

A programme of research was carried out to attempt the molecular characterisation of the human and animal pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis and the newly described avirulent species, B.thailandensis for comparative purposes. Melioidosis is still little understood, and so the clinical approach to the prevention and control of melioidosis must ultimately rest upon the basic understanding of the causative organism, particularly the pathogenic properties of B.pseudomallei. A range of B.pseudomallei and B.thailandensis isolates were cultured and the extracellular products were isolated and concentrated and an initial study conducted to identify potential target molecules for cloning. Those isolates …

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The Bioenergetics And Behaviour Of The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) When Feeding On A Copper Contaminated Diet, Hamish Alistair Campbell Jan 2001

The Bioenergetics And Behaviour Of The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) When Feeding On A Copper Contaminated Diet, Hamish Alistair Campbell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The long-term effects of sub-lethal dietary Cu-exposure were investigated in relation to consequential energy shifts and resultant locomotory adaptation in 0. mykiss. This study represents the first to attempt to quantify the physiological cost of dietary heavy-metal exposure, the timing and extent of daily behavioural adaptation and resultant significance, in terms of ecologically important behaviours to the fish. Two long-term (2 & 3 months) dietary exposures of 730 mg Cu kgˉ¹ mg d.w. feed showed exposed fish to have a 3-fold increase in liver [Cu] and 10-fold increase in intestinal [Cu] compared to control fish. Consequently exposed fish elicited a …

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Physiological And Biochemical Factors Affecting Carotenoid Utilization In Salmonid Fish, Gregory Ian Page Jan 2001

Physiological And Biochemical Factors Affecting Carotenoid Utilization In Salmonid Fish, Gregory Ian Page

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Carotenoid utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) has been investigated with respect to tissue distribution of carotenoids and the role of the liver on the bioavailability of the lipid soluble carotenoids, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Species-specific and tissue-specific accumulations were noted for astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in the rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, possibly indicating fundamental differences in their utilization in these species. The liver and the kidney were revealed to be the major tissues involved in carotenoid metabolism in both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon. Apparent digestibilities (-96% and -30% for rainbow trout and …

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What Factors Affect Cheating In Secondary School And Why?, Penelope Kathryn Armstead Jan 2001

What Factors Affect Cheating In Secondary School And Why?, Penelope Kathryn Armstead

School of Psychology Theses

Cheating in British secondary schools has not been previously researched. The aim of this thesis was to ascertain what factors affect cheating in secondary school and why? Initially, four questions were posed: "what is cheating?', "when is it wrong to cheat?', 'what role do parents play' and 'what are teacher perceptions of cheating compared with those of students?'. These questions were addressed by studying the perspectives of students, parents and teachers using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, involving nearly 1000 respondents in six studies. Two models were developed. The first, a four dimensional model, explained what students thought …

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Children's Production Of Locative Expressions In English : The Influence Of Geometric And Extra-Geometric Factors, Lynn Valerie Richards Jan 2001

Children's Production Of Locative Expressions In English : The Influence Of Geometric And Extra-Geometric Factors, Lynn Valerie Richards

School of Psychology Theses

The research in this thesis examines the influence that both geometric and extrageometric factors have on children's spatial language production. Over the years it has widely been assumed that spatial prepositions identif' where objects are in the world (geometric factors) and that this is reflected in the semantic representations of these words. More recently, researchers investigating the lexical semantics of spatial prepositions have begun to question this assumption by demonstrating that what objects are and how they are interacting can also affect the way we describe where they are in the world (extra-geometric factors). Following on from research conducted with …

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Clock-Feedthrough Compensation In Mos Sample-And-Hold Circuits, Franz Xaver Fuchs Jan 2001

Clock-Feedthrough Compensation In Mos Sample-And-Hold Circuits, Franz Xaver Fuchs

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

All MOS sample-and-hold circuits suffer to a greater or lesser extent from clock-feedthrough (CLFT), also called charge-injection. During the transition from sample to hold mode, charge is transferred from an MOS transistor switch onto the hold capacitor, thus the name charge-injection. This error can lead to considerable voltage change across the capacitor, and predicting the extent of the induced error potentials is important to circuit designers. Previous studies have shown a considerable dependency of CLFT on signal voltage, circuit impedances, clock amplitude and clock fall-time. The focus of this work was on the signal dependency of the CLFT error and …

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Security In A Distributed Processing Environment, Elizabeth Mary Joyce Jan 2001

Security In A Distributed Processing Environment, Elizabeth Mary Joyce

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Distribution plays a key role in telecommunication and computing systems today. It has become a necessity as a result of deregulation and anti-trust legislation, which has forced businesses to move from centralised, monolithic systems to distributed systems with the separation of applications and provisioning technologies, such as the service and transportation layers in the Internet. The need for reliability and recovery requires systems to use replication and secondary backup systems such as those used in ecommerce. There are consequences to distribution. It results in systems being implemented in heterogeneous environment; it requires systems to be scalable; it results in some …

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Treatment Of Musculoskeletal Pain With The Sting Of The Stinging Nettle: Urtica Dioica, Colin F Randall Jan 2001

Treatment Of Musculoskeletal Pain With The Sting Of The Stinging Nettle: Urtica Dioica, Colin F Randall

Peninsula Medical School Theses

Introduction The author's interest in the therapeutic potential of the sting of nettles began with the presentation of two patients in his general practice surgery who were self-prescribing nettle sting for their arthritis pain. The publication of these two case reports produced responses from four other doctors about similar cases. Historical and contemporary research An extensive literature and database review produced few references from the medical literature but numerous anecdotal references from herbal and folklore sources of worldwide internal and external use of nettle since Roman times. The author has been asked to contribute two chapters on the historical and …

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Bullying In A Primary School : A Case Study, Christopher Graham Lee Jan 2001

Bullying In A Primary School : A Case Study, Christopher Graham Lee

Plymouth Institute of Education Theses

Bullying has become a significant issue for schools and one that has attracted the media spotlight. It has also received considerable attention from the research community since the late 1980s following the tradition established through the work of many Scandinavian researchers. Much of the research has been longitudinal and sought to illuminate the experience of children who bullied or were being bullied. There has been considerably less research into teachers' and parents' understanding and experience of bullying between school children. This thesis seeks to rectify that situation by examining the views of Year 5 and 6 pupils, teachers and a …

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Process Of Change In Teaching And Learning In Higher Education : Integrating Information And Communication Technology, Susan Janet English Jan 2001

Process Of Change In Teaching And Learning In Higher Education : Integrating Information And Communication Technology, Susan Janet English

Plymouth Institute of Education Theses

The focus of this thesis was inspired by a small study investigating the way in which students could learn co-operatively using computer-mediated communication. Lessons learnt about the significance of purpose, context, nature and design of courses involving Information and Communication Technology (ICT) led to the idea that a holistic view, involving the study of all aspects that contribute to the whole context, would be necessary to reach a better understanding of the process of change in teaching and learning. The opportunity to pursue this route materialised by being part of a team on a national, ESRC funded, project to undertake …

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Measurement And Modelling Of Uranium And Thorium In Natural Waters, Ernily Rachel Unsworth Jan 2001

Measurement And Modelling Of Uranium And Thorium In Natural Waters, Ernily Rachel Unsworth

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Uranium and thorium are the only elements in the actinide series which naturally occur in the environment in sufficient amounts for practical extraction. They are both radiotoxic and chemotoxic to humans due to the effects of the ionising radiation produced by their radioactive decay, the decay of their daughter products, and due to the chemical toxicity resulting from absorption into the body. Thus it is important to be able to quantitatively determine the levels of uranium and thorium in the environment. Measurement of low levels of uramum and thorium in the presence of high levels of inorganic and organic matrix …

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Investigation Of Chemometrics Methods For Characterising Drift Phenomena In Ick-Aes, Ana Maria Marcos-Dominguez Jan 2001

Investigation Of Chemometrics Methods For Characterising Drift Phenomena In Ick-Aes, Ana Maria Marcos-Dominguez

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The objective of this study was to fully characterise drift phenomena in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in order to develop novel correction procedures to aid routine analysis. Long-term drift of the analytical signal continues to be a potential disadvantage when using ICP-AES and often necessitates regular recalibration. The long-term stability of three commercially available Instruments was studied using In each case a range of analyte and intrinsic plasma emission lines. Long-term fluctuations were observed which generated drift bias of up to 20% on the initial values. The drift pafterns were characterised and found to be qualitatively reproducible. …

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Appraisal And Validation Of Rapid, Integrated Chemical And Biological Assays Of Environmental Quality, Gilberto Fillmann Jan 2001

Appraisal And Validation Of Rapid, Integrated Chemical And Biological Assays Of Environmental Quality, Gilberto Fillmann

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

To assess the significance of pollutants released into the environment it is necessary to determine both the extent of contamination and the biological effects they give rise to. This research is based on a tiered system, which commences with conventional analytical chemistry (gas chromatography), followed by the development, evaluation and application of rapid and simple immunochemical techniques and, finally, the integration of chemical and biological markers to assess pollution. GC-ECD/FID/MS have been used to investigate the status of chemical contamination of the Black Sea by organochlorine residues, hydrocarbons and faecal sterols. Useful information is provided and problems with e.g. HCHs …

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Palaeoecology, Palaeoenvironmental Analysis And Their Application To Sequence Stratigraphy: Lower Cretaceous, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, Gary Stefan Aillud Jan 2001

Palaeoecology, Palaeoenvironmental Analysis And Their Application To Sequence Stratigraphy: Lower Cretaceous, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, Gary Stefan Aillud

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Palaeoecological data can provide key information on depositional environments. This may be critical to the interpretation of marine sedimentary cycles and the recognition of ancient cycles and sequences. Although many recent studies have attempted to combine palaeoecology and sequence stratigraphy, the sequence stratigraphic model is commonly used to provide a temporally constrained framework for the evaluation of ecological and evolutionary events. This study shows how palaeoecology can be used as a powerful tool in the development of sequence stratigraphic models. A palaeoecological study of three Lower Cretaceous successions (at Ericeira, Cascais, Cabo Espichel) from the southern part of the Lusitanian …

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Multivariate Calibration For Icp-Aes, Michael Lee Griffiths Jan 2001

Multivariate Calibration For Icp-Aes, Michael Lee Griffiths

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The analysis of metals is now a major application area for ICP-AES, however, the technique suffers from both spectral and non-spectral interferences. This thesis details the application of univariate and multivariate calibration methods for the prediction of Pt, Pd, and Rh in acid-digested and of Au, Ag and Pd in fusion-digested autocatalyst samples. Of all the univariate calibration methods investigated matrix matching proved the most accurate method with relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) for Pt, Pd and Rh of 2.4, 3.7, and 2.4 % for a series of synihelic lest solutions, and 12.0, 2.4, and 8.0 % for autocatalyst …

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Determination Of Co And Mn In Marine Waters Using Flow Injection With Chemiluminescence Detection, Vincenzo Cannizzaro Jan 2001

Determination Of Co And Mn In Marine Waters Using Flow Injection With Chemiluminescence Detection, Vincenzo Cannizzaro

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This thesis describes the design, optimisation and shipboard deployment of a flow injection - chemiluminescence (FI-CL) technique for the determination of cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) in seawater. Chapter One presents an overview of the marine environment and the biogeochemistry of Co and Mn. Current analytical methods for the determination of Co and Mn in natural waters are also reviewed. Chapter Two reports reagent clean-up techniques and the synthesis of an 8- hydroxyquinoline resin used for in-line matrix elimination and preconcentration. The resin is also characterised in terms of its chelating ability for the transition metals and the earth alkaline …

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Molecular Characterisation Of Fluidised Catalytic Cracker Feedstocks Using Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation: A Study Of Model Hydrocarbons, Helen Frances Sturt Jan 2001

Molecular Characterisation Of Fluidised Catalytic Cracker Feedstocks Using Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation: A Study Of Model Hydrocarbons, Helen Frances Sturt

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The world's proven reserves of crude oil will be depleted in 42 years at the current rate of consumption. Oil refiners are under considerable economic and environmental pressure to improve the efficiency of refining and the quality and definition of products. Statistical and fundamental models are extensively used to more accurately model the important refinery processes such as Fluidised Catalytic Cracking (FCC). A major problem with the fundamental approach is that FCC feedstocks are by definition heavy petroleum fractions, and as such constitute highly complex mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of heavy petroleum fractions reveals …

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Catchment Scale Monitoring And Modelling Of Phosphorus Using Flow Injection Analysis And An Export Coefficient Model, Grady Scott Hanrahan Jan 2001

Catchment Scale Monitoring And Modelling Of Phosphorus Using Flow Injection Analysis And An Export Coefficient Model, Grady Scott Hanrahan

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Acquiring high quality in situ analytical data with good temporal resolution is required for developing models of phosphorus transport and biogeochemical behaviour. Chapter One describes the behaviour of phosphorus in the aquatic environment, its sources, its role in the eutrophication process and legislation to control its release into aquatic systems. It also summarises analytical techniques for the determination of phosphorus in natural waters. An examination of the hypothesis that the export coefficient modelling approach can be used to predict phosphorus loading in the River Frome catchment, Dorset on an armual and seasonal (monthly) basis is presented in Chapter Two. The …

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Magnetic Dating Of Vesuvian Lavas, Pasquale Tiano Jan 2001

Magnetic Dating Of Vesuvian Lavas, Pasquale Tiano

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

A palaeomagnetic study has been carried out on Vesuvian lava flows emplaced since 79 AD. This involved both palaeodirection and palaeointensity investigations of samples from sites on the W, S and SE slopes of the volcano. Thermal demagnetization of 3 component IRMs, susceptibility measurements and coercivity analyses have been carried out on one pilot specimen per site in order to identify the magnetic carriers and to estimate the magnetic grain size. The identificatìon of the primary direction of TRM was carried out following very stringent criteria (Incoronato, 1996). Palaeointensities were evaluated using both a modification of the Modified Thellier & …

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European Union/South Africa Trade, Development And Co-Operation Agreement : Decision-Making, Participation And Perceived Economic Impacts, Roger John Levermore Jan 2001

European Union/South Africa Trade, Development And Co-Operation Agreement : Decision-Making, Participation And Perceived Economic Impacts, Roger John Levermore

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The European Union-South Africa Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (EU/SA TDCA), signed in October 1999, is viewed by some in South Africa as not only one of the most important trade and development agreements entered into by the 'new' South African goverrunent, but also a significant agreement for setting precedents for other bi-lateral trade and development pacts between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states. This thesis considers two major issues related to the EU/SA TDCA. First, it describes and evaluates the structures that supported the South African side of the TDCA decision-making process. Second, it discusses …

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The Development Of A Holistic Expert System For Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Antoni Bruce Moore Jan 2001

The Development Of A Holistic Expert System For Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Antoni Bruce Moore

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Coastal data and information comprise a massive and complex resource, which is vital to the practice of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), an increasingly important application. ICZM is just as complex, but uses the holistic paradigm to deal with the sophistication. The application domain and its resource require a tool of matching characteristics, which is facilitated by the current wide availability of high performance computing. An object-oriented expert system, COAMES, has been constructed to prove this concept. The application of expert systems to ICZM in particular has been flagged as a viable challenge and yet very few have taken it …

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An Evaluation Of The Environmental Fate Of Reactive Dyes, Malcolm John Hetheridge Jan 2001

An Evaluation Of The Environmental Fate Of Reactive Dyes, Malcolm John Hetheridge

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Dyestuffs are widely used industrial chemicals, yet surprisingly little is known about their fate in the environment. The potential modes of transformation and removal of reactive dyes in treatment and in the environment are principally through anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation and photodegradation. The research herein describes the use of LC-MS analysis with laboratory simulations to develop a better understanding of the occurrence and fate of reactive dyes and their degradation products in the aquatic environment. One reason for the lack of information on the environmental fate of reactive dyes has been the paucity of robust analytical methods suitable for the …

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The Biogeochemical Cycling Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In The Iberian Margin Upwelling System (Ne Atlantic Ocean, Geogina Spyres Jan 2001

The Biogeochemical Cycling Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In The Iberian Margin Upwelling System (Ne Atlantic Ocean, Geogina Spyres

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the quantitatively most important organic carbon reservoir in the world's oceans and its determination at ocean margins, where the exchange of terrestrial and oceanic organic matter occurs, is important for estimating cross-slope fluxes to deep waters. With the increased accuracy and precision (-1%) of analytical methodologies, small changes in the DOC pool can be detected (i.e. 1- 2uM-C). This study investigated the biogeochemical cycling of DOC at the Iberian Margin upwelling system (42-43°N, --9-10°W), where contrasting seasonal hydrologic phenomena occur (e.g. summer upwelling, winter poleward current). Spatial and temporal DOC distributions were determined using high …

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