Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Northern Iowa

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 31771 - 31800 of 35961

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Reduction Of Furan And The Preparation Of Tetramethylene Derivatives, Donald F. Starr, R. M. Hixon Jan 1934

Reduction Of Furan And The Preparation Of Tetramethylene Derivatives, Donald F. Starr, R. M. Hixon

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

During the study of the nitrogen heterocyclics, a convenient method of preparing δ-chlorovaleronitrile was desired. The synthesis developed involved the procedure of Gilman and Louisinian for decarboxylation of furoic acid. The furan obtained was reduced in the presence of palladous oxide palladium black giving a 95 per cent yield of tetrahydrofuran which was split with hydrogen chloride yielding 55 per cent of the theoretical tetramethylene chlorohydrin. Treatment of the chlorohydrin with phosphorus tribromide gave a 98 per cent yield of tetramethylene chlorobromide which gave a 52 per cent yield of δ-chlorovalero nitrile when reacted with sodium cyanide. The chemicals required …

Go to article

Hydrolysis Velocity Of Ketimines - Steric Hindrance Effect, J. B. Culbertson, William Reynolds, Clarence Main Jan 1934

Hydrolysis Velocity Of Ketimines - Steric Hindrance Effect, J. B. Culbertson, William Reynolds, Clarence Main

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Additional work has been carried on to gain further information concerning the significance of ortho-substituted groups upon the rate of which diphenyl ketimine hydrochlorides hydrolyze to ketones. In this particular study the following isomeric ketimines have been prepared and their hydrolysis velocities determined: 2, 6-dimethyl-, 2, 5-dimethyl-, 2, 4-dimethyl-, and 3, 5-dimethyldiphenyl ketimines hydrochlorides. The first of these with the two ortho-substituted methyl groups is hydrolyzed appreciably only after prolonged boiling with water. The last with no ortho-substituent is hydrolyzed very rapidly at room temperature, so that its reaction velocity must be measured at 0°C. The second and third ketimine …

Go to article

Behavior Of Bromine Derivatives Of Guaiacol Toward Nitrating Agents, L. Chas. Raiford, R. E. Silker Jan 1934

Behavior Of Bromine Derivatives Of Guaiacol Toward Nitrating Agents, L. Chas. Raiford, R. E. Silker

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Attempts to nitrate 4, 5, 6-tribromoguaiacol by means of nitrous acid as "directed by Zincke failed to give any product that could be identified. The use of nitric acid of various concentrations also failed to give more than traces of nitro product. Treatment of the acetyl and benzoyl derivatives with fuming nitric acid at room temperature gave 2-methoxy-3-nitro- 4, 5, 6-tribromophenyl acetate and 2-methoxy-3-nitro-4, 5, 6-tribromophenyl m-nitrobenzoate, respectively. It is significant that bromine was not lost in these nitrations and that in the last case both nuclei were nitrated.

Go to article

The Acid And Alkaline Hydrolyses Of Silk Fibroin, Eunice Walde, Rachel Edgar Jan 1934

The Acid And Alkaline Hydrolyses Of Silk Fibroin, Eunice Walde, Rachel Edgar

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

It is known in a general way that acid and alkali are destructive to silk fibroin, but there are only few and scattered data recorded in the literature. In this laboratory, the acid and the alkaline hydrolyses of silk fibroin have been followed by determination of the nitrogen, weight, wet breaking strength and elongation at the breaking load of a degummend silk fabric after treatment for ten hours with sodium hydroxide ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 N at 25° and 40°C., hydrochloric acid of concentrations 0.0 to 2.0 N at 40°C., and with acid and alkali for one hour at …

Go to article

The Production Of Kynurenic Acid From Tryptophane And Indole Derivatives, Lyle C. Bauguess, Clarence P. Berg Jan 1934

The Production Of Kynurenic Acid From Tryptophane And Indole Derivatives, Lyle C. Bauguess, Clarence P. Berg

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The production of kynurenic acid from derivatives closely related to tryptophane serves as a means of indicating whether the animal organism is able to accomplish the changes necessary to convert such derivatives into tryptophane itself, or into some product intermediate in the transformation of tryptophane to kynurertic acid. With this in mind, a number of l-tryptophane and indole derivatives were prepared and administered to rabbits, both per os and subcutaneously, in amounts molecularly equivalent to 1 gm. of tryptophane and the kynurenic acid produced was estimated.

Go to article

Terraced Deposit Of An Extinct Thermal Spring In South Park, Colorado, Don B. Gould Jan 1934

Terraced Deposit Of An Extinct Thermal Spring In South Park, Colorado, Don B. Gould

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

South Park, a flat, non-forested area west of the Front Range in central Colorado, was affected by Tertiary volcanic action, as is indicated by lava flows and intrusive sheets of that period. Several warm springs occur in the western portion of the Park which may represent the last phases of this, or later, vulcanism. None of these warm springs has formed deposits, or is forming them today. The occurrence of a mass of calcareous tufa, unrelated to any existing spring, with terraces and general configuration similar to deposits now being made by hot springs in Yellowstone Park, suggests that hot …

Go to article

The Effect Of Increasing The Size Of Samples In Certain Distributions, Fred A. Brandner Jan 1934

The Effect Of Increasing The Size Of Samples In Certain Distributions, Fred A. Brandner

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The problem of comparing two or more distributions has been under discussion for approximately 150 years. The classical method of comparing moments or functions of moments is without doubt the one which holds the favor of most of the eminent statisticians. It is not the purpose of this paper to enumerate the merits or demerits of any test of significance of differences of samples. Rather, a certain method of procedure is chosen, and in accordance with the hypotheses of this method the effect of increasing the size of the sample is shown. Comparative relations are easily shown with a few …

Go to article

An Experiment In Gravitation, W. H. Kadesch, R. D. Huntoon Jan 1934

An Experiment In Gravitation, W. H. Kadesch, R. D. Huntoon

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In this work an attempt is made to repeat in somewhat altered form, an experiment of the late Charles F. Brush, in which he believed he had observed a considerable deviation from the accepted relationship that the inertia of an object is proportional to its weight.

Go to article

Psychophysical Analysis Of Color Blindness, A. A. Benedict Jan 1934

Psychophysical Analysis Of Color Blindness, A. A. Benedict

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Owing to the fact that color blindness is seemingly quite an intangible phenomenon and that there are several theories, one of which has often been accepted by the experimenter so that the results are usually somewhat biased, we find that the results vary quite considerably when tests are made by the different methods.

Go to article

The M-Series Absorption Spectrum Of Metallic Bismuth, W. D. Phelps Jan 1934

The M-Series Absorption Spectrum Of Metallic Bismuth, W. D. Phelps

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Using a Siegbahn vacuum spectrometer and thin films of bismuth produced by sputtering, the wavelengths of the five x-ray M-absorption edges of bismuth 83 have been measured. For the edges M1 and M2, which had not previously been measured, the discrepancy between the computed and observed values is of the order of magnitude of experimental error while the usual large M4 and M5 discrepancies, first observed in this laboratory on other elements, are verified for bismuth. An interpretation of the large discrepancies between the experimental and computed wavelengths of the edges M4 and M …

Go to article

A Study Of The Cybotactic Group Structure In Isopentane Near The Critical Point, Carl A. Benz Jan 1934

A Study Of The Cybotactic Group Structure In Isopentane Near The Critical Point, Carl A. Benz

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

X-ray diffraction curves of scattered intensity as a function of angle have been measured using a Coolidge Molybdenum x-ray tube, and an ionization chamber spectrometer.

Go to article

Structure Of Solutions Of Strong Electrolytes In N-Alcohols And Water, G. W. Stewart Jan 1934

Structure Of Solutions Of Strong Electrolytes In N-Alcohols And Water, G. W. Stewart

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Although great advances have been made in the adoption of theory to the conception of the structure of electrolytes, it has been shown by Fowler and Kramers in an exact statistical treatment that the current theories are significant largely from an empirical point of view. Any theory which uses only Coulomb forces and not all of the molecular forces, must be inadequate. The structure of electrolytes remains one of the challenging problem at the present time. The method of x-ray diffraction is crude and is not very promising as a method of attack, yet the evidence which might be accumulated …

Go to article

A Mechanical Method For The Analyisis Of Complex Spectra, J. V. Atanasoff, A. E. Brandt Jan 1934

A Mechanical Method For The Analyisis Of Complex Spectra, J. V. Atanasoff, A. E. Brandt

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This paper discusses the application of the punched card equipment, now commonly used in statistical and actuarial work, to the analysis of complex spectra into terms. The spectral frequencies are punched on one set of cards and as complements on another. These cards are then passed in pairs through the tabulator which is provided with a summary punch. The cards from the summary punch are sorted and tabulated. The common differences as well as a code number indicating the lines giving rise to these common differences may be easily read from the tabulation sheet. With the aid of certain refinements, …

Go to article

Effect Of Additions Of Cadmium On Growth Of Zinc Crystals, E. P. T. Tyndall Jan 1934

Effect Of Additions Of Cadmium On Growth Of Zinc Crystals, E. P. T. Tyndall

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Using the Czochralski-Gomperz method and various specimens of zinc containing certainly less than 1 per cent Cd., Schilling encountered mosaic crystals and failed to find the region of successful growth of Hoyem and Tyndall. It has been found, however, that by using zinc containing several tenths of one per cent of Cadmium the mosaics are largely prevented and a region of growth similar to the previous one reappears.

Go to article

Electrical Resistivities Of Zinc Single And Mosaic Crystals, W. J. Poppy Jan 1934

Electrical Resistivities Of Zinc Single And Mosaic Crystals, W. J. Poppy

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Continuation of the work on electrical resistivity of single crystal zinc completely confirms the value of the ratio of principal resistivities previously found in this Laboratory. A slight difference in purity of two lots of zinc which is, however, sufficient to cause a difference in resistivity of about one per cent, does not change this ratio. Further work is being done on the effect of strain on the resistivities of mosaic crystals.

Go to article

Thermal Conductivity And Wiedemann-Franz Ratio For Zinc Crystals, C. A. Cinnamon Jan 1934

Thermal Conductivity And Wiedemann-Franz Ratio For Zinc Crystals, C. A. Cinnamon

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The measured thermal conductivities of large bars (30 cm. x 1.2 cm2) of single crystal zinc obey the Voigt-Thomson symmetry relation. The ratio of the conductivities perpendicular and parallel to the axis is 1.057. Since this agrees with the ratio of the similar electrical conductivities the Wiedemann-Franz ratio is the same for all directions in the crystal. This ratio agrees within 10 per cent with the value predicted by the Sommerfeld theory.

Go to article

The Dependence Of Cybotactic Groups On Specific Volume, Ross D. Spangler Jan 1934

The Dependence Of Cybotactic Groups On Specific Volume, Ross D. Spangler

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Additional x-ray diffraction data have been taken on ethyl ether in the region of the critical point. (Spangler, Abstract 24, Phys. Rev. 42, p 907, 1932) Series of diffraction curves at pressures of 39.2, 44.1, 49, and 55 kg/cm with temperatures ranging up to 235°C show, as in previous work, that the cybotactic groupings depend more on specific volume than on temperature. At each of the above pressures, the indications of groups disappear at about the critical specific volume regardless of the higher temperatures at higher pressures. The ionization currents were measured with a direct deflection amplifier employing an FP-54 …

Go to article

Serviceable Homemade Apparatus, E. Hobart Collins Jan 1934

Serviceable Homemade Apparatus, E. Hobart Collins

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Four pieces of apparatus, a mounting for a gyroscope, a Newton's second law of motion demonstration, a short wave oscillator and a stroboscope for measuring phase change in A. C. circuits are described. For the latter two the actual apparatus is shown. Each piece is an effective teaching device and can be made for a small fraction of the cost of purchasing similar equipment from the manufacturers. The ideas for these pieces of apparatus have been picked up in various places and no special claim for originality is made.

Go to article

A Study Of Some Transfer Values Of Laboratory Versus Library Projects, W. J. Poppy, C. J. Lapp Jan 1934

A Study Of Some Transfer Values Of Laboratory Versus Library Projects, W. J. Poppy, C. J. Lapp

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A library project is defined as carefully outlined library work that is calculated to have the same teaching values and to require the same time to accomplish as a certain laboratory experiment. The transfer values of projects versus laboratory experiments have been tested in seven student groups of known intelligence. It has been difficult to find concepts and skills that did not transfer better in the more intelligent groups from project than from experiment in the laboratory. In the groups of tower intelligence the reverse is true. These data have been treated statistically.

Go to article

Some Experiments On The Teaching Value Of Talking Motion Pictures In College Physics, C. J. Lapp, W. J. Poppy Jan 1934

Some Experiments On The Teaching Value Of Talking Motion Pictures In College Physics, C. J. Lapp, W. J. Poppy

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

At the end of the first semester a talking motion picture on molecular physics was shown twice to Section A in College Physics. Section B did not see the picture. The following day the Nation-wide examination in College Physics was given to both groups and about twenty questions were selected for analysis from the examination covering material reviewed in the pictures. Also a supplementary examination of 13 questions was given to cover material not covered in the final examination. An analysis of the results shows that this talking motion picture was a very effective means of reviewing molecular physics.

Go to article

Experiments On The Effectiveness Of Lectures In College Physics, C. J. Lapp Jan 1934

Experiments On The Effectiveness Of Lectures In College Physics, C. J. Lapp

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

At the beginning of the school year 140 students registered in College Physics in two sections to meet at eight and nine o'clock respectively. During the first semester four mid-semester examinations each containing 50 objective items of the multiple situation type were given. The average of the mid-semester examinations was found to correlate almost perfectly with the corrected Nationwide Examination in College Physics used as a semester final. On the basis of these achievement data it is possible to select groups at random from either section and compute their relative achievements. Using this method to predict what a given group …

Go to article

Electron Collisions In Mercury Vapor - The 9.8 Volt Loss, C. L. Cross, John A. Eldridge Jan 1934

Electron Collisions In Mercury Vapor - The 9.8 Volt Loss, C. L. Cross, John A. Eldridge

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Magnetic analysis of electrons which have passed through mercury vapor has shown the energy losses corresponding to the principle levels of the normal atom. A very prominent energy loss of 11.1 volts (and so greater than the ionization potential) is not accounted for. It is now shown that the energy loss of 9.8 volts is not due to a double 4.9 excitation.

Go to article

An Analytical Study Of The Common Elements In Silent And Oral Reading, Donald E. Swanson Jan 1934

An Analytical Study Of The Common Elements In Silent And Oral Reading, Donald E. Swanson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This paper will give in a preliminary way a brief summary of a new approach and a new technique for the diagnosis of reading difficulties at the college freshmen level. The oral reading of 70 poor silent readers has been recorded phonographically. Scores in the lowest quartile on the Iowa Silent Reading Test and Whipple's High School and College Reading Test were used as the criteria of inferior silent reading. The subjects thus selected were inferior in comprehension and in rate of silent reading and in vocabulary. Intelligence as approximated by the University Qualifying composite scores ranged between percentiles 1-60.

Go to article

Some Supplementary Devices For Improving Laboratory Results, M. R. Jones Jan 1934

Some Supplementary Devices For Improving Laboratory Results, M. R. Jones

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Frequently the instructor in laboratory Psychology can improve the results of the laboratory work by making a few minor adjustments and adaptations to the standard equipment.

Go to article

An Analysis Of The Functional Timbre Variations Of The Violin, Arnold M. Small Jan 1934

An Analysis Of The Functional Timbre Variations Of The Violin, Arnold M. Small

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The research which has been previously directed toward the analysis of the timbre of the violin has not, to the best of my knowledge, ever objectively considered the dynamic character of the violin tone. A complete description of the timbre of the violin can never be attained until, in addition to the extant method of clang analysis, qualitative and quantitative statements are forthcoming regarding the timbre variations which are functionally based upon the tone-production factors inherent in violin playing. These factors to which I refer are essentially: (1) bow direction; (2) point at which string is activated; (3) method of …

Go to article

Stimulus-Response Factors In Infantile Plantar Phenomena, T. W. Richards Jan 1934

Stimulus-Response Factors In Infantile Plantar Phenomena, T. W. Richards

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the course of some work preliminary to a genetic study of plantar responses of infants and children, it occurred to Dr. Irwin and myself, on the basis of considerable confusion in the literature, that a study of stimulus factors plus a check on methods of judgement of responses might be worthwhile.

Go to article

Measurement Of Aesthetic Interests, Alvhh R. Lauer Jan 1934

Measurement Of Aesthetic Interests, Alvhh R. Lauer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Allport and Vernon have considered Spranger's classification of human interests as a basis for categories in the field of social psychology. The problems of the relative importance of heredity and environment have not been satisfactorily settled using any similar basis of classification. Strong's theory of interest measurement is based primarily upon the affective supremacy in the reaction tendency systems or habit patterns. The affective and volitional elements are placed above the cognition or meaning elements.

Go to article

A Criterion Of Driving Ability, Earl L. Allgaier Jan 1934

A Criterion Of Driving Ability, Earl L. Allgaier

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the field of highway safety considerable work has been done to develop various tests of driving ability. In this development two major problems present themselves. First, the test itself must be perfected so as to be reliable, that is, the test must give the same result when repeated. Second, the validity of the test must be determined by comparing the results of the test with actual performance. To do this a criterion of driving ability must be established. Rating of drivers from general observation does not yield satisfactory results. As an instance of this the correlation between accidents per …

Go to article

The Relative Importance Of Intensity And Time Stress In Singing, Harold Seashore Jan 1934

The Relative Importance Of Intensity And Time Stress In Singing, Harold Seashore

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The factors that enter into the production and perception of rhythm in singing are so varied and complex that they almost defy clarification. In discussing rhythm of the singer, musicians have confined themselves almost entirely to one general term: stress, with its loose synonyms, accent and emphasis. These terms are not well-defined, although generally the context implies that stress, accent, and emphasis mean an increase in dynamics, a "push" in intensity. It is the purpose of this paper to attempt to clarify the nature of vocal rhythm by discussing some studies of two major factors that are involved: time stress …

Go to article

A New Departure In Mental Measurements, D. D. Feder Jan 1934

A New Departure In Mental Measurements, D. D. Feder

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

At the 1933 meeting of this group we presented a brief discussion of a proposed new departure in the field of mental measurements. At that time we pointed out the rather widespread dissatisfaction with current types of mental and educational tests. The first criticism was based upon the lack of agreement of test theory with the best psychological knowledge. Another criticism dealt with the fact that tests (especially educational tests) tended to emphasize the measurement of mere possession of knowledge rather than the functional significance of such knowledge. Finally, it was noted that the primary concern of the psychologist in …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last