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The Role Of Organoaluminum Compounds In The Friedel-Crafts Reaction, Albert H. Haubein, Lester D. Apperson, Henry Gilman Jan 1939

The Role Of Organoaluminum Compounds In The Friedel-Crafts Reaction, Albert H. Haubein, Lester D. Apperson, Henry Gilman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

It was originally suggested by Friedel and Crafts1 that the reactions which later came to bear their name proceed by way of organoaluminum compounds. Later Leone2 and co-workers studied the possibility of organoaluminum intermediates by reacting organoaluminum iodide etherates with alkyl halides, acid halides, and ketones. With alkyl halides they obtained small quantities of homologs of benzene together with large amounts of resins, whereas acid halides and ketones gave chiefly condensation products. They concluded that alkylation may proceed by way of an organoalmninum compound, but that ketone synthesis does not involve intermediate organoaluminum compounds because of condensation reactions. …

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Morphine Alkaloids And Synthetic Dibenzofuran Derivatives, Thomas H. Cook, Henry Gilman Jan 1939

Morphine Alkaloids And Synthetic Dibenzofuran Derivatives, Thomas H. Cook, Henry Gilman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A continuation of studies patterning synthetic types after morphine alkaloids has now made possible the introduction of substituents into the critical 1-, 4-, 6- and 9-positions. The present report is concerned with methoxy and hydroxy groups in the 4- and 6-positions, and suitably substituted amino groups in the 1-position. A typical compound is 1-(α-aminoethyl )-4-methoxydibenzofuran hydrochloride (m. p., 268-269°), prepared from the oxime of l-acetyl-4-methoxydibcnzofuran by conventional reactions. So far success has not attended several attempts to bridge the 1- and 9-positions. Where cyclization does take place it goes homonuclearly and not heteronuclearly. It is possible that di-cyclization may proceed …

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The Pleistocene Geology Of Audubon Country, Iowa, W. Herbert Yoho Jan 1939

The Pleistocene Geology Of Audubon Country, Iowa, W. Herbert Yoho

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The entire surface of Audubon County is covered with a thick deposit of glacial drift, loess, etc. Erosion has not been great enough in any part of the county to expose indurated rock. Two glacial stages are represented in the drift deposits - the Nebraskan and Kansan. Loveland and Peorian loesses overlie the drift. The Nebraskan is the thicker of the drift deposits. Several wells have been drilled to or through basal Nebraskan sand, and thicknesses of Nebraskan drift of 2SO to 3SO feet are not uncommon. The top of the Nebraskan can be easily determined where the Nebraskan gumbotil …

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High Molecular Weight Fatty Acid Derivatives And The Phenomenon Of Homology, Fred W. Hoyt, Byron A. Hunter, Henry Gilman Jan 1939

High Molecular Weight Fatty Acid Derivatives And The Phenomenon Of Homology, Fred W. Hoyt, Byron A. Hunter, Henry Gilman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The studies of compounds derived from lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids have been advanced sufficiently to indicate that the generally accepted principles drawn from the phenomenon of homology apply to these normal, long-chained acid derivatives. It appears advisable not to compare all homologous acids, but to break up the series of acids (and their derivatives) so that comparisons are made of normal acids, of disubstituted acetic acids, and of trisubstituted acetic acids. The present evidence is based on several classes of new compounds derived directly or indirectly from the acids: namely, primary, secondary and tertiary amines; ethanol amines; sulfides, …

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Photography - A Physics Course For The Small College, Roger M. Morrow Jan 1939

Photography - A Physics Course For The Small College, Roger M. Morrow

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Photography makes an excellent science course for interested students with varying degrees of preparation. Excellent text books have been published. The need of exact quantitative experiments has been pointed out. Several such experiments are available.

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The Geology Of Greene County, Iowa, Wilfred B. Tapper Jan 1939

The Geology Of Greene County, Iowa, Wilfred B. Tapper

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A layer of Wisconsin drift ranging up to 150 feet in thickness mantles the better part of the bedrock surface of Greene County. The shales and coals of the Pennsylvanian Des Moines series are limited to three townships in the southeastern part of the county. The sections are small and difficult to place in the stratigraphic column, due to the absence of key horizons. Access to strip pits and test hole records has aided in an interpretation of Cherokee sedimentation. The absence of limestones and marine shales indicates that conditions were continental; typical cyclothems are absent. Difficulty in tracing individual …

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Some Deformations Of Southwestern Iowa, E. H. Wenberg Jan 1939

Some Deformations Of Southwestern Iowa, E. H. Wenberg

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Possibilities of oil production have recently revived interest in the structure of southwestern Iowa. Along the Missouri River is a series of low major synclines and of two major anticlines trending east-northeast. The largest, the Brownville syncline, extends from southeastern Nebraska into southwestern Iowa. On the north it is bounded by the Jones Point deformation, consisting of the asymmetric Redfield anticline and the Union fault. Both the Jones Point deformation and the Union fault were originally described in Nebraska, but are now traced across the river into Iowa. Possibly other minor faults occur in the south flank of the arch. …

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The M5 And M4 Edges Of Gold In The Pure State And In A Gold Copper Alloy, J. W. Mcgrath Jan 1939

The M5 And M4 Edges Of Gold In The Pure State And In A Gold Copper Alloy, J. W. Mcgrath

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

For most of the M5 and M4 x-ray absorption edges already measured there is a discrepancy between observed and calculated values. The M1 edges occasionally have a small discrepancy while the M2 and M3 edges seldom show any. Siegbahn and Phelps have suggested that the final levels in the edge transitions are valence and low lattice levels and that the selection rule Δ1= ± 1 is usually giving the transition preference. A change in atomic spacing of a metal, such as often results from alloying it, should produce a change in the energies of its …

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The Orientation Of Certain Liquid Crystals And The Flow Of Heat, Leon M. Reynolds, G. W. Stewart Jan 1939

The Orientation Of Certain Liquid Crystals And The Flow Of Heat, Leon M. Reynolds, G. W. Stewart

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The flow of heat without convection in the liquid crystal paraazoxyanisol seems definitely to orient these liquid crystals with their long axes perpendicular to the direction of the flow. This phenomenon, first observed by G.W. Stewart, has been independently verified by Donald 0. Holland and Leon M. Reynolds. The orientation is readily disturbed by convection and by a mechanical disturbance such as a rotation of the sample. The significance of this phenomenon is at present uncertain. The difficulty rests in an adequate theoretical treatment of such a non-homogeneous medium. Tests should be made of other liquid crystals.

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The Effect Of Distraction On The Frequency Of Stuttering, Virginia Barber Jan 1939

The Effect Of Distraction On The Frequency Of Stuttering, Virginia Barber

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

It is well known that under certain "distraction" situations stutterers are able to read with greatly increased fluency or even with complete freedom from stuttering. Two investigations of the effect of distraction were made: (1) of chorus reading, and (2) of various rhythms.

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The Reliability Of An Abbreviated Test Of Alertness, Charles R. Rostron, A. R. Lauer Jan 1939

The Reliability Of An Abbreviated Test Of Alertness, Charles R. Rostron, A. R. Lauer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In certain types of work a short test of mental alertness is quite important: (1) because of the lack of time and means required to administer a full length test, and (2) because of the motivation of the examinees. The Otis Self-Administering Test has met this demand to some extent but it implies a certain amount of education and takes at least 20 minutes. A survey of test materials indicated some coml1ination of the Army Alpha and Beta tests had possibilities for this type of measuring instrument. A research was undertaken to adapt some of these types of materials to …

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The Histology Of The Thyroid Glands Of Dogs Sixteen Weeks Of Age, W. G. Venzke Jan 1939

The Histology Of The Thyroid Glands Of Dogs Sixteen Weeks Of Age, W. G. Venzke

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In order to possess an understanding of the diseased thyroid gland, it is highly necessary to have a knowledge of the variations which may occur in the normal gland from early foetal life to senility. Variations may be produced by age, diet, sexual cycle, locality and perhaps breed. Each of these factors present very interesting problems. In the Department of Veterinary Anatomy at Iowa State College we are interested in the variable changes which occur in the normal thyroid gland of clogs from early foetal life to senility. The results of some phases of this investigation are now in the …

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The Solvating Power Of Anhydrous Magnesium Bromide As A Possible Function Of Its Preparation Temperature, H. H. Rowley, Jack A. Campbell Jan 1939

The Solvating Power Of Anhydrous Magnesium Bromide As A Possible Function Of Its Preparation Temperature, H. H. Rowley, Jack A. Campbell

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Before undertaking a study of the solvates of magnesium bromide, a method for preparing a reproducibly active anhydrous salt must be found. A suitable method is by the direct union of magnesium and bromine in ether, according to the procedure of Zelinsky. This results in the formation of etherates, from which the anhydrous salt can be obtained by desolvating at a moderately high temperature in a vacuum. It is known that if too high a temperature is used in the preparation of anhydrous aluminum oxide or calcium sulfate, the resulting product will not recombine with water. It is conceivable that …

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Teaching Aids In Botany. I - The Placement Test, S. M. Dietz, C. J. Gould Jr. Jan 1939

Teaching Aids In Botany. I - The Placement Test, S. M. Dietz, C. J. Gould Jr.

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The written placement test has proven a valuable teaching aid in General Botany at Iowa State College, particularly when used to segregate students into high, medium, or low sections. In the fall of 1938 it was used to segregate 350 students into 5 high, 2 medium and 5 low sections. The administrative difficulties of sectioning were met by placing the 90 students who were classified for the same class period into 3 sections of about 30 each. This test has been evolved over a period of ten years; and is composed of ten comprehensive questions of the following types: information, …

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The Formation Of Gas Bubbles In Liquids, W. G. Eversole, G. H. Wagner Jan 1939

The Formation Of Gas Bubbles In Liquids, W. G. Eversole, G. H. Wagner

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Gas bubbles which were formed by passing nitrogen through a glass capillary into liquids were studied by means of stroboscopic frequency measurements, rate of gas flow, and instantaneous ( approx. 10-5 sec. exposure) photographs. The size of the bubbles was determined both from the frequency and rate of gas flow and from measurements of the photographic images of the bubbles. The following pure liquids and solutions were used at room temperature: ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, aniline, acetone, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, ether, and three aqueous solutions of ethyl alcohol. The pressures used were varied from the …

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A Preliminary List Of Plants Of The Sand Mounds Of Muscatine And Louisa Counties, Iowa, Mabel Estle Brown, Robert G. Brown Jan 1939

A Preliminary List Of Plants Of The Sand Mounds Of Muscatine And Louisa Counties, Iowa, Mabel Estle Brown, Robert G. Brown

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This paper deals with the flora of a dune area in Muscatine and Louisa counties in Iowa known locally as the Sand Mound, the only region of its kind nearer than the sand hills of Nebraska to the west and the dunes of Lake Michigan to the east. Shimek2 in 1893 listed the plants of the Iowa Sand Lands including the Sand Mound, but no one has actually determined the flora of the large dune. It is the purpose of this paper to learn as far as possible what plants grow on the mound including its margins.

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Measurement Of Relative Humidity By Menas Of Thermocouples, C. G. Anderson Jan 1939

Measurement Of Relative Humidity By Menas Of Thermocouples, C. G. Anderson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A discussion is given of the construction and use of thermocouples as wet and dry bulb hygrometers for measuring the vapor pressure of water in small spaces. Experiments for determining the effect of thermocouple form, air velocity, and other factors affecting the reading of the instrument are described.

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Practice In Skills Designed To Improve Ability In Playing Handball, H. C. Bennion Jan 1939

Practice In Skills Designed To Improve Ability In Playing Handball, H. C. Bennion

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Practice sessions in the skill described in this paper were carried on by the writer during the months of January and February, 1939. The object of the practice sessions was to develop skill in handball, in which the subject had had no previous experience. Before deciding on the method of procedure, the subject observed several expert players. He then decided to practice along three lines which seemed most important in securing proficiency in the game.

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Officers, Committees, Past Presidents, And Members, Iowa Academy Of Science Jan 1939

Officers, Committees, Past Presidents, And Members, Iowa Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Proceedings Of The Fifty-Third Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, Held At Ames, April 21 And 22, 1939: Minutes Of The 1939 Meeting Jan 1939

Proceedings Of The Fifty-Third Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, Held At Ames, April 21 And 22, 1939: Minutes Of The 1939 Meeting

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Reports: Executive Committee; Secretary; Treasurer; Staff Reports; Committee Reports Jan 1939

Reports: Executive Committee; Secretary; Treasurer; Staff Reports; Committee Reports

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Plants New To Iowa, George J. Goodman Jan 1939

Plants New To Iowa, George J. Goodman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The following plants are not in Mr. Cratty's1 catalogue and, so far as I know, have not been definitely reported elsewhere from Iowa. All of the plants cited are in the Herbarium of Iowa State College.

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The Relation Between Chlorophyll Concentration And The Internal Surface Of Mesomorphic And Xeromorphic Leaves Grown Under Artificial Light, F. M. Turrell Jan 1939

The Relation Between Chlorophyll Concentration And The Internal Surface Of Mesomorphic And Xeromorphic Leaves Grown Under Artificial Light, F. M. Turrell

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Geneau de Lamarlière in 1892 demonstrated that photosynthetic rate is greater per unit area of leaf surface in sun leaves than in shade leaves. Alexandrov is reported by Maximov ( 1929) to have found higher photosynthetic rates in upper xeromorphic leaves than in lower inserted, less xeromorphic leaves, while Haas and Halma ( 1932) _obtained quicker and better rooting in citrus cuttings which have a high percentage of palisade. Willstätter and Stoll (1918) showed photosynthetic rate increased with chlorophyll content. They Willstätter and Stoll, 1913) recorded data which, by the writer's calculations on the fresh weight basis, showed that sun …

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Notes On The Forests Of Southern Iowa, J. A. Larsen, J. R. Dilworth Jan 1939

Notes On The Forests Of Southern Iowa, J. A. Larsen, J. R. Dilworth

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the southernmost tier of counties in Iowa, particularly in Jefferson, Van Buren, Wapello, Davis, Monroe, Appanoose, Lucas and Wayne counties there exist rather extensive natural forests of oak and other hardwood species. These counties lie within an area of considerable loessal soils. This part of the state has been designated in agricultural parlance as the southern Iowa pasture section. The relief of the land in these parts consists of a rather distinct upland plain lying generally about 1000 feet above sea-level. Dissection of this plain by drainage has resulted in numerous fingering and tortuous headwaters creating slopes or terraces, …

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The Genus Arabis In Iowa, Clark D. Paris Jan 1939

The Genus Arabis In Iowa, Clark D. Paris

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

During the past year a critical study was made of the genus Arabis in Iowa. The specimens of the herbaria of Iowa State College at Ames. State University of Iowa at Iowa City, and Grinnell College at Grinnell were examined. Hopkins' recent paper "Arabis in Eastern and Central North America" was used in the identification of the plants. No attempt has been made to monograph the Iowa Arabis previously. The only records are those that have been published in the various papers on the state flora, only a few of which are at all complete for the state as a …

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Studies In The Redistribution Of Some Phytopathogenic Species Of Bacillus, J. M. Aikman, Helen F. Barr Jan 1939

Studies In The Redistribution Of Some Phytopathogenic Species Of Bacillus, J. M. Aikman, Helen F. Barr

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The genus Bacillus as recently defined excludes non-endospore formers which necessitates a redistribution of the phytopathogenic species. The studies from which this preliminary report is taken deal with the possible reclassification of eight species of peritrichous phytopathogenic bacteria. More than 50 species of bacterial plant pathogens have been described as belonging to the genus Bacillus. In only a comparatively few of these named species do the original citations include a description adequate for accurate identification and classification. A number of these have since been relegated to synonymy. Out of all these species, cultures of only eight could be obtained …

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Cytoplasmic Structures In The Basidium Revealed By Silver Impregnation, J. E. Sass Jan 1939

Cytoplasmic Structures In The Basidium Revealed By Silver Impregnation, J. E. Sass

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Basidia of Coprinus fimetarius treated by silver impregnation methods exhibit blackened bodies in the cytoplasm. The size, shape, position and distribution of these bodies correspond to those of bodies demonstrated by mitochondrial techniques. The silver-absorbing bodies in the basidium are unlike the Golgi bodies demonstrated in some animal cells by silver impregnation, but bear much resemblance to mitochondria.

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The Second Virial Coefficient As A Measure Of Gas Imperfection, E. O. Price Jan 1939

The Second Virial Coefficient As A Measure Of Gas Imperfection, E. O. Price

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The combined laws of Boyle and of Gay-Lussac give the familiar formula pv = nRT for the equation of state of any gas. No single gas, however, obeys this law exactly under all conditions. The classical experiment of Joule, moreover, seemed to show that the internal energy of a gas is independent of the volume, or (δU/δV)τ . More exact measurements subsequently performed by Joule and Thomsen established the fact that this conclusion is also inexact for all real gases, but that it is approached more closely the more a gas approaches the 'ideal state'. Deviations from these two laws …

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The Transition Temperature Of Deuterates, O. W. Muelder Jan 1939

The Transition Temperature Of Deuterates, O. W. Muelder

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The transition point, of a number of salts, have been determined. The thermometric method for determining transition temperatures was used. An apparatus was used which required only a few ml. of the deuterium oxide yet accurate to within ± .002°C. After comparing the transition points of deuterates with those of the corresponding hydrates, isomorphous crystals seemed to be similarly affected. The fact that certain deuterates show a higher transition temperature and others a lower transition temperature than that of corresponding hydrates, suggests tentative conclusions as to the relative degree of hydration on the cations and anions.

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Ethyl Etherates Of Zinc Bromide, H. H. Rowley, Florence V. Olson Jan 1939

Ethyl Etherates Of Zinc Bromide, H. H. Rowley, Florence V. Olson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The salvation of solid zinc bromide in contact with diethyl ether solutions has been studied by vapor pressure measurements and solubility determinations from -10 to 35° C. The existence of two solvates, believed to be the dietherate of zinc bromide, ZnBr2, 2(C2H5)2O and the monoetherate of zinc bromide, ZnBr2. - (C2H5)2O, was indicated by the following results: Definite changes in slope occurred in the curves obtained by plotting the logarithm of the vapor pressure of ether for systems of varying mol ratios (mols (C …

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