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A Language Test Of Children In Differential Rural Environments, G. M. Worbois
A Language Test Of Children In Differential Rural Environments, G. M. Worbois
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In spite of the fact that fifty per cent of the children of the United States live in rural areas, little is found in scientific literature concerning their abilities. There seems to be some evidence that rural children develop differently in certain respects than do urban children. In so far as this is true the extension of generalizations to them from studies based on city children alone is questionable. It seems important, consequently, to find the differential aspects of development. The present paper is part of a comprehensive study of rural children. It is a report of one of several …
An Extension Of Kirkendall's Study Of Incentives In The Motivation Of Children, Lyle K. Henry, Mary J. Brand
An Extension Of Kirkendall's Study Of Incentives In The Motivation Of Children, Lyle K. Henry, Mary J. Brand
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
This study was concerned with the incentives which motivate children, with particular reference to sex: and age differences. The questionnaire used was one formulated and used by Lester A. Kirkendall in his study of the influence of certain incentives in the motivation of 284 pupils in grades 4, 5 and 6 in the New Britain, Connecticut schools.2 The purpose of our investigation was to extend the data to include pupils of the upper grade levels and to compare the results with those of Kirkendall. This problem was conducted with the assistance of students in a class in the psychology of …
The Effects Of Punishment In Serial Verbal Learning, B. J. Underwood
The Effects Of Punishment In Serial Verbal Learning, B. J. Underwood
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
This investigation was concerned with two major problems: (a) the effect of punishment for error on the rate of serial verbal learning and on the amount of retroactive and proactive inhibition in the recall and relearning of the serial verbal habit, and (b) the determination of the direction and extent of muscular tension accompanying these learning and relearning conditions.
Recent Personnel Research Significant To Vital Educational Procedures, Earle E. Emme, Eugene M. Emme
Recent Personnel Research Significant To Vital Educational Procedures, Earle E. Emme, Eugene M. Emme
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The attitude of college faculties toward counseling or personnel work varies from positive rejection and ridicule to enthusiastic endorsement and unquestioned acceptance. A few typical faculty reactions indicate positive or negative reaction to personnel procedure.
A New Technic For Measuring The Effect Of Practice Upon Individual Differences (Abstract), W. A. Owens
A New Technic For Measuring The Effect Of Practice Upon Individual Differences (Abstract), W. A. Owens
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
It was suggested that the analysis of variance lends itself to this problem better than the conventional methods of measuring intercorrelations and standard deviations. An illustrative case was given.
Further Studies In The Technique Of Evaluating Biological Background (Abstract), Richard Schweet
Further Studies In The Technique Of Evaluating Biological Background (Abstract), Richard Schweet
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A six-category test of biological background, consisting of terms, names of men, etc., was constructed. Three alternate forms, marked by the same key and of equal difficulty, according to an item analysis, were made. Correlation of odd and even items gave reliability coefficients of + .88 and + .90. Statistical analysis of 500 tests of college and high school students in the state showed significant differences, by analysis of variance, among the following groups: graduate students, juniors and seniors, freshmen and sophomores, and high school students. Norms are given for these groups. No significant differences were found among different comparable …
A Preliminary List Of Pipunculidae (Diptera) Of Iowa, Ivan C. Brooks, H. E. Jaques
A Preliminary List Of Pipunculidae (Diptera) Of Iowa, Ivan C. Brooks, H. E. Jaques
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The big-headed flies, as these small insects are commonly called, are easily recognized by their very large, almost spherical head. They are small black flies four to five mm. long with wings two to three mm. longer than the abdomen. The basal cells are elongate; the anal cell reaches almost to the wing margin and is rarely incomplete. The apical cell is narrowed at the tip, but is never closed. There are three posterior cells with complete veination in all the genera except Chalarus Walker.
Selective Mating In The Earthworm (Lumbricus Terrestris L.), Hugh Clark
Selective Mating In The Earthworm (Lumbricus Terrestris L.), Hugh Clark
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Selective or assortative mating has been discussed under the term "homogamy," which has been defined by Harris (3) as "the mating of physically or psychically similar individuals." The phenomenon has been observed in the plant kingdom [see D. F. Jones (5) J and in several phyla of the animal kingdom, including Protozoa and Chordata. Willoughby and Pomerat (9) have reviewed homogamy with respect to physical characters, and the evidence for influence of psychic factors in mate selection has been summarized by H. E. Jones (6) and Schiller (8). This paper will report (1) certain quantitative findings on the existence and …
The Effects Of Ultracentrifuging Germinating Seeds Of Onion And Rye, James J. Hilbe
The Effects Of Ultracentrifuging Germinating Seeds Of Onion And Rye, James J. Hilbe
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Normally, the process of mitosis is an orderly, integrated series of events, that is, karyokinesis and cytokinesis are usually linked together and function as one continuous process. Occasionally, however, either one or both of these processes may be interfered with in some way so that a dissociation takes place between the two. This gives rise to an abnormal situation so that each process may proceed independently of the other or one may be inhibited while the other goes on uninterrupted. The most common abnormal condition of this type is the inhibition of cell cleavage while nuclear division continues, resulting in …
Experimental Modification Of X-Ray Injury To The Skin Of New-Born Rats (Abstract), J. P. Goodrich, T. C. Evans, J. C. Slaughter
Experimental Modification Of X-Ray Injury To The Skin Of New-Born Rats (Abstract), J. P. Goodrich, T. C. Evans, J. C. Slaughter
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
New-born rats have been irradiated with dosages of 300 to 3,000· roentgens and the effects noted on the skin (histologically) two weeks later. It was found that animals irradiated at temperatures of 0-10 degrees C. were much more resistant to the radiation than those at room temperature. It was also found that at 30 and 35 degrees C. the injury produced was greater than that at 25 degrees C. The effect of the temperature changes appears to be due (at least in part) to alterations produced in metabolic conditions. This conclusion is based on experiments in which the resistance was …
The Inheritance Of Pitted Ear (Abstract), Karl A. Stiles
The Inheritance Of Pitted Ear (Abstract), Karl A. Stiles
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Pitted ear is a relatively rare human anomaly defined as a pit in the proximal end of the upper part of the helix. This hereditary malformation has been studied in three different families, not known to be related. Pedigree charts prepared for these families show that one hundred and twenty-seven individuals are involved, of which twenty-four show pitted ear. This physical trait varies greatly throughout the families: the size of the pits ranges from approximately that of a pin head to about that of a match stick; and in depth, from about one-sixteenth to one-half inch. This trait is usually …
Proceedings Of The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, Held At Indianola, April 25 And 26, 1941: Minutes Of The 1941 Meeting
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Recent Advances In Applied Plant Genetics - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, I. J. Johnson
Recent Advances In Applied Plant Genetics - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, I. J. Johnson
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
One has but to compare the present-day methods with those of the pre-Mendelian era to realize fully the extent to which recent advances in genetics have been utilized in the improvement of plants. Modern plant breeding research not only utilizes the information from fundamental genetic investigations but also formulates basic facts that may result from the more practical phases of work. In the early periods of plant breeding when the different crops consisted of many biotypes, improvement was comparatively easy and often consisted of but simple selection of the strains best suited to the new environments. When this initial improvement …
Application Of Genetics To Animal Breeding - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Jay L. Lush
Application Of Genetics To Animal Breeding - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Jay L. Lush
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Animal breeding is is an old art, which long ago developed far beyond the scientific knowledge of the subject. By actual experience men built up certain rules as to what practices were or were not good procedure for a given set of conditions. Man naturally devised philosophical explanations which more or less satisfied his intellect as he went along. But it would be a far stretch of the imagination to call those explanations scientific.
An Outline Of Iowa Archaeology - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Charles R. Keyes
An Outline Of Iowa Archaeology - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Charles R. Keyes
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
This opportunity of addressing yon on the subject of the archaeology of Iowa is appreciated for very special reasons. The Iowa Academy of Science gave me my first public hearing on this subject in 1920, just twenty-one years ago, at the meeting of the Academy in Iowa City. It was a member of this Academy also, Professor Robert Wylie, of the University of Iowa, who encouraged me with the first spoken word. Furthermore, unknown to me at the time, Professor Benjamin F. Shambaugh, Superintendent of The State Historical Society of Iowa at Iowa City, had sent one of his editors …
Illustrations Of The Fleshy Fungi Of Iowa Ii. The White-Spored Agarics, Joseph C. Gilman
Illustrations Of The Fleshy Fungi Of Iowa Ii. The White-Spored Agarics, Joseph C. Gilman
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A year ago under this title the commoner mushrooms having purple-brown spores were presented. The present contribution, a continuation of that series, describes some gilled mushrooms that are included in the white-spored group. The white-spored agarics comprise the largest number of any of the spore groups of gilled fungi. Therefore, it has been necessary to choose the species to be illustrated. The criteria are frequency of occurrence and ease of identification. On these grounds members of the genera Russula and Lactarius, which are very common, have been excluded because of the difficulties of differentiation of species. Persons interested in …
Forest Communities Of The Quetico Provincial Park Of Ontario, R. V. Drexler
Forest Communities Of The Quetico Provincial Park Of Ontario, R. V. Drexler
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The observations outlined in this paper are the result of trips in the Quetico during the summers of 1934, 1938 and 1939. A study of the vascular vegetation was not the primary purpose of these trips, but it was necessary to form some opinion concerning the forest communities. Numerous studies have been published concerning the Coniferous Forest, but none of these papers apply particularly to the forest communities of the Quetieo.
Diseases Of Potatoes In Iowa, I. E. Melhus, D. R. Shepherd, Marie A. Corkle
Diseases Of Potatoes In Iowa, I. E. Melhus, D. R. Shepherd, Marie A. Corkle
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
It is a well-known fact that potato production in Iowa has decreased since 1895. This raises the question as to the cause of this decline. Many factors contributed to the decrease in potato production, one of which was the destructiveness of various diseases. Many diseases tend to initiate sharp fluctuations in yield and quality, two factors that have much to do with the stability of a given crop. Previous to 1895 there were no well-developed control measures for any of the potato diseases: in fact the causal agencies of many of them were quite unknown. Consequently, as different pathogens became …
The Use Of Tetrachlorethane In The Eradication Of The European Bindweed (Abstract), A. L. Bakke
The Use Of Tetrachlorethane In The Eradication Of The European Bindweed (Abstract), A. L. Bakke
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Tetrachlorethane, made by the addition of chlorine to acetylene, has proved to be effective in killing the European bindweed. By making holes 18 inches deep and having the holes 18 inches apart and placing two ounces of tetrachlorethane in each hole, a complete eradication of the European bindweed may be made with one application.
Notes On Iowa Plants (Abstract), Geo. J. Goodman
Notes On Iowa Plants (Abstract), Geo. J. Goodman
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Effects Of "Over Liming" An Iowa Soil With Gypsum (Abstract), W. E. Loomis
Effects Of "Over Liming" An Iowa Soil With Gypsum (Abstract), W. E. Loomis
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A sample of Clarion loam soil taken near the U. S. Gypsum Co. plant at Fort Dodge, for which the owner claimed accumulated injury from dust deposits, showed no symptoms of high -Ca injury. Potted crop plants growing in the soil showed marked response to nitrogen and phosphorus added together, little or no response to potassium added alone to balance excess calcium ions, and responded positively to additional applications of gypsum at the rate of 100,000 pounds an acre.
Argynna Polyhedron (Schev.) Morgan, An Ascomycete (Abstract), G. W. Martin
Argynna Polyhedron (Schev.) Morgan, An Ascomycete (Abstract), G. W. Martin
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Although he did not see the asci, Morgan believed this species must be an Ascomycetc since he felt it was impossible for the spores to be produced except in asci. Doubt has been cast on the accuracy of Morgan's description by European mycologists in spite of the fact that they had never seen the fungus, and certain American writers have accepted their decision. An additional collection from Missouri proves that Morgan was correct.
Epidermal Patterns In Haploid, Diploid And Tetraploid Tomatoes (Abstract), J. E. Sass, E. W. Lindstrom
Epidermal Patterns In Haploid, Diploid And Tetraploid Tomatoes (Abstract), J. E. Sass, E. W. Lindstrom
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Beginning with a sterile, dwarf tomato haploid of Lycopericon esculentum, carrying 12 univalent chromosomes, and a completely homozygous diploid strain with 12 pairs of chromosomes and highly fertile was produced by asexual doubling of chromosomes with the decapitation-callus technique. The latter was in turn doubled by the same method producing the relatively sterile homozygous autotetraploid form with 18 chromosomes (12 sets of quadrivalents). This n-2n-4n series of tomatoes provides unique material to test the influence of the very same genes in different dosages. The length of the guard cells along the median line affords a means of distinguishing between haploid, …
The Relationship Of Some Bacterial Plant Pathogens To The Coliform Bacteria (Abstract), E. L. Waldee
The Relationship Of Some Bacterial Plant Pathogens To The Coliform Bacteria (Abstract), E. L. Waldee
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Cultural and biochemical tests commonly used in the characterization of the coliform bacteria have been applied to 12 species of bacterial plant pathogens including Bacillus amylovorus, B. tracheiphilus, B. salicis, B. carotovorus, B. phytophthorus, B. atrosepticus, B. aroideae, B. melonis, B. lathyri, B. anans, Bacterium dissolvens and Bact. stewardii. These were studies comparatively with type cultures of Escherichia coli, E. freundii, Aerobacter aerogenes, A. cloacae, Proteus vulgaris and Serratia marcescens. Only one species, Bacterium dissolvens, was found to belong to the coliform bacteria. On the basis of these studies it should be considered a member of the genus …
The Eocene Vegetation Of The Red Desert In Wyoming (Abstract), L. R. Wilson, R. M. Webster
The Eocene Vegetation Of The Red Desert In Wyoming (Abstract), L. R. Wilson, R. M. Webster
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Brown coal from five mines on the Red Desert in Central Wyoming has been studied for plant microfossils. These suggest an Eocene vegetation similar to that now present in the Southeastern United States and a climate similar to it.
Saccharification Of Starchy Grain Mashes For Ethonal Fermentation Use Of Mold-Amylase Preparations, L. A. Underkofler, Kenneth J. Goering, G. Warren Buckaloo
Saccharification Of Starchy Grain Mashes For Ethonal Fermentation Use Of Mold-Amylase Preparations, L. A. Underkofler, Kenneth J. Goering, G. Warren Buckaloo
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Ethyl alcohol has been listed by scientists as one of the six most useful substances; in fact it has been said that, next to water, ethanol is the most useful chemical compound known to mankind. At the present time approximately 85% of all industrial alcohol is made by fermentation, the balance by synthesis from ethylene derived from the cracking of petroleum. Of the fermentation alcohol about nine-tenths is produced from blackstrap molasses, one-tenth from grains. However, by-product molasses is limited in amount and there is at the present time virtually no surplus. This is shown by the statistics of molasses …
Fermentation Utilization Of Cassava. The Butyl-Acetonic Fermentation, Julian Banzon, Ellis I. Fulmer, L. A. Underkofler
Fermentation Utilization Of Cassava. The Butyl-Acetonic Fermentation, Julian Banzon, Ellis I. Fulmer, L. A. Underkofler
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The cassava plant belongs to the family Euphorbiaccaee and is botanically known as Manihot utilissima Pohl. It is also called tapioca or manioc although the word tapioca is often used to designate certain forms of cassava products. The cassava is a plant possessing quite unusual characteristics. It has no known pests nor enemies. It grows in most soils, resists extreme droughts, and propagates easily although its growth is restricted to tropical regions. The plant itself is a perennial shrub which attains a height of six to twelve feet at the age of one year. At the base of its stem …
Four Hundred Drunken Drivers, T. U. Marron
Four Hundred Drunken Drivers, T. U. Marron
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
During the past several years in this state it has not been compulsory for persons under arrest to submit to chemical tests to determine the concentration of alcohol in their body fluids. Generally, however, law enforcement officers have asked arrested motorists who showed signs of intoxication to submit to a blood or urine test. Charges of driving while intoxicated have usually been filed if the alcohol concentration of the blood was 150 mg. per 100 cc. or over. A sufficient number of persons have been tested under this routine to give a cross section of the drivers on the highways …
Condensation Of Vanillin And Substitution Products With Hippuric Acid (Abstract), C. H. Buurman, L. Chas. Raiford
Condensation Of Vanillin And Substitution Products With Hippuric Acid (Abstract), C. H. Buurman, L. Chas. Raiford
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Condensation of vanillin with hippuric acid in presence of acetic anhydride gives a-benzoylamino-3-methoxy-4-acetoxycinnamic acid which, under the conditions of the experiment, loses the elements of water to give the related azlactone. This view of the reaction is supported by the fact that when esters of hippuric acid are used in this condensation lactones are not obtained. The ring may be opened by warming the lactone with 3 N caustic alkali solution. More drastic treatment causes further hydrolysis with the loss of benzoic acid and ammonia, and gives the related pyruvic acid. Similar results were obtained by starting with aceturic instead …