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The Critical Period For Floral Initiation In Tulipa (Abstract), John E. Sass
The Critical Period For Floral Initiation In Tulipa (Abstract), John E. Sass
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
During June and most of July, the apical meristem in the tulip bulb lays down the primordia of foliage leaves. Toward the end of July, or early in August, perianth primordia are initiated, followed rapidly by stamen and pistil primordia. The late Darwins lag behind the early classes in the initiation of floral organs. In view of slight variations of stage of development in each variety tested, and in view of possible effect of seasonal conditions, August first is suggested as an approximate critical date for floral initiation.
Unsymmetrical Organoantimony Compounds (Abstract), L. A. Woods, Henry Gilman
Unsymmetrical Organoantimony Compounds (Abstract), L. A. Woods, Henry Gilman
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A series of unsymmetrical organoantimony compounds has been prepared by the following reactions, the first being in ether and the second in liquid ammonia. The unsymmetrical organoantimony compounds are being examined in connection with studies on resolution, physiological action, and rates of clean1ge. One of the cleavage reactions is effected by means of organolithium compounds, the nature and extent of cleavage being established by the carboxylic acids isolated subsequent to carbonation. The result of such cleavage reactions are compared with other findings from this laboratory, particularly with organometallic compounds of tin, lead and bismuth. One of the new procedures used …
Some Observations On The Dropping Mercury Electrode, Wm. C. Oelke, M. Shields
Some Observations On The Dropping Mercury Electrode, Wm. C. Oelke, M. Shields
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In the course of an investigation of the oxidation reduction potentials of some organic systems, it was found impossible to obtain concordant measurements by the ordinary methods. Accordingly, we turned to the polarographic method first developed by Prof. J. Heyrovsky of the University of Prague and recently gaining favor in this country. The polarographic method consists of applying, by means of a dropping mercury electrode, a steadily increasing electromotive force to a solution of some substance which can be reduced. Current and voltage are measured and recorded graphically. There is little current increase with respect to voltage until a point …
Recent Research On Predicting College Success, E. E. Emme, Mary Patterson
Recent Research On Predicting College Success, E. E. Emme, Mary Patterson
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The prediction of college success has been studied from a number of different angles. The rank in high school graduating class is generally considered to have the highest single predictive value. Intelligence was considered important when combined with other factors. Tests of various kinds have been used extensively. The general situation is suggested by Adams (1). He says that the relative quality of achievement during the freshman year in college is best predicted from relative high school achievement, than from the college freshman aptitude test standing, and the I. Q. in the later elementary grades. Thus various factors have been …
Etched Boulder At Ames, Iowa (Abstract), C. S. Gwynne
Etched Boulder At Ames, Iowa (Abstract), C. S. Gwynne
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A large rounded granitic glacial erratic from the Iowa State College campus has several granitic dikes up to a few inches in width crisscrossing it. They project from the surface of the dike as much as three inches and have smooth surfaces. The surface of the granite country rock is pitted but quite sound. It is believed probably that the boulder has been etched by wind action.
Simultaneity And Originality In Human Thought - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Geo. Glockler
Simultaneity And Originality In Human Thought - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Geo. Glockler
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
All of us have observed in our scientific work that many discoveries have been made by different investigators at widely scattered places, but at the same time. Some of these instances are so striking that it becomes of interest to consider the matter and make an attempt to explain the condition in the hope that we may understand the phenomenon. The particular cases chosen for illustration are all from the fields of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Furthermore, they are scattered examples which have happened to come to our attention over a number of years. The same observation can undoubtedly be …
The Genus Lysimachia In Iowa (Abstract), Geo. J. Goodman, P. J. Leyendecker
The Genus Lysimachia In Iowa (Abstract), Geo. J. Goodman, P. J. Leyendecker
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A taxonomic treatment, in which the genus Steironema, consisting of three species in Iowa, is united with the genus Lysimachia in accordance with the opinion of recent students of these members of the primrose family. Of the total of six species, three require changing of the specific epithet.
Activity Of The Carbonyl Group Of 4, 7-Dimethyl Indanone - 1, Robert Cocroft
Activity Of The Carbonyl Group Of 4, 7-Dimethyl Indanone - 1, Robert Cocroft
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The general rule may be drawn that ketones in which the carbonyl group is directly attached to the ring will not react with the usual reagents (hydroxylamine, phenyl-hydrazine, etc.) if the two ortho positions of the ring are occupied by methyl groups. Nothing, however, was known about this effect in the indanones substituted in the 7 position. In these ketones free rotation about the bond between the carbonyl group and the ring is prevented and the increased opportunity for resonance might influence the steric effect. The ketone 4, 7-dimcthyl indanone-1, in which one ortho position is occupied by a methyl …
Spread Of Effect Or Reward And Punishment In A Multiple Choice Situation, Isadore Farber
Spread Of Effect Or Reward And Punishment In A Multiple Choice Situation, Isadore Farber
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
It is generally agreed among psychologists that an "empirical" law of effect operates in learning. It is well known that such consequences as the obtaining of food or shock determine to a large extent the final product of the selective and eliminative processes that obtain in the learning situation (2). Just how these consequences strengthen or weaken responses has been the subject of much research and even more verbal polemics. But all competent observers in the field will agree on the empirical fact: the consequences of connections between psychological events which satisfy the prevailing motivating condition strengthen directly the connections …
Water And Salt Balance In The Growth Of Annual Plants (Abstract), Walter F. Loehwing
Water And Salt Balance In The Growth Of Annual Plants (Abstract), Walter F. Loehwing
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The report deals with the far-reaching and critical shifts in water and salt content which occur during the flowering phase of development in such annuals as hemp, beans, corn and wheat. This phase is marked by a sudden increase in transpirational water loss and the coincident diminution in the rate of water and salt absorption by the roots. Though the progressive tissue dehydration results in the increase of the osmotic solutes in the cell sap, the resultant rise in osmotic pressure does not serve to prevent continued water loss. This stage is also marked by appreciable hydrolysis of the insoluble …
A Method Of Mounting Diglycol Stearate Sections Upon Slides (Abstract), Karl A. Stiles, Kenneth Heck
A Method Of Mounting Diglycol Stearate Sections Upon Slides (Abstract), Karl A. Stiles, Kenneth Heck
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In the technique reported by Stiles and Eastwood (Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc. 1940) difficulty was encountered in floating Diglycol Stearate sections upon glass slides. The usual water albumen method of affixing ribbons upon slides could not be used satisfactorily for two reasons: first, because Diglycol is soluble in water, thus causing the ribbon to disintegrate before the tissue is permanently affixed to the slide and secondly because the surface tension of water causes a spreading effect of the ribbon. The difficulties of affixing the tissue to the slide when it is Diglycol embedded constituted a serious weakness in this technique. …
The Thickness Of A Rigid Water Layer On Quartz From Measurements Of Newton's Rings (Abstracts), W. G. Eversole, Paul H. Lahr
The Thickness Of A Rigid Water Layer On Quartz From Measurements Of Newton's Rings (Abstracts), W. G. Eversole, Paul H. Lahr
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Newton's rings produced by a quartz plate and lens in a slit source of light were observed in a low power traveling microscope. The square of the radius of the rings ( r) plotted against the order of the ring ( n) from the center yields a straight line whose intercept on the axis where n = 0 is shown to be a function of the vertical separation of the lens and plate but not a function of the index of refraction of the medium between them nor the angle of incidence of the light. The ring radii were measured …
A Progress Report On A Method For Histological Preparations Eliminating Fat Solvents (Abstract), Karl A. Stiles, Jean Peterson
A Progress Report On A Method For Histological Preparations Eliminating Fat Solvents (Abstract), Karl A. Stiles, Jean Peterson
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Of all the water-soluble waxes, Diglycol Stearate seems to be the most promising as an embedding medium for the purposes of this investigation; therefore experimentation on its usefulness has been extensive. It is a soap-like, white solid, having a waxy consistency suitable for sectioning with a rotary microtome. Diglycol Stearate as an embedding medium has several advantages over the usual paraffin technique. One of great possible importance is that preliminary dehydration and clearing of tissue can be eliminated, which may make possible the preservation of the phospholipoids of the cell membrane. The tissue may be removed in alcoholic dehydration from …
Title Page - Front Matter
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Officers, Committees, Past Presidents, And Members, Iowa Academy Of Science
Officers, Committees, Past Presidents, And Members, Iowa Academy Of Science
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Recent Advances In Human Genetics - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Karl A. Stiles
Recent Advances In Human Genetics - Paper Presented At The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Karl A. Stiles
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Advances in human genetics are taking place on several fronts; and despite the diversity of attacks on the problems involved, the author of this paper will limit himself to a few areas in which he and his students have either done some research or have a special interest. Every year some advances are being made in our knowledge of the inheritance of physical traits and an attempt will be made to briefly indicate some of the achievements and problems encountered in this field of study. The writer has been making a number of studies of the inheritance of physical traits.
Tensiometers For Following Soil Moisture Conditions In The Field (Abstract), Roy A. Bair
Tensiometers For Following Soil Moisture Conditions In The Field (Abstract), Roy A. Bair
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Fifty instruments were installed at various soil depths and distances from field grown maize plants in order to follow daily moisture changes without disturbing the growing plants. Tensiometer readings were used to study the rate of root penetration, comparative moisture use at different depths, rate of rainfall infiltration in the soil, and to calculate the depth of the water table. The zone of active water absorption progressed downward as much as two inches a day. Within the root zone the rate of moisture absorption was highest near the stalk. Soil moisture classed as equally available by mechanical methods is, in …
A Micro Method For The Determination Of Ethyl Alcohol In Blood, V. B. Fish, V. E. Nelson
A Micro Method For The Determination Of Ethyl Alcohol In Blood, V. B. Fish, V. E. Nelson
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In connection with some work on the physiological effects of ethyl alcohol on rats being done in this laboratory, it was essential to have a rapid and accurate method for the determination of ethyl alcohol in small samples of blood
Azoyl Derivatives Of Sugars And Separation By Chromatographic Adsorption (Abstract), George H. Coleman, Alford G. Farnham
Azoyl Derivatives Of Sugars And Separation By Chromatographic Adsorption (Abstract), George H. Coleman, Alford G. Farnham
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Azobenzene-p-benzoyl derivatives of cl-cl-glucose and B-d-glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose, gentiobiose and cellobiose have been prepared. They have been analized for per cent of azoyl and their specific rotations in chloroform determined. The chromatographic separation of d-d-glucose and fructose azoates as described by Reich has been repeated using silicic acid as an adsorbent. Using a mixture of "magnesol" and "dicalite" as an adsorbent the following separations have also been made: lactose and galactose, sucrose and d-d-glucose, trehalose and B-d-glucose.
Permain Nautiloids For Western And Southwestern United States (Abstract), A. G. Unklesbay
Permain Nautiloids For Western And Southwestern United States (Abstract), A. G. Unklesbay
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Representatives of several genera of nautiloids are described from the Permian of western and southwestern United States. Among these are the first cephalopods to be reported from the Minnekahta of the Black Hills and, with the exception of one species, the first to be described from the Kaibab and the Chupadera of Arizona and New Mexico.
A Comparative Study Of The Hardening Effects Of Various Fixatives, Dehydrating, Clearing, And Embedding Agents, Karl A. Stiles, Thomas N. Stewart
A Comparative Study Of The Hardening Effects Of Various Fixatives, Dehydrating, Clearing, And Embedding Agents, Karl A. Stiles, Thomas N. Stewart
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
One of the problems commonly encountered in the preparation of tissue for histological studies is the tendency for it to become excessively hardened before sectioning with a rotary microtome. The purpose of the investigation was to discover by as objective a means as possible not only the hardening effects of various agents on tissues, but also the influence of the time element. The approach to this problem has been to test the hardness of the tissue with a standard penetration needle after each step in the various techniques used.
The Embryology Of The English Sparrow (Abstract), Warren N. Keck
The Embryology Of The English Sparrow (Abstract), Warren N. Keck
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The purpose of this investigation is three-fold: (1) to outline the general embryogeny of the English Sparrow, (2) to determine the relative rates of differentiation of the various external features and (3) to compare the developmental rates of the sparrow with those of the chick and turkey. Two questions arise from the fact that the incubation period of the sparrow is 13 days, while that of the chick is 21 and the turkey 28 days: (1) Is it possible to establish corresponding stages in the three embryos, or do the different organs develop at different times? (2) Are the three …
The Influence Of Sodium Fluoride Upon The Composition Of Tibiae Of Rats Partially Recovering From Rickets, C. A. Kempf, V. E. Nelson
The Influence Of Sodium Fluoride Upon The Composition Of Tibiae Of Rats Partially Recovering From Rickets, C. A. Kempf, V. E. Nelson
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
McClure (1) has recently called attention to the need for additional information dealing with the localization of fluorine in teeth and bones and with associative factors invoked in its absorption and metabolism. The work of Roholm (2) and Shortt (3) with the human being appeared to support this viewpoint strongly. Roholm (2) found that fluoride may cause either osteomalacia or osteosclerosis and that storage of fluorine in the bodies of female workers in the cryolite industry in Denmark was sometimes sufficiently great that, even after they left the factory, enough fluorine to cause tooth damage was secreted in their milk. …
Study Of The Three Component System Diethyl Ether-Water-Magnesium Bromide At 25 C. (Abstract), H. H. Rowley, M. H. Bartz
Study Of The Three Component System Diethyl Ether-Water-Magnesium Bromide At 25 C. (Abstract), H. H. Rowley, M. H. Bartz
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Varying amounts of the three components were brought together in a tube and allowed to come to equilibrium at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure. The composition of each of the condensed phases, solid and liquid, was determined by analysis and a triangular three component diagram of the phases in equilibrium was made. From the areas, lines and points of the phase diagram, the following information was obtained. Two independent pairs of partly miscible liquids were found: one consisting of a water and an ether layer with a small amount of magnesium bromide dissolved in the ether layer, the other …
The Prediction Of Vocational Success, Dewey B. Stuit
The Prediction Of Vocational Success, Dewey B. Stuit
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
One of the most important problems of youth is the choice oi an occupation in which success can be achieved. No single factor is likely to influence an individual's happiness more than his occupation. So far-reaching are the effects of occupational choice that hardly any phase of a person's life escapes its influence. Personal and family happiness are in large part dependent upon the degree to which an individual enjoys his work. If he is capable of doing the work required in his occupation and is interested in it, he is almost certain to be a well-adjusted individual and an …
A Case Of Unusual Inheritance In Mulattoes, Fae M. Shawhan
A Case Of Unusual Inheritance In Mulattoes, Fae M. Shawhan
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In October of 1939 I was asked to come to Broadlawn General Hospital in Des Moines to see a child, Pedro, that had recently been born of Mulatto parents. A former student of mine, Dr. Kirby Shiffler, who at that time was a resident interne at the hospital, had become interested in the child because of the unusual number of recessive traits which were obviously present in his phenotypic makeup. With the aid of several of the hospital staff and many different relatives of the child as well as his parents, the information in the accompanying chart was obtained.
The Earliest Known Epiphytotic Of Rust In Iowa (Abstract), Marie A. Corkle, I. E. Melhus
The Earliest Known Epiphytotic Of Rust In Iowa (Abstract), Marie A. Corkle, I. E. Melhus
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A rust epiphytotic in 1858 apparently has been overlooked in the study of disease prevalence in Iowa. Early Iowa agricultural records and newspapers contain numerous reports of the calamitous wheat and oat failures caused by rust in 1858; yet this rust year has not been reported in any scientific publication from Iowa. Wheat yielded an average of 4.2 bushels per acre, oats 5.4 bushels, while the yields for 1855 were 14.09 and 32.09 bushels per acre, respectively. County agricultural societies reported either total wheat crop failures or very poor yields, with the exception of Van Buren and Woodbury Counties, which …
Reports: Executive Committee; Secretary; Treasurer; Staff Reports; Committee Reports
Reports: Executive Committee; Secretary; Treasurer; Staff Reports; Committee Reports
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
The Prolific General Jack Rose, Clark D. Paris, T. J. Maney
The Prolific General Jack Rose, Clark D. Paris, T. J. Maney
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The year 1853 stands as a milestone in the progress of rose development, for in that year Roussel of France introduced General Jacqueminot to the world. Although it was introduced over 88 years ago, it is still one of the most popular roses of its class. The ordinary course of any one variety is generally far less than this. The Hybrid Perpetual group of roses, to which General Jack belongs, dates from the turn of the nineteenth century. Two of the most important progenitors of the group were introduced about 1830. The year 1837 is usually given as the year …
The Friedel-Crafts Reaction With Long-Chained Alkyl Bromides (Abstract), R. N. Meals, Henry Gilman
The Friedel-Crafts Reaction With Long-Chained Alkyl Bromides (Abstract), R. N. Meals, Henry Gilman
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
It has been reported that 1-bromooctadecane reacts with benzene 1md aluminum chloride to give a 50 per cent yield of 1-phenyloctadecane. [Gilman and Turck, J. A. Chem. Soc., 61, 478 (1939) J. We have found that 1-bromohexadeeane, 1-bromotetradecane and 1-bromododecane behave similarly. The case of 1-bromododecane was studied in more detail. Evidence was found that, in addition to 1-phenyldodecane, isomeric dodecylbenzenes were formed. Incidental to this work the six isomeric 2-naphthalene-sulfono-pn-dodecylanilides (B-C10H7.SO2.NH.C6H4.C12H25) were prepared for use in a study of the validity of the mixed melting …