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An Upper Silurian Vertebrate Horizon, George M. Robertson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The earliest fossil fragments which have been positively identified as vertebrate come from the Upper Ordovician. They are fragments, the best known of which come from the Harding sandstone near Canon City, Colorado. Though fragmentary, study of the histological structure of the plates indicates that they were bony, therefore vertebrate, and that the bone structure agrees with that in the shields of the Heterostraci, one of the orders of Ostracoderms. (1) These are intriguing fragments, hints of the presence of vertebrates but inadequate to give us any idea of the body form or of any details of structure. · Following …

Diamond Conduction Counters, Robert K. Willardson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The intensity of radiation of high energy particles or photons is usually measured by allowing these radiations to ionize the gas molecules in a gas-filled chamber (3). The ions are collected on electrodes and the ion current indicates the intensity of the radiation. Single fast particles give a sharp pulse of ion current. Attempts have been made to use solid bodies in place of the gas-filled chamber (7, 12, 14). The radiation ionizes the solid in a manner similar to that for the gas. Because of its high energy a single particle creates in the crystal a large number of …

Motor Responses As A Function Of Type Of Conflict, Burton G. Andreas

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In his introduction to a discussion of experimental studies of conflict, Neal E. Miller (2) states that "conflict is produced by competition between incompatible responses." He goes on to say, however, that such response phenomena as hesitation, vacillation, or complete blocking are not found in all situations where there are competing response tendencies. The extent to which they appear is a function of the type of conflict situation. Using human subjects in a series of experiments on motor conflict, Hovland and Sears (1) confirmed this prediction from theory. These investigators studied the effects of two types of conflict - double-approach …

Some Recent Changes In Rural Living Which Have Psychological Implications, William H. Dreier

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Eric Johnston, president of the Motion Picture Association of America told the American Farm Bureau Federation in Chicago last December, "A few years ago our Department of Agriculture entitled its yearbook, 'Farmers in a Changing World.' That was a good title, but I think a better one would have been 'A World of Changing Farmers.'" As teachers and instructors of students from rural communities we are part of this world of changing farmers here in the United States. Since the time and example of the Master Teacher, Jesus Christ, the best teachers have known about the environment in which they …

Factorial Study Of Speed Of Response In Simple Cancellation Tasks, Dale W. Dysinger

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Several factor analyses have been conducted with the objective of isolating the aspects of the stimulus situation affecting performance on simple tasks presented under the set for speed as well as accuracy. The factors in this area of performance have not proved to be as stable as have some in the areas of verbal, spatial, and numerical skills. In a recent factor analysis, [1], several new hypotheses were presented to account for the apparent instability of the perceptual-speed domain. One of these hypotheses was that three or more linearly independent factors must be postulated to account for the variance of …

An Empirical Study Of Scoring Methods For The Conover Driving Attitude Inventory, T. E. Hannum, Gerald C. Helmstadter, A. R. Lauer, David H. Soule

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The measurement of driving attitudes has followed in the wake of various studies and statistical data indicating that improper attitudes are responsible for an unduly high percentage of accidents. Certain of these tests have limitations, one of which is an economical method of scoring. Conover (Conover, 1947) used a scoring method such that the values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, are assigned respectively to the responses designated as; most displeasing, displeasing, indifferent, pleasing, and most pleasing, for the positive items, and to avoid negative scores the values 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, are assigned respectively to the same responses; most …

A Method For Measurement Of Perceptual Time On The Highway, Donald A. Hoppe

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A major handicap for studies of perceptual time on the highway has been the lack of an adequate means of simultaneously starting a chronoscope and exposing a highway situation to a subject. The problem is better appreciated when it is realized that on the one hand the subject's vision must be restricted from the situation to be exposed. On the other hand he must be permitted to view the road for a certain distance ahead of the car. The latter is necessary to allow for adjustment of the eyes to the existing level of illumination and for adaptation of the …

A Forced-Choice Rating Scale For College Instructors, A. R. Rustebakke, George D. Lovell, Charles F. Haner

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The purpose of this study was to construct a forced-choice rating scale for evaluating students' opinions of college instructors. The scale constructed consists of 20 tetrads, or groups of 4 statements descriptive of instructors. These statements were chosen so that a pair of favorable items, both appearing to be equally favorable, and a pair of unfavorable items, both appearing to be equally unfavorable, make up each tetrad. From each tetrad the rater must choose the item most characteristic and the item least characteristic of the ratee. The reason for choosing items in this manner can be seen in Sisson's statement …

"Single-Trial-Per-Task" Versus "Multiple-Trials-Per-Task" In The Acquisition Of Skill In Performing Several Similar Tasks, Dorothy E. Mcallister

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The present experiment was an attempt to discover the relative merits of two different practice procedures in developing skill in the performance of psychomotor tasks. Specifically, the aim was to determine whether one trial per day on each of eight different but similar tasks for eight consecutive days would result in better performance on a. test task than would eight trials per day for eight consecutive days each involving a different but similar task.

An Apparatus To Mleasure Reaction Time Under Mobile Conditions By Radio Control, Reginald N. Kjerland, A. R. Lauer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Certain types of studies of driving performance require mobile equipment for use in making objective measurements of behavior under actual traffic conditions. Due to the inherent dangers of stationary apparatus being used on the highway it becomes important that satisfactory portable and mobile equipment be used to facilitate objective measurements of drivers in traffic, highway and driving research.

Effect Of Shock On Performance In A Paired-Associate Learning Task, Eli Saltz

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Hullian psychology conceptualizes the effects of noxious stimulation as drive producing and the effects of removal of such stimulation as a rewarding state of affairs (3). These effects have been repeatedly demonstrated in situations where they have facilitated learning (2, 4). It is obvious, however, that increased drive need not necessarily aid learning, and it may at times hinder it. The present study is concerned with the consequences for learning when electric shock is introduced at the same time as the stimulus word and is removed when the response word is spoken in paired-associate learning. The study is particularly interested …

Mortality In Relation To Age In Young White Pekin Ducks With Blood-Induced Plasmodium Lophurae Infection, E. R. Becker

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The extreme susceptibility of ducks to Plasinodium lophurae was first reported by Wolfson (1940) who noted both the high parasitemia and mortality that followed blood-inoculation of these birds. The course of the infection in ducklings has been studied by a number of workers, among them Hewitt, Richardson and Seager (1942), Rigdon and Varnadoe (1945), and Becker, Brodine and Clappison (1949), all of whom support Wolfson's findings. Marshall, Litchfield and White (1942) state that over a 4-month period they lost 95.1 % of a total of 205 infected control ducks, the average survival time being 9.3 ± 4 days. Hewitt et …

Some Effects Of Temperature On The Rates Of Embryonic, Postembryonic And Adult Growth In Hyalella Azteca, Eugene Cleveland Bovee

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Although it is generally accepted that temperature is one of the more important factors determining the rate of biological processes for invertebrates, much remains to be investigated concerning its effect on growth and development. Amongst the Crustacea are numerous animals for which such an investigation is practicable. One such organism, readily available in almost any freshwater pond and quite easily raised in the laboratory, is the amphipod Hyalella azteca.

Observations Of Predators Of European Corn Borer Eggs, Richard C. Froeschner

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

It is generally agreed that the proportion of European corn borer eggs which hatch and reach the adult stage is very small. The mortality often reaches 80 to 95 percent, which means that somewhere during the life cycle there are high losses. Relatively little specific information on the causes of this mortality occurs in literature. Field work during the 1949 season presented an opportunity to obtain notes on the fate of individual corn borer egg masses. Since it was not always possible to tell whether a given egg mass had been hatched or eaten, it is possible that many more …

Further Studies Of The Modified Denil Fishway In The Des Moines River, Harry M. Harrison, Everett B. Speaker

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Iowa law (1950) prescribes no permanent dam or obstruction shall be erected or maintained which is not provided with a fishway, except by written approval of the State Conservation director. This law has been in effect for many years. The purpose of this act of the legislature was to provide free passage of fishes in the inland rivers of the State. It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the need for fishways, but rather to present some of the data collected in testing the efficiency of a fishway design considered most practical for low-head dams for this …

Recent Nesting Of The American Egret In Iowa, James Hodges

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A recent paper by the author (Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science; 54:317-323) brought up to date recent observations of the American Egret (Casmerodius albus egretta) in Iowa which was followed by an excellent paper in IOWA BIRD LIFE by Charles A. Stewart which covered past records as well as the historical aspect. However, I wish to add a few more words to the subject concerning this bird in Iowa due to the recent discovery of a new nesting colony.

Anomaly Of The Cat, Robert H. Lablanc

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the Mammalian Anatomy course at Drake University, an apparent muscle anomaly was observed in the leg of the cat. In some 3500 cats dissected at Drake in the last 10 years, this has been the only such muscle found. A survey of Biological abstracts revealed no mention of such an anomaly.

A Wasp With Three Pairs Of Wings (Hymenoptera; Lchneumonidae), Jean L. Laffoon

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

An abnormal male specimen of Cratichneumon unifasciatorius (Say) was collected on June 25, 1949, at Ames, Iowa, by Miss Shirley Sparling, a student in beginning entomology. Because of the nature of the abnormality it appears worthy of a note. This specimen possesses three pairs of wings, one pair on each of the thoracic segments (see fig. 1). Unfortunately, this condition was not noted until sometime after the insect was mounted, so that observations of the living insect and the opportunity to study the musculature were not available. The specimen is in good condition except for the left prothoracic wing which …

Population Of A Colony Of Formica Rufa Melanotica Emery, Robert L. King, Francis Walters

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The observations recorded here were made during the course of a series of studies on the activities of Formica rufa melanotica Emery. In this species all the workers are deeply infuscated with black: the smallest workers are entirely black; the largest workers are very dark with clear red head; between these two is a series of intermediate forms with dark head. It has already been established that most of the workers engaged in moving a colony to a new nest were red-headed major workers (Sallee and King, 1947), and observations indicated that most of the workers attending aphids were black-headed …

Experiments On The Chemotherapy Of Blackhead In Turkeys, Neal F. Morehouse, Willis C. Mcguire

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Infectious enterohepatitis, or blackhead, is often regarded as the most important disease of turkeys since all ages and breeds are susceptible and mortality is high. The yearly financial losses resulting from blackhead have stimulated increasing interest and experimentation on chemotherapy of this disease. Many compounds have been tested, but at the present time no other group of compounds seems to offer as much promise as the organic arsenicals. Several members of this class of compounds as well as a few non-arsenicals have been found to have a limited effect against the blackhead organism; but none, whether arsenical or non-arsenical, has …

Intranasal Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccination Of Baby Chicks Infected With Ascaridia Galli, O. H. Peterson, K. B. Kerr

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

An acute infectious disease of poultry manifested by both respiratory and nervous symptoms which occurred in the Dutch East Indies was first described by Kraneveld in 1926 (1 & 2). Shortly thereafter, the disease was observed at Newcastle-on-Tyne in England by Doyle (3) who gave it its present name. In California, Beach (4) described a respiratory-nervous disorder of chickens which he named Avian Pneumoencephalitis and which (5) later was shown to be identical with the disease described by Kraneveld and by Doyle. The disease has been reported from almost all sections of the world. In 1945, Newcastle disease was first …

Some Paleoecoloical Speculations Regarding The Earliest Vertebrates, George M. Robertson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Vertebrate paleontology concerns itself mainly with bones. Seldom is there any fossilized remnant of other structures. Vertebrate paleoecology has a task like that of Ezekiel, to "make those dry bones live," to try to reconstruct from the data available the habitat, the mode of life, and the associations of these creatures of the past. Unfortunately we are seldom able to accomplish our task by Ezekiel's method of "prophesying." There is call for a good play of imagination in the task and sometimes it is difficult to draw a line between what we like to call "scientific imagination" and the garden …

The Value Of Data From Four Iowa Quail Seasons, M. E. Stempel

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the Iowa Conservation Laws, Section 109.39 titled "Biological Balance Maintained" is this sentence: "The seasons, bag limits, possession limits, and territorial limitations set forth herein shall prevail for each and every species of wildlife to which they pertain as long as the biological balance for each species or kind remain such as to assure the maintenance of an adequate supply of such species." Outstanding among sports activities in southern Iowa is quail hunting. In order to maintain this sport at the highest possible level it is necessary to make regulations. As a sound basis for regulating, the commission must …

A Preliminary List Of The Rhagionidae (Diptera) Known To Occur In Iowa, Keith L. Rhodebeck, D. D. Millspaugh

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The members of the family Rhagionidae, commonly called snipe flies, are predaceous in larval and adult stages. The adults of a few blood sucking species have been known to attack man. The larvae are found in a great variety of situations, the terrestrial forms found under bark of trees, in dung, fungi, soil, moss, and wood. The larvae of the genus Atherix, found in the Far West, differ in this respect by being aquatic in nature. The adults of this family are found in long grass, on trees, logs, and in general in moist areas of heavy foliage.

Home Range Of The Southern Woodchuck, Richard F. Trump

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In this study of the home range of the woodchuck, Marmota monax monax (L), the mammals were live-trapped and marked with metal ear tags. Data from 65 catches of 47 specimens in Van Buren County, 1940-1941, from the writer's Master of Science thesis (Iowa State College, 1943), along with data from 58 catches of 24 specimens in Story County, 1946-1949, are incorporated in this report.

A Preliminary List Of The Buprestidae (Coleoptera) Known To Occur In Iowa, Edwin S. Kajihiro, D. D. Millspaugh

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The family Buprestidae is moderately oblong, varying in shape and size. The larger ones are usually oblong and somewhat flat, while many of the smaller species are either elongated, short and ovate. Their bodies are hard and inflexible, with usually a bronzed or metallic surface. Their antennae are serrated, jointed and short. The antennae of eleven segments are short and finely saw-toothed. Their thorax and abdomen are firmly united. This is a medium sized family of small medium to large-sized beetles. Most of the species are usually found upon flowers or upon the trunks and limbs of trees, basking in …

A Prelilninary List Of The Calliphorinae (Diptera) Known To Occur In Iowa, Carl M. Yoshimoto, D. D. Millspaugh

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The typical bluebottle and greenbottle flies are one of the five subfamilies under the family Calliphoridae. They are generally known as the blowflies. The subfamilies are classified chiefly on the bases of the bristles on their thorax. Other characteristics are provided for substantial clarification.

The Effect Of Thiouracil On The Golgi Apparatus Of The Thyroid Gland In The White Rat, Ralph H. Shepherd

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Thiouracil, a heterocyclic derivative of thiourea related to pyrimidine, has been found to have certain goitrogenic effects as well as various other bodily effects on laboratory animals treated with the substance. The goitrogenic effects are inhibition of active thyroid hormone formation and a stimulation of gland growth. Inhibition of hormone formation is believed to be due to the combination of thiouracil with iodine (Miller, Roblin, and Astwood, 1945), and, as has been suggested, the drug may act as an antivitamin or antibiotic, since its toxic reactions are similar to those of sulfanilamide, another antivitamin (Laufer and Stewart, 1947). Stimulation of …

The Alumnus, V33n4, October 1949, Iowa State Teachers College

The Alumnus

Inside This Issue:
-- Alumni Officers
-- The Campus Today
-- Fall and Winter Activities
-- Bureau of Publications...Changes Name and Function
-- Announce 83 New Appointments
-- State Fair Exhibit Tells...."What Makes a Good Teacher?"
-- Fuller Assumes Emeritus Status
-- Panther Sports Parade
-- Keeping Up with Alumni
-- Marriages
-- Dateline: Maracaibo, Venezuela
-- Births
-- Deaths
-- Summer Graduates Get Awards
-- Nearly 1,000 Alumni Give to Chapel Fund

Panther Dope Book For Press And Radio Fall 1949, Iowa State Teachers College

Athletics Media Guides

Contents:

--1949 Football Schedules & 1948 Results --1-3
--Won & Lost Records for 1948 Season --3
--North Central Championship Schedule --4
--North Central Conference Standings - 1948 --5
--Leading Conference Scorers - 1948 --5
--Starbeck's Eleven-Year Record at ISTC --5
--Review of 1948 Football Season --6
--Iowa State Teachers College Scorers - 1948 --6
--Summary of 1948-49 Sports Record at ISTC --6
--1949 Football Roster --7-9
--What Last Year's Stars are Doing --9
--Returning Lettermen --10
--Returning Reserves --11
--Outstanding Newcomers --11-12
--1948 All-Conference Teams --12
--Football Coaching Staff --13
--Stadium, Ticket, & General Information --14
--Names & Titles --15 …