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Correlational Analyses Of Test-Retest Data With A Thirty-Year Intertrial Interval, Harold P. Bechtoldt, Richard I. Moren

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In recent years there has been a marked increase in the application of the methods of factor analysis to data associated with studies of learning phenomena or of practice effects. The problems are usually posed as investigations of changes in factorial composition as a function of practice with the variables of the correlation matrix including two or more trials on one or more tasks, or two or more parallel forms of some test. The first purpose of this paper is to present an application of a recently developed procedure for analyzing such correlational data. (2) In contrast to the analyses …

A Criterion Scale For Classification Of Automobile Drivers, A. R. Lauer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The problem of developing a satisfactory criterion scale for evaluating driving performance has been bothering experimenters in this field for many years. It has been found that accidents used as a criterion are quite unreliable, especially among lay drivers. This is partly due to variance traceable to exposure factors. Sometimes a spurious reliability may be obtained by correlating periods of time in which there is no control made of the risk factor. Studies made in Sweden (1) and elsewhere have shown that a serious error is introduced when correlating segments of driving record due to the spuriosity introduced by exposure …

Further Study On The Comparison Of The Ream Motility Test With The Rotary Activity Test, Gerald G. Meier

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the degree of relationship, if any, between two different methods of measuring motility. Seashore (4) and others have used motility as a means of measuring skill such in musical performance. Ream's technique (3) for measuring motility has been criticized on the grounds that it is possible for a subject to tense his muscles and thus obtain a spuriously high score from involuntary tremor under certain conditions. Similarly some subjects tend to tense themselves and thus to introduce hindrances in function which seems to lower their score. It is thought that these …

Mental Health Research In A Veterans Administration General Hospital, Edwin Cohen

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Opportunities for mental health research in a VA general medical hospital are in themselves not unique. Much of the research is similar in nature to clinical and experimental investigations conducted at other types of institutions. Of course the paucity of one of the sexes and children precludes the possibility of research in such areas as post-partum psychosis and childhood schizophrenia. Since, as you may have heard, we are not yet saturated with knowledge in any of the areas of mental health, this inequity of VA hospital populations has not been an obstacle of any appreciable proportion. On the other hand, …

A Statement Of The Problem, Leonard D. Goodstein

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

While discussions of the magnitude of the mental health problem here in Iowa and throughout the United States are commonplace, the facts and figures concerning this problem are nevertheless still quite overwhelming. For example, the average daily resident population in Iowa publicly supported mental hospitals for 1956 was 5,200 persons, while the national average was 556,000 (1); these figures exclude persons in federally supported hospitals, private hospitals and those receiving only out-patient treatment. The total expenditures for the maintenance of these patient populations (excluding capital improvements) in 1956 was $6,900,000 in Iowa alone; the national total for 1956, again excluding …

Mental Health Research In An Academic Setting, Alfred B. Heilbrun Jr.

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The goals of human research conducted by psychologists in an academic setting might seem at first glance as divergent as the varied interests of the individual researchers. While one concentrates on the relationships between motivational variables and "simple" learning, another investigates the conditions under which complex motor skills are acquired, another studies the effect of stress upon Rorschach performance, and still another attempts to devise some objective measure which can discriminate between individuals characterized by low and high achievement needs. There is, or at' least should be, a goal common to all psychological research, however, that being the establishment of …

Discussion Of "Psychological Research And Mental Health", James T. Freeman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

From my standpoint, the paper by Dr. Otis raises some issues of a rather fundamental nature. The possible relations between infrahuman and human behavior may always be counted on to raise some lively issues-but I sometimes wonder in so doing if the basic point is not frequently missed. Dr. Otis, in the best tradition, seems properly diffident and cautious in extending the findings from one phylogenetic level to another. Some of the parallels comparing the maze behavior of the rat with humans (with the gap of many "psychological light years") may have tended to divert us from an important point …

A Reply To Dr. Freeman, Leon S. Otis

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

First may I say that I do not feel that I have been advocating dualism, nor do I believe that Dr. Freeman believes that I have been advocating dualism. I have, however, been advocating caution and the necessity for more spade work (i.e. parametric studies) both at the animal and human level in order to determine empirically, as I put it in my paper, "what sorts of generalizations the differences and similarities between the behavior of (animals) and men will allow." Until we know what these "differences and similarities" are, I think we would be well advised to hold back …

Development Of Sporocysts Of The Turtle Lung Fluke, Heronimus Chelydrae Maccallum (Trematoda: Heronimidae), Martin J. Ulmer, S. Chris Sommer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Although the turtle lung fluke, H eronimus chelydrae, has been known for more than half a century, its life cycle has remained enigmatic. MacCallum (1902) was the first to describe this trematode, examples of which he recovered from the lungs and bronchi of a snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, collected in Ontario, Canada. Barker and Parsons (1914) in a preliminary report described the same worm under the name Aorchis extensus. Their specimens were from the lungs of a painted turtle, Chrysemys marginata, from lakes in Minnesota and from the Mississippi River at Fairport, Iowa. A fuller description of the parasite by …

Some Factors Influencing The Life Span Of Golden Hamsters, R. E. Grindeland, G. E. Folk Jr., R. L. Farrand

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The golden hamster has found increased use as a laboratory animal over the last two decades. It is of particular interest because it hibernates although its periods of dormancy are short compared to those of other hibernators (1). The complete spectrum of physiological norms should be determined for this common animal just as they were for the laboratory rat. In the list of normal values for the hamster there is little published information on life span (2). This paper will present records of life spans of 126 hamsters kept under controlled laboratory conditions. Approximately 43% of the colony were maintained …

The Mesencephalic Nucleus Of The Trigeminal Nerve In Young Snapping Turtles, Jerry J. Kollros, Yu-Ying Fu

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The mesencephalic root of the trigeminal nerve is a constant feature of all gnathostomes. The cells of origin of these root fibers lie mainly within the midbrain. Peripherally the fibers are distributed to the musculature of the jaws, and they constitute the proprioceptive apparatus of that musculature (Corbin and Harrison, '40). Although the large mesencephalic V nucleus cells have been recognized for about 90 years (Meynert, '67), adequate descriptions of their size, numbers and distribution are still not great. Perhaps the most comprehensive study is that of Weinberg ('28) on fifteen different species in five of the classes of vertebrates. …

Occurrence (1956) Of Haemoproteus Sacharovi And Plasmodium Relictum In A Central Iowa Pigeon Colony, Elery R. Becker, Willard F. Hollander, John N. Farmer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Naturally occurring infections of Plasmodium relictum and H aemoproteus sacharovi in pigeons of Central Iowa have recently been reported (Becker, Hollander and Pattillo, 1956). In that survey, involving pigeons of all ages, both microscopic examination of stained blood films and isodiagnosis were employed, but the examination of blood films stained in Giemsa was the sole procedure relied upon in the 1956 survey. The birds concerned were young, ranging in age from two to eight weeks. All belonged to the Central Iowa colony to which reference was made in the previous paper. A total of 114 blood films was examined, distributed …

Feeding Related To Mussel Activity, Richard V. Bovbjerg

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

During the summer of 1956 investigations were made of the movement of fresh-water mussels in the presence and absence of natural food.¹ Classically a sedentary animal, the mussel nevertheless does move about. Marked animals in Lake Okoboji were seen to move up to several meters per day. Obviously, various environmental stimuli could be acting; relatively little work has been reported for this group of animals, nor indeed has the problem of the local movements of animals in general been critically investigated. The rationale of the investigation reported here was simply to compare distance travelled per mussel per unit time …

The Structure Of Renal Corpuscle In The Sparrow, Passer Domesticus Domesticus, As Revealed By The Electron Microscope, James J. Prestage, H. W. Beams

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Light microscope studies on the structure of the renal corpuscle have been made by numerous investigators. Among these were Bowman (1842), Vimtrup (1928), von Mollendorff (1928), Bargmann (1929), Zimmermann (1929), McGregor (1929), Bensley and Bensley (1930), and many others. A diversity of opinions arose concerning the details of structure of the mammalian renal corpuscle which was to remain, to a certain extent, the legacy of the electron · microscopists. Among the electron microscopists who studied the structure of the mammalian renal corpuscle were Pease and Baker (1950), Dalton (1951), Oberling, Gautier and Bernhard (1951), Hall, Roth and Johnson (1953), Jones …

The Fine Structure Of The Malpighian Tubules Of Dytiscus Sp.: Preliminary Communication, Everett Anderson, H. W. Beams

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

An extensive literature has accumulated dealing with the cytology of Malpighian tubules of insects as revealed by the light microscope, but relatively few papers have dealt with a study of their ultrastructure (Bradfield, 1953; Beams, Tahmisian and Devine, 1955). Shiwago (1915) called attention to the behavior of the mitochondria in the Malpighian tubules of the cockroach. He observed that they apparently migrate from the cell body into the striated border and hence, into the lumen of the tubule. Beams, Tahmisian and Devine (1955) have, in essence, confirmed Shiwago's results and they have been able to reveal, because of the high …

A Comparison Of Transportation Costs Of Public-Owned And Contract School Bus Systems In Iowa School Districts, Ellis H. Francis

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

A problem which faces many school districts in the state of Iowa is the need of transporting students to and from school. As in most other states, the school districts have the choice of two distinct methods of solving this problem. One plan, used by a majority of the school districts in Iowa operating transportation systems, provides for school district ownership, maintenance , operation, and supervision. Another plan, which was selected by approximately 12 per cent of the districts providing transportation in 1954-55, is the contract system. Under this plan the school district enters into a contract with a private …

An Analysis Of Interests Of Selected Sixth Grade Pupils As Determined By The What I Like To Do Inventory And A Study Of The Relationship Of Interests So Determined To Experience, Mary V. Henze

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study is concerned with the expressed interests of sixth grade pupils and with the relationship of experience to those interests. The study has three major objectives. The first objective is to determine the extent and variability of the likes and dislikes of selected sixth grade pupils in the eight different areas of the What I Like to Do inventory. The second objective is to determine the degree to which these stated likes and dislikes and based upon prior experience. The Third objective is to identify those items on the inventory that boys and girls would like to have a …

The Introduction Of Contemporary Dissonance To The String Program At The Secondary Level, Gene Thomas Allen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

It was the purpose of this study (1) to select and arrange contemporary compositions for string ensembles; (2) to use these materials for instructional purposes in introducing contemporary music to the string program.

Importance of the study. It is assumed that there is a need tor contemporary music in the school music program.

A Guide For The Selection Of Kindergarten Equipment Devised As A Result Of A Study Conducted In Three Cities In Iowa, Rose Marie Dolan

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Any person who has had the responsibility of keeping an elamontary school properly equipped with materials for effective teaching is aware of the problem of selecting this equipment objectively, and yet realizing a full return from the money being invested. Determining the amount and kind of equipment needed for an elementary classroom from the numerous sources from which it can be obtained is a timeconsuming job for most supervisors, principals, and teachers. Not only wuld time be saved, but more effective classroom teaching and less waste of school funds might result if a guide could be provided for those who …

A Proposed Citizens Committee Handbook Concerning Methods Of Studying School District Reorganization, Edwin K. Barker

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

A large number of communities in Iowa have been of divided opinion concerning the problem of reorganizing their schools into more efficient administrative units and attendance areas. Many more communities will be faced with the same problem. Bitterness has developed, wrong approaches have been used and incorrect reasons have been put forth to bring about reorganization. As a result, the educational progress of the children of Iowa has been handicapped. There are many reasons why people favor or oppose reorganization other than sound educational ones.

An Investigation Of The Reading Skills Being Taught In Selected Iowa Junior High Schools, Rodrick Bickert

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Teachers in the Junior high and high schools have long been aware of the reading problems that exist at their particular grade level. They are rapidly becoming disturbed by the fact that many of their students are unable to read sufficiently well to make normal and satisfactory progress in school. Realizing that skill in reading is a prerequisite to learning 1n any academic field, they have come to the conclusion that the improvement of learning may, best be achieved through the continued improvement of reading skills in junior high school. Educators also recognize that the improvement of reading is more …

The Value Of Including Chemistry Content In The Study Of High School Biology, Ramon Duane Buckley

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of including some definite chemistry content in high school biology. This evaluation was made by comparing outcomes of instruction in two different groups of a high school biology course. The two groups were equated in terms of the intelligence quotients, the sex, and the previous achievement in biology of the class members. The comparative gains in factual knowledge were measured by means of an evaluation test. The comparative gains in appreciations and interests in biology were measured with a questionnaire.

Some Contributions Of Literature To Elementary School Camp Curriculum, Harold C. Bunz

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

It was the purpose of this study to determine the contributions that literature has made available to educators interested in developing a program of outdoor education for school children. The values inherent in an outdoor education for children will be presented and suggestions for vitalizing the schoolroom program in science will be described.

School-Community Relationships In The Madison School District, Lenore Sorensen Clifford

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In recent years educational leaders have become increasingly aware of the importance of effective school community relationships. James L. Hymes, Jr., a recognized educator, states, "Home-school relations is a new field. Very little research and experimentation are available as direct guides. "1 Administrators, supervisors, and classroom teachers are seeking information and practices which may be applicable to local needs. This study was in the area of establishing desirable school-community relationships in one school district.

Junior High School Typewriting: A Survey Of Current Practices In Iowa And A Suggested Course Of Study, Dewayne C. Cuthbertson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The problem is divided into two major parts. The first part of the problem is to survey the schools in Iowa in which typewriting is presently taught in the junior high grades to determine the following:

1. Objectives of the course

2. Texts or other instructional materials used

3. Content of the course

4. Frequency of the course

5. Length of the course

6. Special problems peculiar to such courses

The second portion of the problem is the construction of a course of study for typewriting at the junior high school level.

An Analysis And Evaluation Of “Heart Of Darkness”, Robert James Dalziel

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Al though a major part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of a particular work of narrative literature, it is obvious that such an analysis presupposes the existence of a general theory of literature. A critic's theory of literature determines, to some extent, the kind of criteria he may use to evaluate a particular work. In addition, the theory of literature held by the critic may have a direct influence upon his system of analysis. For these reasons, Chapter II has been given over to an elucidation of this writer's views about the nature and function …

An Analysis Of The Subject Preferences Of 1,134 Fourth, Fifth, And Sixth Grade Students In The Public Schools Of Benton County, Iowa, Thomas Charles Gibney

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study on subject preferences was devoted to determining subject choices among the fourth, fifth, and sixth grade school children in the public schools of Benton County, Iowa.

A Study In Predicting Success In Algebra, Leslie Milton Graham

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Students of Manson High School at Manson, Iowa, select either algebra or general mathematics, subject to the approval of the principal. Some of the students' achievement records are incomplete, thus handicapping the principal in guiding the students to make their choices. As a result, several students have chosen to try algebra and have failed, and sometimes they have become discouraged and have left high school. It occurred to the writer that, if a predicting device could be established to show the student his chances in mathematics, it possibly could spare the pupil's failing in algebra.

A Study To Determine Why Students Stayed In School, Roy Charles Hanes

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why students in four selected high schools in Black Hawk County, Iowa, stayed in school until graduation.

A Study Of The Relationship Between Twelfth-Grade Performance On The Iowa Tests Of Educational Development And Freshman-In-College Grade Point Index, Thomas William Hansmeier

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Objective measures of individual ability have been established as valuable sources of information in the admission and guidance of students at the Iowa State Teachers College. All entering students have been administered a number of objective tests which constitute a part of the college Placement Test Battery:· the American Council on Education (A.C.E.) Psychological Examination, the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, and the Cooperative English Test.1 The scores on these tests, together with the high school record, are the chief indicators of individual ability upon which the counseling program at I.S.T.C. is based. A good many prospective students whose high school academic …