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Selective Epitaxial Growth Techniques To Integrate High-Quality Germanium On Silicon, Darin Leonhardt Jul 2011

Selective Epitaxial Growth Techniques To Integrate High-Quality Germanium On Silicon, Darin Leonhardt

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

High-quality Ge-on-Si heterostructures have been actively pursued for many advanced applications, including near-infrared photodetectors, high-mobility field effect transistors, and virtual substrates for integrating III-V multijunction solar cells. However, growing epitaxial Ge on Si poses many engineering challenges, ranging from lattice mismatch, to thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, to non-planar morphological evolution. The lattice mismatch between Ge and Si often leads to a high density of threading dislocations. These dislocations, if not reduced, propagate through the subsequently grown GaAs layer, deteriorating its quality. To overcome these engineering challenges, we have developed three different approaches based on molecular beam epitaxy to significantly reduce, …

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Integration Of Composite Nanomaterials Into Anode And Cathode Designs, Claudia Wuillma Narváez Villarrubia Jul 2011

Integration Of Composite Nanomaterials Into Anode And Cathode Designs, Claudia Wuillma Narváez Villarrubia

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

This research introduces the use of bucky' papers based on SWNTs as anode electrode materials for the oxidation of NADH and L-Malate oxidation by poly(methylengreen) and malate dehydrogenase respectively. SWNTs were used to create an electrode design consisting of high surface area-hierarchically ordered carbon nanomaterials with controlled surface chemistry. Additionally, this research introduces new cathodes designs based on buckeye and toray papers for air-breathing and liquid electrolyte modes. Buckeye and 0.11mm-thick toray papers are used to design the air-breathing cathode by immobilization of Laccase using a non-covalent linking agent. The liquid electrolyte cathode, designed to be applied in implantable devices, …

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A Temporal Fuzzy-Art Neural Network Architecture As A Model Of Phoneme Perception, Rex Devon Hjelm Jul 2011

A Temporal Fuzzy-Art Neural Network Architecture As A Model Of Phoneme Perception, Rex Devon Hjelm

Linguistics ETDs

This paper explores the applicability of Adaptive Resistance Theory- (ART-) type neural networks for finding and encoding linguistic structures, specifically those corresponding to acoustic patterns in natural speech. We build an interpretation of human perceptual response to acoustic pattern in natural speech, translating this to a neural architecture as a model of acquisition, storage, and classification of acoustic speech patterns.

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Improving Peer Review With Acorn : Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Reviewer's Network, Mark Flynn Jul 2011

Improving Peer Review With Acorn : Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Reviewer's Network, Mark Flynn

Computer Science ETDs

Peer review, our current system for determining which papers to accept and which to reject by journals and conferences, has limitations that impair the quality of scientific communication. Under the current system, reviewers have only a limited amount of time to devote to evaluating papers and each paper receives an equal amount of attention regardless of how good the paper is. We propose to implement a new system for conference peer review based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms. In our model, each reviewer has a set of ants that goes out and finds articles. The reviewer assesses the paper …

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Adobe Medicus 2011 4 July-August, Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center Jul 2011

Adobe Medicus 2011 4 July-August, Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

adobe medicus

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Tacr1 Genotypes In Craving, Depression, And Alcohol Dependence., Sara Keelan Blaine Jul 2011

The Role Of Tacr1 Genotypes In Craving, Depression, And Alcohol Dependence., Sara Keelan Blaine

Psychology ETDs

Given that stress and major depression are putative causal factors in alcohol consumption, the exploration of the genes and the associated neurobiological mechanisms that influence the relationship between stress, depression, and alcohol dependence (AD) is a first step toward the development of novel medications for AD. The tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) gene is a promising candidate gene, showing an association with stress-related behaviors (Thorsell et al., 2010), major depression (Kramer et al., 2004), and AD treatment outcome (George et al., 2008). The purpose of the current study was to determine if TACR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with (1) …

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An Ongoing Pulmonary Cowpox Virus Infection Suppresses An Immune Response To Ova Peptide Delivered To The Lungs, Cara Lynn Hrusch Jul 2011

An Ongoing Pulmonary Cowpox Virus Infection Suppresses An Immune Response To Ova Peptide Delivered To The Lungs, Cara Lynn Hrusch

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Cowpox virus (CPXV), a close relative of variola virus, the orthopoxvirus that causes smallpox, can suppress the immune system through a large array of immunosuppressive gene products. We developed a murine model in which DO11.10 T cells specific for an OVA peptide were transferred into BALB/c mice to assess the impact of a pulmonary CPXV infection on DO11.10 T cell proliferation in lung draining lymph nodes following intranasal OVA peptide delivery. High and low-dose CPXV infections were compared. Both doses lead to clinical illness including ruffled coat and weight loss, but the high dose is lethal and is characterized by …

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Predicting Body Mass From The Skeleton With An Application To The Georgia Coast, Shamsi R. Daneshvari Jul 2011

Predicting Body Mass From The Skeleton With An Application To The Georgia Coast, Shamsi R. Daneshvari

Anthropology ETDs

Body mass has been studied in multiple subfields within anthropology, including paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, biomechanics, and forensics. Most previous studies that focused on predicting mass from the skeleton utilized population averages, living subjects, and/or small sample sizes. This study sought to create an individualized predictive model of body mass estimation from multiple skeletal elements. The new multiple element model was then compared to three models currently used by anthropologists. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) the multiple element model has a lower predictive error than the other models, 2) upper limb elements will predict mass more accurately and 3) articular dimensions predict …

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The Discourse And Practice Of Native American Cuisine: Native American Chefs And Native American Cooks In Contemporary Southwest Kitchens, Lois Ellen Frank Jul 2011

The Discourse And Practice Of Native American Cuisine: Native American Chefs And Native American Cooks In Contemporary Southwest Kitchens, Lois Ellen Frank

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation analyzes the emergent Native American cuisine of the American Southwest. It consists of an ethnography of both Native American cooks, who are largely self-taught and practice in noncommercial settings, as well as Native American chefs, some self taught and some professionally trained and working in commercial settings. The ethnographic work includes both extensive and intensive field interviews with chefs and cooks, and close attention to their work in home and professional kitchens. Particular attention is paid to histories of food knowledge, as well as to food preparation concepts, techniques, performance, and aesthetics. The foods employed by these cooks …

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Mammalian Diversification Across The Holarctic: Spatiotemporal Evolution In Response To Environmental Change, Andrew G. Hope Jul 2011

Mammalian Diversification Across The Holarctic: Spatiotemporal Evolution In Response To Environmental Change, Andrew G. Hope

Biology ETDs

The primary focus in this dissertation is on the processes of environmental change that drive evolution. We are currently witnessing unparalleled changes in climate and associated changes in biotic communities. With a growing understanding that climate and habitat change, coupled with natural variability, will have an increased influence on biota into the future, it is our responsibility to learn how best to manage and conserve the Earths natural resources. Among other things, this will require a firmer understanding of biodiversity, life histories, evolutionary relationships among species, and community dynamics over multiple species. One method of understanding how species will respond …

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Transcriptional Analysis Of Schistosoma Mansoni Treated With Sub-Lethal Doses Of The Anthelmintic Drug Praziquantel, Jarrett Hines-Kay Jul 2011

Transcriptional Analysis Of Schistosoma Mansoni Treated With Sub-Lethal Doses Of The Anthelmintic Drug Praziquantel, Jarrett Hines-Kay

Biology ETDs

Schistosoma mansoni is one of the most common etiological agents responsible for the disease schistosomiasis. More than 200 million people suffer from this disease making it the most severe tropical disease after malaria in terms of morbidity. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the treatment of choice for schistosomiasis and has been used almost exclusively to treat the disease since the 1970s. However, while the drug is lethal for sexually mature schistosomes, it is ineffective against juveniles. Thus, while morbidity can be eased, a cure is difficult to achieve. As a result there is an urgent need to develop a new generation of …

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Substratum Interfacial Energetic Effects On The Attachment Of Marine Bacteria, Linnea Kathryn Ista Jul 2011

Substratum Interfacial Energetic Effects On The Attachment Of Marine Bacteria, Linnea Kathryn Ista

Biology ETDs

Biofilms represent an ancient, ubiquitous and influential form of life on earth. They are interesting both scientifically and because of their impacts on our environment, health and technology. Biofilm formation is initiated by attachment of bacterial cells from an aqueous suspension onto a suitable attachment substratum. While in certain, well studied cases initial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation is mediated by specific ligand-receptor pairs on the bacteria and attachment substratum, in the open environment, including the ocean, it is assumed to be non-specific and mediated by processes similar to those that drive adsorption of colloids at the water-solid interface. Colloidal …

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Evaluating Mitochondrial Uncoupling Potentials Of A7e And Dnp In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae : Implications For Human Obesity, Roger Vaughan Jul 2011

Evaluating Mitochondrial Uncoupling Potentials Of A7e And Dnp In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae : Implications For Human Obesity, Roger Vaughan

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

Obesity is one of the most prevalent maladies in the United States and is a major cause of preventable death. Weight loss supplements frequently claim uncoupling as a mechanism of action. Uncoupling agents could be used for weight loss because they disrupt mitochondrial metabolism thereby reducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) yield. Consequently, metabolic efficiency diminishes increasing basal metabolic rate. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) successfully uncouples but was banned in 1938 because of a narrow window between efficacy and toxicity. PURPOSE: To measure the ability of a blend that reportedly contains 17-dihydroxy-delta-5-etiocholane-7-one and p-methylcarbonylethylphenol and other substances (A7E), a purported uncoupling agent, to interfere …

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Allometric Scaling And Metabolic Ecology Of Microorganisms And Major Evolutionary Transitions, Jordan G. Okie Jul 2011

Allometric Scaling And Metabolic Ecology Of Microorganisms And Major Evolutionary Transitions, Jordan G. Okie

Biology ETDs

My dissertation centers around investigating big-picture questions related to understanding the consequences of metabolism and energetics on the evolution, ecology, and physiology of life. The evolutionary transitions from prokaryotes to unicellular eukaryotes to multicellular organisms were accompanied by major innovations in metabolic design. In my first chapter, I show that the scaling of metabolic rate, population growth rate, and production efficiency with body size have changed across these transitions. Metabolic rate scales with body mass superlinearly in prokaryotes, linearly in protists, and sublinearly in metazoans, so Kleibers 3/4 power scaling law does not apply universally across organisms. This means that …

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Paratransgenic Control Of Vibriosis In Shrimp Aquaculture, Bobban Subhadra Jul 2011

Paratransgenic Control Of Vibriosis In Shrimp Aquaculture, Bobban Subhadra

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Infectious diseases are an increasing threat to shrimp farming industries worldwide and account for nearly $3 billion of annual economic loss. The need to devise novel approaches against these infectious agents is pressing, as traditional methods are insufficient to ward off infections. The main aim of this study was to apply paratransgenesis to control infectious agents mediating shrimp diseases. As proof-of-concept we showed that Artemia, a food source in shrimp aquaculture, internalized bacteria expressing recombinant proteins. Stable expression and retention of these marker molecules up to 10 hours after feeding with the transgenic bacteria were evident within the gut of …

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Small Molecule Inhibition Of Staphylococcus Aureus Virulence, Erin Sully Jul 2011

Small Molecule Inhibition Of Staphylococcus Aureus Virulence, Erin Sully

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The increasing emergence of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly those caused by a single clone of methicillin resistant S. aureus (USA300 MRSA), coupled with the slowing of antibiotic discovery makes research into novel therapies a priority (Lowy, 2007). One strategy evolving is the development of drugs that target bacterial virulence factors as opposed to growth (Cegelski et al., 2008). Due to the lack of selective pressure, bacterial resistance to the drugs would be minimized while the infection, attenuated by the inhibition of virulence factor production, could be cleared by the innate immune factors of the host. Virulence factors identified …

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C-Myb Alternative Splicing: A Novel Biomarker In Leukemia, Ye E. Zhou Jul 2011

C-Myb Alternative Splicing: A Novel Biomarker In Leukemia, Ye E. Zhou

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

c-myb encodes a transcription factor that is essential for hematopoiesis and for normal development of other tissues. There is ample evidence showing the activated alleles of c-myb gene can induce leukemias in several animal species. However, there was no clear evidence showing that c-myb could be oncogenic in human cancers until recent studies revealed that the human c-myb locus is subjected to chromosomal rearrangement in some pediatric T-ALL and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) patient samples. The c-myb gene contains 15 constant exons and 6 alternative exons and can undergo extensive alternative splicing. These alternatively spliced variants encode variant Myb proteins …

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The Evolutionary Ecology Of Human Infancy, Amanda Veile Jul 2011

The Evolutionary Ecology Of Human Infancy, Amanda Veile

Anthropology ETDs

Infancy is a time of profound energetic trade-offs, and in many South American native groups, infant growth is stunted and mortality by infectious disease is high. The goal of this dissertation was to explore the nature of human infancy from a life history theoretical perspective. Specifically, I investigated infant growth, feeding patterns, and thymic development in two South American native populations, the Tsimane of Bolivia and the Pumé of Venezuela. This broad goal is addressed through four specific goals: 1) to model the weaning transition using behavioral data collected in Tsimane communities where infants experience varying mortality rates, 2) to …

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Ground Water-Surface Water Interaction Of Rio Grande Biopark Area, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Sadia Faiza Jul 2011

Ground Water-Surface Water Interaction Of Rio Grande Biopark Area, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Sadia Faiza

Civil Engineering ETDs

Ground water and surface water are typically considered as separate entities, but all surface water features interact with ground water in different ways. Better understanding of ground water-surface water interaction is important for effective land and water management. This study investigated the impact of surface water on ground water levels as well as soil moisture content in a small region of Albuquerque Biopark near the Rio Grande. This study involved collection of field data on soil moisture, ground water levels and observations of vegetation densities adjacent to the Biopark wetlands. Numerical models were developed of the influence of the river …

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Patient-Provider Encounter: The Contemporary Cameroonian Story, Eudaline Patricia Hell Jul 2011

Patient-Provider Encounter: The Contemporary Cameroonian Story, Eudaline Patricia Hell

Communication ETDs

Most communication scholars recognize that cultural beliefs influence health and interactions about health. Within the African context, religious cultural beliefs constitute dynamic elements of the culture. My dissertation explains the influences of religion and culture on patient-provider interactions in Cameroon. My field research sought answers to the following questions: How do the assumptions of the Western medical model intersect with those of the native culture in patient-provider interactions? How do Cameroonian providers and patients conceptualize health and illness? How does Cameroonian culture, especially native and Christian religious beliefs influence the beliefs and practices of providers and patients? How do interactions …

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Borders, Bridges, And Beer: Performances Of Cultural Identities In The Washington Birthday Celebration, Diana Carolina Ramos Jul 2011

Borders, Bridges, And Beer: Performances Of Cultural Identities In The Washington Birthday Celebration, Diana Carolina Ramos

Communication ETDs

In this study I describe how individuals living in Laredo, Texas, a city situated in the U.S.-Mexico border region, make sense of their identities through their experiences in the Washington Birthday Celebration (WBC). By focusing on communication as means for creating cultural identities, this study provides insight into how communication is used in the construction and performance of cultural identities. Specifically, I focus on The Society of Martha Washington, one of the several affiliate organizations that participates in the WBC, in order to answer the following research questions about the enactment of cultural identities in the WBC: (1) What cultural …

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Forms And Fragments: Enactment Of Cultural Identification In An Online Community Of Chinese Living Overseas, Haibin Dong Jul 2011

Forms And Fragments: Enactment Of Cultural Identification In An Online Community Of Chinese Living Overseas, Haibin Dong

Communication ETDs

This research is an interpretive study of the dynamics of cultural identification as enacted by Chinese individuals living overseas who participate in a virtual online community known as Wenxuecity.com. The study draws on intercultural communication theories of identity proposed by Carbaugh, Collier, and Hecht, as well as on my own integrative framework for the analysis of cultural identity, to explore the self-other interaction in identity enactment, the multidimensionality of identity, and the centrality of communication in processes of identification. Through the application of a qualitative analysis of online discourse, I found three primary forms of cultural identification-- perceptual, strategic, and …

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Constructing The "At-Risk" Student In Education: A Sociopolitical Analysis From 1960-2009, Rebecca Beals Jul 2011

Constructing The "At-Risk" Student In Education: A Sociopolitical Analysis From 1960-2009, Rebecca Beals

Sociology ETDs

In this thesis, I examine the changing conceptualization of what is called the at-risk' or disadvantaged student from 1960-2009. Using components of theory on education as an institution, the construction of knowledge, and racial formation theory, I specifically argue that research reviews and federal policy serve as sites where these core concepts in educational discourse and policy continually go through a process of rearticulation and legitimation. I use one journal, the Review of Educational Research, to examine this relationship over 50 years, from 1960-2009. I use a quantitative content analysis of research abstracts to explore 1.) how the concept of …

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Dynamo In The Desert: Energy Development And Environmental Contestation In The San Juan Basin, 1960-1985, S. Andrew Wakefield Jul 2011

Dynamo In The Desert: Energy Development And Environmental Contestation In The San Juan Basin, 1960-1985, S. Andrew Wakefield

History ETDs

This thesis examines coal-energy development in the San Juan Basin, which is located in the culturally rich and environmentally diverse Four Corners region. Between 1960 and 1985 intensive coal-energy development—in the form of strip mines and power plants—took place in the western portion of the San Juan Basin. This period saw the enactment of major environmental legislation and the rise of the modern environmental movement. My thesis specifically focuses on how this development unleashed environmental damage upon the regions land, water, and air. Beyond examining environmental destruction, my thesis explores how different groups came into conflict over coal-energy development. The …

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Obama's Presidential (Mixed) Race: Framing And Ideological Analysis Of Blogs And News, Iliana Rucker Jul 2011

Obama's Presidential (Mixed) Race: Framing And Ideological Analysis Of Blogs And News, Iliana Rucker

Communication ETDs

The election of Barack Obama as President of the United States brought a heightened awareness to the role of race and produced speculation about the idealized notion of the achievement of a post-racial United States. This dissertation examined mediated conversations on mixed race identity in response to some of the significant events in the Obama campaign and the first months of the Obama presidency. Specifically, this study examined the ways that newspapers and blogs construct discourses about race, mixed race, and racism. Further, I explored the biological, legal, and social implications as they relate to current constructions of mixed race …

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Immigration Discourses In The U.S. And In Japan, Chie Torigoe Jul 2011

Immigration Discourses In The U.S. And In Japan, Chie Torigoe

Communication ETDs

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how systems of racial inequality and dominance produced at macro-institutional level discourses are reproduced and/or challenged in micro-interpersonal everyday discourses regarding immigration/foreign workers in the U.S. and in Japan. To establish a link between the discourses at these two levels, I employed a combination of critical and interpretive theoretical perspectives, and analyzed how racial ideologies were reproduced and/or challenged through participants' use of various interpretative repertoires (i.e., discursive themes and specific rhetorical moves therein) and positioning of self and Others. Interpretative repertoires and discursive positioning of self and Others are major …

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Nopalitos Mean Something: Communicating Identity In Mother-Daughter Relationships Through Food And Recipe, Darla Antoine Jul 2011

Nopalitos Mean Something: Communicating Identity In Mother-Daughter Relationships Through Food And Recipe, Darla Antoine

Communication ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze a memoir/cookbook to highlight the unique role of food and recipes in relationships among women—specifically within mother-daughter relationships. The text highlights how food and recipes can become emotionally entwined in our life stories and in our relationships. Using cluster analysis, the analytical research of this thesis creates conversations about food and recipes as communicative vessels of intimacy and legacy among women and their daughters. Finally, this thesis demonstrates new ways food and recipes may help women navigate their own identities within both the psychoanalytical stages of the Oedipal complex and the psychological …

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It's Like A Giant Game Of Telephone: Physicians' Perceptions Of Effective Communication In The Emergency Department Context', Marleah Dean Jul 2011

It's Like A Giant Game Of Telephone: Physicians' Perceptions Of Effective Communication In The Emergency Department Context', Marleah Dean

Communication ETDs

Despite the growing number of emergency department visits, effective communication between patients and physicians are often overlooked because of the fast- paced nature of the emergency department (ED). As such, we do not know what is seen as effective communication within this particular context. Therefore, the goal of this study was to learn how emergency department physicians define effective communication and identify the barriers and facilitators to communicating in the ED. Seventeen semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with ED physicians. Interviews were recorded and transcribed into a Word document. Data analysis included two steps—the constant comparison method (Lindlof & Taylor, …

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Hydraulic And Geospatial Analyses Of Stream Engineering And Habitat Restoration Near Los Lunas, Nm, Stephen Kissock Jul 2011

Hydraulic And Geospatial Analyses Of Stream Engineering And Habitat Restoration Near Los Lunas, Nm, Stephen Kissock

Civil Engineering ETDs

Stream restoration is a complex process encompassing multiple disciplines and organizations to achieve specific, immediate and long-term goals. Analyses of many completed projects are limited to narrow objectives that commonly exclude the same broad scopes envisioned during the planning process. This thesis studies one completed habitat restoration project in terms of its engineering and biological sustainability using geospatial analysis procedures not widely applied to these goals. These procedures include adjustment of a digital terrain model for hydraulic accuracy, the use of the digital terrain model and aerial imagery for the digitization of features used in hydraulic modeling, and the geospatial …

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Roles Of Autophagy In Hiv-1 Infection, Christina Archer Dinkins Jul 2011

Roles Of Autophagy In Hiv-1 Infection, Christina Archer Dinkins

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) chronically infects approximately 30 million people worldwide. HIV-1 has become one of the most difficult viral infections to treat due to its high mutability and emerging drug resistance. Critical to our development of more effective therapeutic treatments, we must better understand the HIV life cycle in order to reveal better targets for drug development. Thus, the purpose of this work was to investigate the role of autophagy, a cellular homeostatic mechanism capable of eliminating intracellular pathogens, in HIV-1 infection of two relevant hosts, the human and the Old World non-permissive primate, the rhesus macaque. …

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