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Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Smarandache Multispace & Multistructures, Florentin Smarandache, Linfan Mao

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In recent decades, Smarandache’s notions of multispace and multistructure were widely spread and have shown much importance in sciences around the world. Organizedby Prof.Linfan Mao, a professional conference on multispaces and multistructures, named the First International Conference on Smarandache Multispace and Multistructure was held in Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture of P. R. China on June 28-30, 2013, which was announced by American Mathematical Society in advance.

Unm Health Sciences Center Data Book 2012-13, University Of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center

Health Sciences Center Databook (1990-ongoing)

No abstract provided.

Unm Health Sciences Center Annual Report Of Contracts And Grants, 2013, Luke Frank, Paul Akmajian, Sara Mota, Michael Haederly, Kara Mckinney, Heidi Rishel Brakey, Rebecca Gustaf

Research Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Can Improved Cooking Stoves Work? The Nepal Chulo Experience, Dipika Gawande, Bijendra Shrestha, Amarsingh Gawande

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

What motivates rural households to switch from older cooking methods to newer, more improved, ones? Improved cooking stoves (ICS) technology has demonstrated capacity to reduce health hazards from smoke inhalation, especially for mothers and young children in poor rural households. Additional advantages such as fuel economy are also possible. However, policies encouraging rural households to switch have met with little success. Initially enthusiastic acceptance has seldom led to long-term adoption. Possibly, faulty policy implementation is to blame, but it is likely that policymakers have not come to terms with the fact that adopting the ICS requires changing generations-old behavior. This …

Report On 120 Days Of Listening Campaign, Robert G. Frank

President Frank's Administration

No abstract provided.

Gpsa Legislative Steering Committee Meeting, 9/18/2012, Graduate And Professional Student Association

GPSA Meeting Agendas and Minutes

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Genetic Ancestry And Sociocultural Factors On Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility In Northeastern Mexico, Bonnie Nadyne Young

Anthropology ETDs

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to variation in tuberculosis (TB) disease risk among individuals in the Americas, although the relative contribution of each of these factors remains unclear. Genetic ancestry may serve as a proxy for underlying genetic differences in TB risk between the European, Native American, and African groups that formed many populations in the Americas, but this has never been tested. Such tests are complicated by the fact that genetic ancestry and important potential social predictors of TB are usually confounded. The urban center of Nuevo León, the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), presents a unique setting to tease …

Health Parameters Across The Lifespan Among The Ache Of Paraguay, John D. Wagner

Anthropology ETDs

This work provides an integrative approach for assessing population health among a group of indigenous South American forager-farmers, the northern Aché of eastern Paraguay. The Aché were full-time hunting and gathering nomads up until the time of first peaceful contact in the early 1970s when they experienced a devastating virgin-soil population epidemic that killed approximately 40% of the population, where all age and sex groups were affected more or less equally with the exception of a higher survival rate among reproductive-aged women. The Aché are now settled on several reservations and have fully recovered their population numbers. The Aché have …

Rape, The Silenced Crime In Guatemala, Louisa Reynolds

NotiCen

No abstract provided.

Variation And Organization In Social Behavior: Infectious Disease And Human Intergroup Conflict And Warfare; And The Organization Of Foraging Behavior In Harvester Ants, Kenneth Letendre

Biology ETDs

Social behavior is an important contributor to the success of widely distributed animal taxa, including such distantly related taxa as humans and ants. There is variation in the features and organization of social systems based on ecological constraints and goals, as these alter the costs and benefits of social behaviors, and select for different optimal behaviors for social groups in different environments. I present two bodies of research: an effort to explain geographic variation in the frequency and intensity of human civil conflict; and an effort to describe and model the foraging behavior of colonies of harvester ants of the …

Population Dynamics Of Flaviviruses In The United States, Kendra Pesko

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The genus Flavivirus comprises viral species with positive sense, single stranded RNA genomes, most of which are transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks. During replication, RNA viruses have higher mutation rates than DNA viruses, because their virally encoded RNA dependent RNA polymerase has no proofreading activity. These viruses have been shown to exist within and between hosts as swarms of closely related mutant genomes that can be examined through sequence analysis. In the work presented here we focus on the population dynamics of two zoonotic flaviviruses that cause human morbidity and mortality in the United States: tick-borne Powassan virus (POW) and …

Antibody-Mediated Protection Against Pulmonary Infection With Virulent Type A Francisella Tularensis, Gopi Mara-Koosham

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Respiratory infections with the virulent type A strains of Francisella tularensis (Ft) cause pneumonic tularemia, an illness which results in high case fatalities in the absence of timely antibiotic treatment. Although immunization is an effective countermeasure, vaccines against pulmonary tularemia are currently unavailable. A better understanding of protective immune components is therefore needed to develop licensable vaccines against pulmonary tularemia. While the indispensability of cell-mediated immunity in protection against this gram-negative intracellular bacterium is well-documented, the protective role of antibodies (Abs) is unclear. Hence we examined the role of humoral immunity by developing a passive immunization model of respiratory tularemia …

High And Dry In New Mexico: Tuberculosis And The Politics Of Health, Nancy Owen Lewis

New Mexico Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Bio+Terror: Science, Security, Simulation, Melanie Armstrong

American Studies ETDs

The United States government has spent more than $125 billion since 2001 to prepare the nation for bioterrorism. This dissertation examines the emergence of bioterrorism as a credible threat in the contemporary moment, considering how the preparedness practices of the security state constitute new biopolitical formations. To explore how changing ways of knowing disease and risk are reshaping communities, this multi-sited study investigates the material outcomes of biosecurity in people's lives. It shows how complex histories of disease and terror are remade in the modern age to bring about new spaces and forms of biological citizenship.Through interview, observation and detailed …

Unm Health Sciences Center Data Book 2011-12, University Of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center

Health Sciences Center Databook (1990-ongoing)

No abstract provided.

Salmon People In An Era Of Depleting Salmon: The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community’S Climate Adaptation Action Plan As A Manifestation Of Tribal Sovereignty, Kelly Davis

Tribal Law Journal

Climate change presents novel challenges to indigenous peoples striving to maintain their place-based subsistence cultures. Climate change is altering physical environments, tribes are experiencing detrimental impacts, and adaptation is necessary to preserve indigenous lifestyles. The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, a Coast Salish tribe in northwestern Washington State, has taken the initiative in tribal climate change adaptation efforts.

In 2010, the Swinomish Office of Planning and Community Development issued a thorough Climate Adaptation Action Plan, which delineates strategies the vulnerable coastal, salmon-dependent tribe must take. Resilient social systems, like American Indian tribes, are capable of anticipating and planning for the future. …

Infectious Disease And The Worldwide Distribution Of Iq, Christopher Guiles Eppig

Biology ETDs

We show that infectious disease is a major contributor to the worldwide distribution of human cognitive ability, as measured by psychometric IQ. In areas where infectious disease is high, average human intelligence tends to be lower, and in areas where infectious disease is low, average human intelligence tends to be higher. In separate studies, we tested this across world nations (chapter 2) and across states of the USA (chapter 3). In efforts to disseminate our research to wider audiences, I reviewed the findings contained in chapters 2 and 3 using language that is accessible to non-biologists (chapter 4). Although it …

Curated Exhibit: Civil War Medicine, Laura J. Hall

Posters and Presentations

The Civil War Medicine exhibit, curated by Laura J. Hall, MFA, explored the medical practices and challenges faced during the American Civil War. With more than 620,000 deaths, many from disease rather than battlefield injuries, the war presented unprecedented challenges for medical personnel who were often unprepared for the trauma of battle. The exhibit delved into the history of Civil War medicine, including amputations, disease, and the impact of the war on the evolution of American medical practices. The exhibit was on display from October 2011 to August 2012 at the UNM Domenici Center for Health Sciences Education.

Learning In Medical School: Relationships Among Achievement Goals And Approaches To Learning In Three Classes Of Medical Students, Pamela Devoe

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

Medical student learning behaviors were examined in terms of achievement goals and approaches to learning. First, second, and third year medical students completed a Questionnaire composed of three extant inventories, the Achievement Goals Questionnaire (AGQ), the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI), and the Approaches to Learning and Studying Inventory (ALSI). Performance and demographic data were analyzed in terms of Questionnaire subscales. Of the three measures, two produced moderate to high reliability values. The MAI produced low reliability values and a high number of EFA factors resulting in discontinuation of analyses for that measure. Students holding mastery-approach achievement goals are more likely …

Wrap It Up : A Comparison Of The Health Belief Model And The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Erika Montanaro

Psychology ETDs

This study attempts to experimentally manipulate core constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in order to increase condom use behavior. A direct comparison of the two models to determine the theory that best explains condom use behavior change will also be attempted. University of New Mexico psychology students (N = 280) completed measures on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, condom use self-efficacy, attitudes toward condoms, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Next, they completed one of three randomly assigned computer-based interventions. 218 (77.8%) completed a behavioral assessment one month later. The TPB …

Structural Characterization Of Metal Binding In Metallo-Β-Lactamases Using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Robert M. Breece

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In an effort to probe the structure and mechanism of metallo-β-lactamases, the metal-binding behaviors of several enzymes were studied using EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure). Three members of the metallo-β-lactamase subclass B1, BcII from Bacillus cereus, Bla2 from Bacillus anthracis and CcrA from Bacillus fragilis, were compared to examine metal-binding behavior within a subclass. Each system exhibits different metal-binding behavior including cooperative binding (BcII), sequential binding (CcrA), and differential binding between zinc(II) and cobalt(II) forms (Bla2). The metal-binding behavior of subclass B3 of L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was explored with RFQ (rapid-freeze quenched) EXAFS and site selective metal …

An Ongoing Pulmonary Cowpox Virus Infection Suppresses An Immune Response To Ova Peptide Delivered To The Lungs, Cara Lynn Hrusch

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Cowpox virus (CPXV), a close relative of variola virus, the orthopoxvirus that causes smallpox, can suppress the immune system through a large array of immunosuppressive gene products. We developed a murine model in which DO11.10 T cells specific for an OVA peptide were transferred into BALB/c mice to assess the impact of a pulmonary CPXV infection on DO11.10 T cell proliferation in lung draining lymph nodes following intranasal OVA peptide delivery. High and low-dose CPXV infections were compared. Both doses lead to clinical illness including ruffled coat and weight loss, but the high dose is lethal and is characterized by …

Substratum Interfacial Energetic Effects On The Attachment Of Marine Bacteria, Linnea Kathryn Ista

Biology ETDs

Biofilms represent an ancient, ubiquitous and influential form of life on earth. They are interesting both scientifically and because of their impacts on our environment, health and technology. Biofilm formation is initiated by attachment of bacterial cells from an aqueous suspension onto a suitable attachment substratum. While in certain, well studied cases initial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation is mediated by specific ligand-receptor pairs on the bacteria and attachment substratum, in the open environment, including the ocean, it is assumed to be non-specific and mediated by processes similar to those that drive adsorption of colloids at the water-solid interface. Colloidal …

Paratransgenic Control Of Vibriosis In Shrimp Aquaculture, Bobban Subhadra

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Infectious diseases are an increasing threat to shrimp farming industries worldwide and account for nearly $3 billion of annual economic loss. The need to devise novel approaches against these infectious agents is pressing, as traditional methods are insufficient to ward off infections. The main aim of this study was to apply paratransgenesis to control infectious agents mediating shrimp diseases. As proof-of-concept we showed that Artemia, a food source in shrimp aquaculture, internalized bacteria expressing recombinant proteins. Stable expression and retention of these marker molecules up to 10 hours after feeding with the transgenic bacteria were evident within the gut of …

The Evolutionary Ecology Of Human Infancy, Amanda Veile

Anthropology ETDs

Infancy is a time of profound energetic trade-offs, and in many South American native groups, infant growth is stunted and mortality by infectious disease is high. The goal of this dissertation was to explore the nature of human infancy from a life history theoretical perspective. Specifically, I investigated infant growth, feeding patterns, and thymic development in two South American native populations, the Tsimane of Bolivia and the Pumé of Venezuela. This broad goal is addressed through four specific goals: 1) to model the weaning transition using behavioral data collected in Tsimane communities where infants experience varying mortality rates, 2) to …

Roles Of Autophagy In Hiv-1 Infection, Christina Archer Dinkins

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) chronically infects approximately 30 million people worldwide. HIV-1 has become one of the most difficult viral infections to treat due to its high mutability and emerging drug resistance. Critical to our development of more effective therapeutic treatments, we must better understand the HIV life cycle in order to reveal better targets for drug development. Thus, the purpose of this work was to investigate the role of autophagy, a cellular homeostatic mechanism capable of eliminating intracellular pathogens, in HIV-1 infection of two relevant hosts, the human and the Old World non-permissive primate, the rhesus macaque. …

Outcomes Of Treatment For Hepatitis C Virus Infection By Primary Care Providers, Sanjeev Arora, Karla Thornton, Glen Murata, Paulina Deming, Summers Kalishman, Denise Dion, Brooke Parish, Thomas Burke, Wesley Pak, Jeffrey Dunkelberg, Martin Kistin, John Brown, Steven Jenkusky, Miriam Komaromy, Clifford Qualls

Project ECHO Bibliography

BACKGROUND: The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was developed to improve access to care for underserved populations with complex health problems such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. With the use of video-conferencing technology, the ECHO program trains primary care providers to treat complex diseases.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study comparing treatment for HCV infection at the University of New Mexico (UNM) HCV clinic with treatment by primary care clinicians at 21 ECHO sites in rural areas and prisons in New Mexico. A total of 407 patients with chronic HCV infection who had received no previous …

Antibacterial Activity Of Conjugated Electrolytes, Thomas S. Corbitt

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A series of water soluble, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with main chains based on an arylene ethynylene repeat unit structure with tetraalkylammonium and/or alkylsulfonate side groups were found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity. A number of these complexes also showed pronounced light-induced modulation of their effectiveness, with either biocidal enhancement or suppression, depending on such properties as singlet oxygen sensitization potential and lipophilicity. These collected studies examine the biocidal activity of the CPEs, as determined by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Flow Cytometry, correlating this activity with the photophysical properties of the polymers. We demonstrate biocidal …

Partnering Urban Academic Medical Centers And Rural Primary Care Clinicians To Provide Complex Chronic Disease Care, Sanjeev Arora, Summers Kalishman, Denise Dion, Dara Som, Karla Thornton, Arthur Bankhurst, Jeanne Boyle, Michelle Harkins, Kathleen Moseley, Glen Murata, Miriam Komaramy, Joanna Katzman, Kathleen Colleran, Paulina Deming, Sean Yutzy

Project ECHO Bibliography

Many of the estimated thirty-two million Americans expected to gain coverage under the Affordable Care Act are likely to have high levels of unmet need because of various chronic illnesses and to live in areas that are already underserved. In New Mexico an innovative new model of health care education and delivery known as Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) provides high-quality primary and specialty care to a comparable population. Using state-of-the-art telehealth technology and case-based learning, Project ECHO enables specialists at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center to partner with primary care clinicians in underserved areas …

Studies Of A Cyanine-Based Biosensor And Light-Induced Antibacterial Activities Of Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene)S, Zhijun Zhou

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

This dissertation has been focusing on two subjects: biosensor development and light-activated antimicrobials. A cyanine-based fluorescent biosensor is developed with high sensitivity to detect the presence and activity of caspase-3/7. We demonstrated that supramolecular self-assembly can be useful for designing biosensors. A series of p-Phenylene Ethynylenes (OPEs) have been synthesized. Further photophysical studies show that these molecules have good singlet oxygen yields. The antimicrobial capability increases dramatically when exposed to UV-365 radiation, though dark biocidal activity can be obtained as well. This phenomenon is probably due to the high yields of singlet oxygen of these OPEs, which oxidizes unsaturated membrane …