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Sleep As An Evolved Behavior: Ecological Opportunity Costs And Sleep Optimization, Gandhi Yetish Oct 2016

Sleep As An Evolved Behavior: Ecological Opportunity Costs And Sleep Optimization, Gandhi Yetish

Anthropology ETDs

Sleep problems afflict millions world-over. Treating this has been difficult because there is no consensus definition for “normal” sleep. People can vary in their personal sleep need, but the determinants of variation in sleep duration are largely unknown, as is the criteria to determine how much variation is normal. Given that most diurnal mammals (including primates) appear to sleep from sunset to sunrise, the leading explanation for sleep pathology in the post-industrial world has been that electronics, especially light illuminating devices, substantially reduce sleep duration. This assertion has heretofore only been tested experimentally. This research aims to resolve this issue …

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Impact Of A Telehealth Program That Delivers Remote Consultation And Longitudinal Mentorship To Community Hiv Providers, Brian R. Wood, Kenton T. Unruh, Natalia Martinez-Paz, Mary Annese, Christian B. Ramers, Robert D. Harrington, Shireesha Dhanireddy, Lisa Kimmerly, John D. Scott, David H. Spach Sep 2016

Impact Of A Telehealth Program That Delivers Remote Consultation And Longitudinal Mentorship To Community Hiv Providers, Brian R. Wood, Kenton T. Unruh, Natalia Martinez-Paz, Mary Annese, Christian B. Ramers, Robert D. Harrington, Shireesha Dhanireddy, Lisa Kimmerly, John D. Scott, David H. Spach

Project ECHO Bibliography

Background. To increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care capacity in our region, we designed a distance mentorship and consultation program based on the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model, which uses real-time interactive video to regularly connect community providers with a multidisciplinary team of academic specialists. This analysis will (1) describe key components of our program, (2) report types of clinical problems for which providers requested remote consultation over the first 3.5 years of the program, and (3) evaluate changes in participants' self-assessed HIV care confidence and knowledge over the study period. Methods. We prospectively tracked types of …

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"Basically Intelligent:" The Blind, Intelligence, And Gender In Argentina, 1880-1939, Rebecca Ann Ellis Aug 2016

"Basically Intelligent:" The Blind, Intelligence, And Gender In Argentina, 1880-1939, Rebecca Ann Ellis

History ETDs

My dissertation examines the links between disability, intellectuality, labor and gender in Argentina between 1887 and 1939. It demonstrates how intellectual capacity and education created distinctions between the blind and other disabled populations. Those distinctions helped organizations for the blind acquire private and public resources for projects designed to make the blind independent through occupational training. However, the same arguments that aided organizations drove debates over the definition of independence for the blind. Sighted activists believed education would diminish the dependency of the blind on their families and social services through the sale of small crafts. Blind leaders believed that …

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Oral Care In New Mexico's Nursing Homes: A Survey For The Directors Of Nursing Homes, Nicole Gonzales Aug 2016

Oral Care In New Mexico's Nursing Homes: A Survey For The Directors Of Nursing Homes, Nicole Gonzales

Dental Hygiene ETDs

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the Director of Nursing Homes (DONs) perception of oral care in New Mexico's Medicaid/ Medicare certified facilities on training, assessment and utilization of a dental hygienists as an adjunct nursing home staff member. Methods: Via convenience sample,73 DONs were sent an e-mailed survey. Results: With a 23% return rate, statistical analysis indicates a mean of .063, confidence interval (CI) of -.164 to .257, with an average p-value of .32. These findings indicate an indifference of opinions towards or against specific dental care and fail to reject the null hypothesis. 88.24% of …

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Unm Pathology Pathfinder Summer 2016, Unm Department Of Pathology Jul 2016

Unm Pathology Pathfinder Summer 2016, Unm Department Of Pathology

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

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Rural, Cultural & Global Health: As Seen Through The Eyes Of Doctoral Students At The University Of New Mexico, Priscella Correa, Kimberly Hartson, Jennifer L. Heck, Elizabeth Holguin, Jenny Landen, Angela Ortiz, Michael Palacio, Keri Roden, Krista Scorsone Jul 2016

Rural, Cultural & Global Health: As Seen Through The Eyes Of Doctoral Students At The University Of New Mexico, Priscella Correa, Kimberly Hartson, Jennifer L. Heck, Elizabeth Holguin, Jenny Landen, Angela Ortiz, Michael Palacio, Keri Roden, Krista Scorsone

Global, Rural, & Cultural Health Book Series

When our early UNM College of Nursing PhD students wrote Volumes 1-3 of this compilation a decade ago, our program was new and growing, and most of the students lived here in New Mexico or in neighboring states. Much has changed since the initial volumes emerged from our course entitled Rural and Cultural Health (Nursing 611), a graduate elective. The world has embraced enormous linkages through technology. Refugee and migration patterns the world over have more people displaced and seeking a permanent home than ever before. International, national, regional and local contexts, conflicts, politics, health-related policies, economic struggles, racial/ethnic diversity, …

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Coevolving Histories Inside And Out: Phylogenetics, Comparative Parasitology, And Host Affinities Of Chipmunk Sucking Lice And Pinworms, Kayce C. Bell Jul 2016

Coevolving Histories Inside And Out: Phylogenetics, Comparative Parasitology, And Host Affinities Of Chipmunk Sucking Lice And Pinworms, Kayce C. Bell

Biology ETDs

Diversification of parasite species, in light of their host association, is an area ripe for testing hypotheses of evolution when one species requires another for survival. The 23 species of western North American chipmunks (genus Tamias) host two species of ectoparasitic sucking lice (Anoplura) and two species of endoparasitic pinworms (Nematoda). I used a phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary histories of the parasites in light of the hosts and the landscape. In comparing the parasites, I found that the two pinworm species have similar diversification patterns, linked to hosts, but those processes occurred on different time scales. As another …

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The Smoluchowski Equation In Population Dynamics And The Spread Of Infection, Satomi Sugaya Jun 2016

The Smoluchowski Equation In Population Dynamics And The Spread Of Infection, Satomi Sugaya

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

This dissertation is a report on an interdisciplinary investigation consisting of an application of random walk techniques to problems in ecology, particularly to the spread of Hantavirus epidemic among rodents that live on an open terrain. The population of mice that we consider is made up of infectious disease-carrying mice and susceptible mice that are disease-free, and each mouse has its own home range around which it executes a random walk. We describe an event of infection transmission in such a population via reaction-diffusion theory. Our simple model consists of two mice, one infected and the other susceptible, the disease …

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Differential Interactions Of Lipopolysaccharides With Lipid Bilayers: Applications For Pathogen Detection, Loreen R. Stromberg Jun 2016

Differential Interactions Of Lipopolysaccharides With Lipid Bilayers: Applications For Pathogen Detection, Loreen R. Stromberg

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

This dissertation describes the development of new tailored methods for the discriminative detection of amphiphilic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens, so as to improve screening methodologies for food-safety applications, and detection of amphiphiles in general. LPS is associated with the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and is a primary virulence biomarker of several pathogens. Direct detection of amphiphilic LPS in the aqueous matrices of the host/sample requires an appreciation of the complex biochemistry of the molecule, and forms the basis for this research. The unique structure of this molecule can be used for identification of both the serogroup and strain of pathogen. …

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Biomolecular Signatures Of Severe Malarial Anemia, Zachary Shamin Karim May 2016

Biomolecular Signatures Of Severe Malarial Anemia, Zachary Shamin Karim

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Plasmodium falciparum-associated severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb)< 5.0g/dL] is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in African children. Examination of the host immune response and underlying genotypic traits that condition SMA can offer an improved understanding of malaria pathogenesis. Previous investigations have suggested that SMA in high transmission regions is due to impaired erythropoiesis hemolysis and erythrocyte destruction. In the holoendemic transmission region of western Kenya our studies have shown that dyserythropoiesis drives and conditions SMA through poorly understood molecular pathways. Pediatric studies have shown that early erythroid cell populations as well as reticulocyte production is greatly reduced in children with SMA. The driving force of malaria pathogenesis is multifaceted and the mechanisms that promote erythropoietic dysfunction are still being understood. We hypothesize that SMA is conditioned by the immune response through underlying genetic factors that influence erythropoiesis resulting in a exacerbated disease state. To that end the studies described in this manuscript focus on the inflammatory chemokines, monokine induced by gamma (MIG) and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP10) as well as the hemoglobin-coding gene, hemoglobin alpha 2 (HBA2) in the context of SMA and dyserythropoiesis. The first study described herein, identified MIG and IP10 as important mediators associated with SMA. In this study we examined circulating MIG and I10 profiles in non-SMA and SMA children and then genotyped and constructed haplotypes between 5 individual polymorphic variants within the promoter regions for the MIG and IP10 for the entire study cohort (n=1,600). The second study described in this manuscript, utilized a global approach where genome wide association studies as well as whole-genome transcriptomics identified novel molecular pathways between non-SMA and SMA children. These analyses revealed that the expression of the hemoglobin-coding gene, HBA2 is significantly modulated between populations. We then examined these findings closer and genotyped a larger population for 2 promoter variants with the same approach described in the first study. Regression analysis of genotype and haplotype data for both studies revealed significant findings where several variant haplotypes correlated with SMA outcomes and erythropoietic response. Lastly, we used an in vitro model of erythropoiesis to determine if recombinant human MIG and IP10 as well as pediatric study serum (non-SMA and SMA) influence erythroid function. Our results from these studies revealed that pediatric serum from children with SMA influenced cell viability as well as erythroid lineage when we examined cell surface erythroid markers. A similar result was also seen in cell populations that were treated with the inflammatory mediators, MIG, and IP10 which reflected our proposal that serum from children with SMA and inflammatory mediators (MIG and IP10) infringe upon erythroid cell maturation and viability in vivo. Together the results from these studies independently verify the influence of biomolecular markers and mediators on SMA outcomes.

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Pulmonary Bcg Vaccination For Uniform Protection Against Tuberculosis In Environmental Mycobacteria Endemic Regions, Dominique Nicole Price May 2016

Pulmonary Bcg Vaccination For Uniform Protection Against Tuberculosis In Environmental Mycobacteria Endemic Regions, Dominique Nicole Price

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Currently, over one-third of the global population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), one of the world's most deadly infectious diseases. The current vaccine against TB, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is a live attenuated vaccine that is intradermally administered in over 150 countries around the world. Despite its widespread use, the vaccine has a variable protective efficacy of 0-80%, with the lowest efficacy rates in regions of the world where TB is most prevalent. This variability is partially due to environmental mycobacteria (EM) found in soil and water sources in areas of the world where BCG efficacy is poor. The research hypothesis …

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Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particles As Vaccine Platforms: From Heart Disease To Malaria, Erin Crossey May 2016

Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particles As Vaccine Platforms: From Heart Disease To Malaria, Erin Crossey

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Virus-like particles (VLPs) make excellent vaccines. They are non-infectious, often easy to produce in bacterial expression systems, and highly immunogenic. The latter feature is granted by the regularity of the capsid structure, which presents viral (or other) epitopes as dense, highly repetitive arrays that strongly stimulate B cells. VLPs can be used as the basis for vaccines targeting the virus from which they were derived, or they can be used as platforms to display practically any short peptide epitope in a multivalent format. Foreign peptides displayed on VLPs exhibit the same high immunogenicity as unmodified VLPs. Even self-antigens, normally subject …

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Extension For Community Health Outcomes-Hepatitis C: Small Steps Carve Big Footprints In The Allocation Of Scarce Resources For Hepatitis C Virus Treatment To Remote Developing Areas, Veysel Tahan, Ashraf Almashhrawi, Ali M. Kahveci, Rachel Mutrux, Jamal A. Ibdah Apr 2016

Extension For Community Health Outcomes-Hepatitis C: Small Steps Carve Big Footprints In The Allocation Of Scarce Resources For Hepatitis C Virus Treatment To Remote Developing Areas, Veysel Tahan, Ashraf Almashhrawi, Ali M. Kahveci, Rachel Mutrux, Jamal A. Ibdah

Project ECHO Bibliography

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still a major health problem throughout the world. HCV patients living in rural areas are less fortunate than their counterparts residing in populous urbanized regions. The lack of medical resources and properly trained medical personnel in rural regions make it especially burdensome for HCV patients seeking treatment. Dr. Sanjeev Arora at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center took initiative to resolve the issue at hand by developing a model named Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO). ECHO connects primary care providers (PCPs), usually family medicine physicians, in local communities with specialists. …

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Zika Epidemic In Brazil Sparks Global Panic, Gregory Scruggs Feb 2016

Zika Epidemic In Brazil Sparks Global Panic, Gregory Scruggs

NotiSur

No abstract provided.

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Innovations At The Interface Of Primary And Specialty Care: University Of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Initiatives, Shana F. Sandberg, Scott A. Shipman, Clese E. Erikson Feb 2016

Innovations At The Interface Of Primary And Specialty Care: University Of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Initiatives, Shana F. Sandberg, Scott A. Shipman, Clese E. Erikson

Project ECHO Bibliography

No abstract provided.

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Influence Of Social Capital On Community-Based Health Care Programs In Rural Papua New Guinea: An Ethnographic Study, Carol J. Bett Feb 2016

Influence Of Social Capital On Community-Based Health Care Programs In Rural Papua New Guinea: An Ethnographic Study, Carol J. Bett

Nursing ETDs

This descriptive, ethnographic study explored the influence of cultural health beliefs and social capital on the adoption of community-based health care interventions by rural villages in Papua New Guinea. The development of local level resources that lead to improved health indices requires an awareness of both the cultural context and the relational components of social capital that link people within the community. Social capital has been defined as resources that are an inherent part of a social group and the elements of social organization such as trust, networks, and norms of reciprocity that facilitate mutual cooperation (Billings, 2000; Carpiano, 2006). …

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Statistics Of Epidemics In Networks By Passing Messages, Munik Shrestha Feb 2016

Statistics Of Epidemics In Networks By Passing Messages, Munik Shrestha

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Epidemic processes are common out-of-equilibrium phenomena of broad interdisciplinary interest. In this thesis, we show how message-passing approach can be a helpful tool for simulating epidemic models in disordered medium like networks, and in particular for estimating the probability that a given node will become infectious at a particular time. The sort of dynamics we consider are stochastic, where randomness can arise from the stochastic events or from the randomness of network structures. As in belief propagation, variables or messages in message-passing approach are defined on the directed edges of a network. However, unlike belief propagation, where the posterior distributions …

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Argentina’S New Government Issues Controversial Decrees, Andrã©S Gaudã­N Jan 2016

Argentina’S New Government Issues Controversial Decrees, Andrã©S Gaudã­N

NotiSur

No abstract provided.

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Unm Pathology Pathfinder Winter 2016, Unm Department Of Pathology Jan 2016

Unm Pathology Pathfinder Winter 2016, Unm Department Of Pathology

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

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Unm Health Sciences Center Data Book 2015-16, University Of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center Jan 2016

Unm Health Sciences Center Data Book 2015-16, University Of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center

Health Sciences Center Databook (1990-ongoing)

No abstract provided.

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Unm Health Sciences Center Research Annual Report 2016, Michael Haederle, Sara Mota, Furhana Afrid, John Arnold, Cindy Foster, Luke Frank, Parl Noskin, Kelko Ohnuma, Jennifer Ruden, Michele Sequeira, Rebecca Gustaf Jan 2016

Unm Health Sciences Center Research Annual Report 2016, Michael Haederle, Sara Mota, Furhana Afrid, John Arnold, Cindy Foster, Luke Frank, Parl Noskin, Kelko Ohnuma, Jennifer Ruden, Michele Sequeira, Rebecca Gustaf

Research Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Hslic Annual Report Fy2015-16, University Of New Mexico Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center Jan 2016

Hslic Annual Report Fy2015-16, University Of New Mexico Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

HSLIC Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Assessing It Projects Success With Extended Fuzzy Cognitive Maps & Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps In Comparison To Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Kanika Bhutani, Megha Kumar, Gaurav Garg, Swati Aggarwal Jan 2016

Assessing It Projects Success With Extended Fuzzy Cognitive Maps & Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps In Comparison To Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Kanika Bhutani, Megha Kumar, Gaurav Garg, Swati Aggarwal

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

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2015 Final Report: Status Of The Arizona Toad (Anaxyrus Microscaphus) In New Mexico, Mason J. Ryan, Ian M. Latella, Jacek Tomasz Giermakowski, Howard L. Snell Dec 2015

2015 Final Report: Status Of The Arizona Toad (Anaxyrus Microscaphus) In New Mexico, Mason J. Ryan, Ian M. Latella, Jacek Tomasz Giermakowski, Howard L. Snell

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

In 2013, we initiated a field study to assess the status of the Arizona Toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus) in New Mexico. Herein we provide the results of three years (2013-2015) of range-wide population monitoring, a review of threat assessments, and several contributions to the basic ecology of the Arizona Toad in New Mexico. This work highlights the sensitivity of the species to abiotic factors and emphasizes the nature of annual population fluctuations in a variable environment. We provide analyses of environmental factors that influence toad reproductive behaviors, employ occupancy and detection modeling at breeding sites, and provide analyses of tadpole habitat …

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Paratransgenic Control Of Pierce's Disease, Arinder K. Arora Dec 2015

Paratransgenic Control Of Pierce's Disease, Arinder K. Arora

Biology ETDs

Pierce's Disease (PD) is a deadly grapevine disease, which is caused by a Gram negative bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa and transmitted by leafhoppers commonly known as sharpshooters, including the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS, Homalodisca vitripennis). We developed paratransgenic control of PD using a commensal bacterium Pantoea agglomerans E325. The GWSSs acquired enhanced green fluorescent (EGFP)-expressing P. agglomerans from an artificial feeding system and the bacteria persisted within the insect foregut for two weeks. P. agglomerans was selected as the paratransgenic control agent based on its persistence within the sharpshooter foregut, a niche also inhabited by X. fastidiosa. P. agglomerans lines secreting two …

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Apolipoprotein B Containing Lipoproteins Contribute To Host Innate Immune Pulmonary Defense Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Brett Manifold-Wheeler Dec 2015

Apolipoprotein B Containing Lipoproteins Contribute To Host Innate Immune Pulmonary Defense Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Brett Manifold-Wheeler

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Circulating lipoproteins are increasingly recognized as innate immune effector molecules. Severe hypolipidemia, which may occur with trauma or critical illness, is clinically associated with bacterial pneumonia. Importantly, pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia cases. Here we report that lipoprotein deficiency impairs early pulmonary innate defense against S. aureus quorum-sensing dependent pathogenesis. Specifically, apoB levels in the lung early post-infection are significantly reduced with lipoprotein deficiency, coinciding with impaired host control of S. aureus agr-signaling and increased agr-dependent morbidity and inflammation. Given that lipoproteins also inhibit LTA- and …

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Mechanisms Of Innate Immune Regulation Of Dermonecrosis During Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections, Moriah J. Castleman Dec 2015

Mechanisms Of Innate Immune Regulation Of Dermonecrosis During Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections, Moriah J. Castleman

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

S. aureus is the dominant cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in humans. The importance of S. aureus as the primary cause of skin infections has increased exponentially over the last few decades since the emergence of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, the rise of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has led to hospitals stays, increased financial burden and increased mortality. A significant proportion of MRSA infections have been attributed to community-acquired strains (CA-MRSA), specifically the USA300 isolates, which can cause deadly disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Due to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the lack of …

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Biochemistry 2015 Apr Self-Study & Documents, University Of New Mexico Oct 2015

Biochemistry 2015 Apr Self-Study & Documents, University Of New Mexico

UNM Academic Program Review

UNM Biochemistry APR self-study report, review team report, response to review report, and initial action plan for Fall 2015, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.

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Funding The Costs Of Disease Outbreaks Caused By Non Vaccination, Robert L. Schwartz Oct 2015

Funding The Costs Of Disease Outbreaks Caused By Non Vaccination, Robert L. Schwartz

Faculty Scholarship

While vaccination rates in the United States are high – generally over 90 percent – rates of exemptions have been going up, and preventable diseases coming back. 2014 is shaping to be one of the worst years for measles since 1994, with outbreaks generally starting from unvaccinated individuals and affecting primarily the unvaccinated. While pertussis is a more complex story, communities with high rates of exemptions are more vulnerable to outbreaks. Aside from their human cost and the financial cost of treatment imposed on those who become ill, outbreaks impose financial costs on an already burdened public health system, diverting …

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Assessment Of Nutritional Status In Pregnant Women On Opioid Maintenance Therapy, Shikhar Shrestha Sep 2015

Assessment Of Nutritional Status In Pregnant Women On Opioid Maintenance Therapy, Shikhar Shrestha

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

Objectives: Patients who use substances or those who are on opioid maintenance therapy could be at risk of inadequate nutrition. These inadequacies could translate to adverse outcomes during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine differences in dietary macro and micronutrient intake in pregnant women on OMT compared to healthy controls. Methods: Participants from a parent prospective cohort study ENRICH' were classified into two groups: OMT users and healthy controls. Inclusion into the nutritional analysis was based on eligibility criteria of completion of food frequency questionnaire administered during hospital stay after delivery, absence of heavy drinking and adequate …

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