Digital Commons Network^™

Is It Hot Here? How Increased Water Temperature Impacts Tunicates On A Physiological Level, Melanie Burley

Inquiry Journal Spring 2024

When you think of marine species that live in the Gulf of Maine, a tiny invertebrate attached to the side of a dock may not be the first one that comes to mind. However, tunicates have a powerful influence on other species within their environment. This is especially true in the Gulf of Maine, where they have been found on the side of boat docks, tangled up on lobster traps, and attached to oyster and mussel beds.

Increasing amounts of certain invasive species of tunicates can negatively impact the organisms around them. Tunicates can have a drastic impact on local …

Write Free Or Die: Vol. 10, No. 02, Unh Writing Programs

Writing Program Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Total Sediment Mercury Above And Below The Mill Pond Dam In Durham, New Hampshire, Julia Ward

Inquiry Journal Spring 2024

Julia's research measures the mercury present around the Mill Pond Dam, a key factor in the removal project.

Hydrogels And Injectable Therapeutics: How “Jell-O” May Become A Tissue Engineering Marvel, Jack Reynolds

Inquiry Journal Spring 2024

Jack Reynolds shares the secrets of tissue engineering.

A Case Study Of Us National Debt: 2008–2018, Drew Dickinson

Inquiry Journal Spring 2024

National debt in the United States has the potential to impact every citizen and resident of the nation, due to increased taxes on a federal level or downstream impacts on programs provided by the government. Some of this debt is held internally—meaning by entities within the United States, such as the Social Security Administration. Foreign or external debt, on the other hand, is debt held by an entity, like a nation, that is outside the United States.

Through a capstone-level political science course, I researched the impacts of externally versus internally held debt on the United States’ overall indebtedness, using …

Jeffrey Halpern: Professor Of Chemical Engineering And Bioengineering, Valerie Moyer

Inquiry Journal Spring 2024

Jeffrey Halpern is an associate professor of chemical engineering and bioengineering at the University of New Hampshire.

Reliable Identification Of Binary Supermassive Black Holes From Rubin Observatory Time-Domain Monitoring, Megan C. Davis, Kaylee E. Grace, Jonathan R. Trump, Jessie C. Runnoe, Amelia Henkel, Laura Blecha, W N. Brandt, J Andrew Casey-Clyde, Maria Charisi, Caitlin A. Witt

Faculty Publications

Periodic signatures in time-domain observations of quasars have been used to search for binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). These searches, across existing time-domain surveys, have produced several hundred candidates. The general stochastic variability of quasars, however, can masquerade as a false-positive periodic signal, especially when monitoring cadence and duration are limited. In this work, we predict the detectability of binary SMBHs in the upcoming Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We apply computationally inexpensive sinusoidal curve fits to millions of simulated LSST Deep Drilling Field light curves of both single, isolated quasars and binary quasars. The period …

Universal Design For Learning (Udl)- Strategies For Engaging Rural Youth Co-Researchers With Informal Stem Learning, Amanda Bastoni, Jayson Seaman, Andrew D. Coppens, Cindy Hartman, Kate Moscouver, Courtnie Lachaine

Faculty Publications

This article describes methods and findings from a study focused on youth living in rural communities in northern New Hampshire who struggle with accessing STEM learning opportunities for reasons including economic underinvestment and geographical isolation. These challenges also negatively impact researchers hoping to learn how rural youth benefit from informal STEM learning experiences, which contribute to low-project participation and retention rates. As in other amenity-rich rural areas, the communities in this study are promoting outdoor recreation as a vehicle for economic development. We wanted to understand if outdoor recreation activities tied to economic growth initiatives — activities which youth have …

On The Origin Of The Sudden Heliospheric Open Magnetic Flux Enhancement During The 2014 Pole Reversal, Stephan G. Heinemann, Mathew J. Owens, Manuela Temmer, James A. Turtle, Charles N. Arge, Carl J. Henney, Jens Pomoell, Eleanna Asvestari, Jon A. Linker, Cooper Downs, Ronald M. Caplan, Stefan J. Hofmeister, Camilla Scolini, Rui F. Pinto, Maria S. Madjarska

Faculty Publications

Coronal holes are recognized as the primary sources of heliospheric open magnetic flux (OMF). However, a noticeable gap exists between in situ measured OMF and that derived from remote-sensing observations of the Sun. In this study, we investigate the OMF evolution and its connection to solar structures throughout 2014, with special emphasis on the period from September to October, where a sudden and significant OMF increase was reported. By deriving the OMF evolution at 1 au, modeling it at the source surface, and analyzing solar photospheric data, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the observed phenomenon. First, we establish a …

Likely Common Coronal Source Of Solar Wind And 3he-Enriched Energetic Particles: Uncoupled Transport From The Low Corona To 0.2 Au, D G. Mitchell, M E. Hill, D J. Mccomas, C M S Cohen, Nathan A. Schwadron, P S. Mostafavi, W H. Matthaeus, N E. Raouafi, S T. Al-Nussirat, D E. Larson, A Rahmati, J C. Kasper, P L. Whittlesey, R Livi, S D. Bale, M Pulupa, J Giacalone, R L. Mcnutt, E R. Christian, M E. Wiedenbeck, T Sharma

Faculty Publications

Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of a small dispersive event on 2022 February 27 and 28 indicate scatter-free propagation as the dominant transport mechanism between the low corona and greater than 35 solar radii. The event occurred during unique orbital conditions that prevailed along specific flux tubes that PSP encountered repeatedly between 25 and 35 Rs during outbound orbit 11. This segment of the PSP orbit exhibits almost stationary angular motion relative to the rotating solar surface, such that in the rotating frame, PSP’s motion is essentially radial. The time dispersion often observed in impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events …

Factors Affecting Iodine Content Of Cow Milk-A Review, Mmh Khandakar, Ma Islam

Faculty Publications

This review discusses the importance of iodine as an essential nutrient for human health and the factors that can influence the concentration of iodine in cow milk. For an adult, the daily recommended requirement of iodine is 150 µg/day and the maximum tolerable limit ranges from 600 to 1100 µg/day. Cow milk is a significant source of iodine in many countries, particularly in areas where iodine-rich foods are not readily available. Therefore, evaluating the variables that affect the iodine content of cow milk is important. The iodine concentration of cow milk can vary depending on several factors such as genetics, …

Science Opportunities For Imap-Lo Observations Of Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen And Deuterium During A Maximum Of Solar Activity, M A. Kubiak, M Bzowski, E Möbius, Nathan A. Schwadron

Faculty Publications

Direct-sampling observations of interstellar neutral gas, including hydrogen and deuterium, have been performed for more than one cycle of solar activity by IBEX. The IBEX viewing is restricted to directions perpendicular to the spacecraft–Sun line, which limits the observations to several months each year. This restriction is removed in the forthcoming mission called Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe. The IMAP-Lo instrument will have the capability of adjusting the angle of its boresight with the spacecraft rotation axis. We continue a series of studies of the resulting science opportunities. We adopt the schedule of adjusting the boresight angle suggested by Kubiak …

Science Opportunities For Imap-Lo Observations Of Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen And Deuterium During A Maximum Of Solar Activity, M A. Kubiak, M Bzowski, E Möbius, Nathan A. Schwadron

Faculty Publications

Direct-sampling observations of interstellar neutral gas, including hydrogen and deuterium, have been performed for more than one cycle of solar activity by IBEX. The IBEX viewing is restricted to directions perpendicular to the spacecraft–Sun line, which limits the observations to several months each year. This restriction is removed in the forthcoming mission called Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe. The IMAP-Lo instrument will have the capability of adjusting the angle of its boresight with the spacecraft rotation axis. We continue a series of studies of the resulting science opportunities. We adopt the schedule of adjusting the boresight angle suggested by Kubiak …

Correlation Of Coronal Mass Ejection Shock Temperature With Solar Energetic Particle Intensity, Manuel Enrique Cuesta, D J. Mccomas, L Y. Khoo, R Bandyopadhyay, T Sharma, M M. Shen, J S. Rankin, A T. Cummings, J R. Szalay, C M S Cohen, Nathan A. Schwadron, R Chhiber, F Pecora, W H. Matthaeus, R A. Leske, M L. Stevens

Faculty Publications

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events have been observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft since its launch in 2018. These events include sources from solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The IS⊙IS instrument suite on board PSP is measuring ions over energies from ∼ 20 keV nucleon−1 to 200 MeV nucleon−1 and electrons from ∼ 20 keV to 6 MeV. Previous studies sought to group CME characteristics based on their plasma conditions and arrived at general descriptions with large statistical errors, leaving open questions on how to properly group CMEs based solely on their plasma conditions. To help …

The Gyrokinetic Dispersion Relation Of Microtearing Modes In Collisionless Toroidal Plasmas, Benjamin D G Chandran, A A. Schekochihin

Faculty Publications

We solve the linearized gyrokinetic equation, quasineutrality condition and Ampere's law to obtain the dispersion relation of microtearing modes (MTMs) in collisionless low- $\beta$ toroidal plasmas. Consistent with past studies, we find that MTMs are driven unstable by the electron temperature gradient and that this instability drive is mediated by magnetic drifts. The dispersion relation that we derive can be evaluated numerically very quickly and may prove useful for devising strategies to mitigate MTM instability in fusion devices.

Correlation Of Coronal Mass Ejection Shock Temperature With Solar Energetic Particle Intensity, Manuel Enrique Cuesta, D J. Mccomas, L Y. Khoo, R Bandyopadhyay, T Sharma, M M. Shen, J S. Rankin, A T. Cummings, J R. Szalay, C M S Cohen, Nathan A. Schwadron, R Chhiber, F Pecora, W H. Matthaeus, R A. Leske, M L. Stevens

Faculty Publications

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events have been observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft since its launch in 2018. These events include sources from solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The IS⊙IS instrument suite on board PSP is measuring ions over energies from ∼ 20 keV nucleon−1 to 200 MeV nucleon−1 and electrons from ∼ 20 keV to 6 MeV. Previous studies sought to group CME characteristics based on their plasma conditions and arrived at general descriptions with large statistical errors, leaving open questions on how to properly group CMEs based solely on their plasma conditions. To help …

The Gyrokinetic Dispersion Relation Of Microtearing Modes In Collisionless Toroidal Plasmas, Benjamin D G Chandran, A A. Schekochihin

Faculty Publications

We solve the linearized gyrokinetic equation, quasineutrality condition and Ampere's law to obtain the dispersion relation of microtearing modes (MTMs) in collisionless low- $\beta$ toroidal plasmas. Consistent with past studies, we find that MTMs are driven unstable by the electron temperature gradient and that this instability drive is mediated by magnetic drifts. The dispersion relation that we derive can be evaluated numerically very quickly and may prove useful for devising strategies to mitigate MTM instability in fusion devices.

Elite Scholars Come Together To Share Research, Aaron Sanborn

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Examining The Utility Of The Early Childhood Development Index (Ecdi) Among Children In The Nigeria Context, Ngozi V. Enelamah, Smitha Rao, Margaret Lombe, Mansoo Yu, Chrisann Newransky, Chrisann Newransky, Melissa L. Villodas, Andrew Foell, Von Nebbitt

Faculty Publications

An estimated 6 million children under the age of five in Nigeria (out of nearly 31 million) risk not reaching their full developmental potential. The dearth of context-relevant measures poses a challenge to the planning and implementation of effective interventions. This study assesses the utility of the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) in Nigeria. We used the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys to track progress among 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 11,073); 3-year-old, 51%; female, 49%. Using random calibration samples, the results from psychometric tests indicate that while over half of the children were on track in their development based …

Escalating Uncertainties Require Institutional Transformation To Support Epistemological Pluralism, Jennifer F. Brewer, Holly M. Hapke

Faculty Publications

As marine conservation challenges intensify with accelerating anthropogenic change, informing public deliberation about difficult trade-offs requires commitment to epistemological pluralism. Robust integration of social sciences can improve the realism of policy debates by explicating a range of potential social-ecological outcomes. Funders have long incentivized interdisciplinarity, yet progress is insufficient and embedded in a political economy of knowledge production. Failure to substantively address inequities can stymie collaboration. Institutional expectations for promotion and tenure rarely recognize the extent to which deep engagement transforms epistemological norms and scholarly outputs. Several organizations and programs offer relevant experience and resources. Senior scholars can use their …

Escalating Uncertainties Require Institutional Transformation To Support Epistemological Pluralism, Jennifer F. Brewer, Holly M. Hapke

Faculty Publications

As marine conservation challenges intensify with accelerating anthropogenic change, informing public deliberation about difficult trade-offs requires commitment to epistemological pluralism. Robust integration of social sciences can improve the realism of policy debates by explicating a range of potential social-ecological outcomes. Funders have long incentivized interdisciplinarity, yet progress is insufficient and embedded in a political economy of knowledge production. Failure to substantively address inequities can stymie collaboration. Institutional expectations for promotion and tenure rarely recognize the extent to which deep engagement transforms epistemological norms and scholarly outputs. Several organizations and programs offer relevant experience and resources. Senior scholars can use their …

Monitoring Marsh Transformations With Drones, Rebecca Irelan

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Unh Research Finds Simpler And Cost-Effective Forensics Test To Help Identify Touch Dna, Robbin Ray

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

New Simpler And Cost-Effective Forensics Test Helps Identify Touch Dna, Robbin Ray

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

The Myth Of Tightening Credit Rating Standards In The Market For Corporate Debt, Karolina Krystyniak, Viktoriya Staneva

Faculty Publications

This study revisits the existing evidence of a downward trend in credit rating standards indicating that CRAs have become more conservative over time. We find that the time-series variation in the proxy for rating standards is mostly driven by the market-based variables in the model, specifically market capitalization and idiosyncratic volatility. We examine an alternative specification of the model, incorporating risk characteristics of rated firms relative to those of the average firm in the economy, and find it to have a higher explanatory power. Most importantly, we find little evidence of increased conservatism over time, in contrast to prior studies.

The Myth Of Tightening Credit Rating Standards In The Market For Corporate Debt, Karolina Krystyniak, Viktoriya Staneva

Faculty Publications

This study revisits the existing evidence of a downward trend in credit rating standards indicating that CRAs have become more conservative over time. We find that the time-series variation in the proxy for rating standards is mostly driven by the market-based variables in the model, specifically market capitalization and idiosyncratic volatility. We examine an alternative specification of the model, incorporating risk characteristics of rated firms relative to those of the average firm in the economy, and find it to have a higher explanatory power. Most importantly, we find little evidence of increased conservatism over time, in contrast to prior studies.

Virtual Leadership The Challenges And Strategies To Overcome Them, Amberlee Marie Smock

M.S. in Leadership

The purpose of this paper is to delve into the challenges faced by virtual leaders and provide recommendations for overcoming those challenges in order to enhance team performance and engagement in a remote work setting. I selected this research because I started a new job at the height of covid-19 and I was sent home to do a job I had no idea how to do. My research aims to contribute to the development of practical guidelines for virtual leaders and organizations. The challenges include communication and collaboration, trust, rapport and information sharing, managing conflicts, a sense of belonging and …

Assessing Forage Research And Education Needs Of Organic Dairy Farms In The United States, Eric Hatungimana, Heather M. Darby, Kathy J. Soder, Sara E. Ziegler, Andre F. Brito, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Heathcliffe Riday, E Charles Brummer

Faculty Publications

The viability of organic dairy operations in the United States (US) relies on forage production. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess producer and farm information regarding current forage production practices and producer knowledge gaps and (2) identify forage research and educational needs of organic dairy producers across the US. A survey was distributed to 643 organic dairy producers across the US, with 165 respondents (26% response rate). A focus group consisting of extension professionals, university researchers and staff, consultants, dairy industry representatives and organic dairy producers was also consulted for forage research needs. Results showed that approximately …

Assessing Forage Research And Education Needs Of Organic Dairy Farms In The United States, Eric Hatungimana, Heather M. Darby, Kathy J. Soder, Sara E. Ziegler, Andre F. Brito, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Heathcliffe Riday, E Charles Brummer

Faculty Publications

The viability of organic dairy operations in the United States (US) relies on forage production. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess producer and farm information regarding current forage production practices and producer knowledge gaps and (2) identify forage research and educational needs of organic dairy producers across the US. A survey was distributed to 643 organic dairy producers across the US, with 165 respondents (26% response rate). A focus group consisting of extension professionals, university researchers and staff, consultants, dairy industry representatives and organic dairy producers was also consulted for forage research needs. Results showed that approximately …

Improving Tools To Track Carbon Emissions, Maeve Gifford

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.