Digital Commons Network^™

Integrated Organic Management Of Cabbage Aphid On Brussels Sprouts, Alina Sophia Harris

Master's Theses and Capstones

Growers across the globe and in Northeastern United States have reported economically damaging populations of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) in Brussels sprouts (Brassicacea). The pest affects the Brassicacea family, which includes economically important agronomic, forage, horticultural, and forage crops. However, cabbage aphid management in certified organic systems is very challenging because tools are limited and reports evaluating efficacy of insecticides used in organic systems are sparse. There are natural insect predators and parasitoids of aphids that may serve as biological control agents whose populations can be augmented using insectary plants. Use of alyssum insectary intercropping has been successful for control …

Environmental Regulation Of Cyanobacteria Aerosols From Low Productivity Lakes, Katharine Lorena Langley

Master's Theses and Capstones

Cyanobacteria produce a range of toxins harmful to both humans and wildlife. Microcystins (MCs) are common and potent cyanotoxins that inhibit protein phosphatases in the liver. Chronic exposures can result in tumor promotion and cancer. Toxicity primarily follows ingestion of MCs, however inhalation may be an important secondary and compounding route of exposure to cyanotoxins. The LD50 of intratracheally applied MC-LR is 50x lower than the oral LD50. While MCs are well documented in water, little is known about cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in aerosols and the factors that regulate the movement of cells and toxins into the air. To begin …

Aliens, Aircraft, And Accuracies: Surveying For Understory Invasive Plants Using Unmanned Aerial Systems, Kathleen A. Moran

Master's Theses and Capstones

Invasive (alien) plants are introduced species that can cause harm to native ecosystems, industries, or human health. Managing invasive species requires knowing where they are, and early detection of new populations increases the likelihood of local eradication. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are an emerging remote sensing technology that can capture very high spatial resolution imagery, are easily deployed, and may offer a more efficient alternative to extensive ground surveys to locate invasive plants. Imagery collected with UAS has been used to map invasive plants in open canopy habitats, but has yet to be tested for mapping invasive plants in forest …

Divergent Controls On Stream Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Across A Land Use Gradient, Allison Herreid

Master's Theses and Capstones

Inland waters can be significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. However, considerable uncertainty remains in regional and global estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from freshwater ecosystems, particularly streams. Controls on GHG production in fluvial ecosystems, such as water chemistry and sediment characteristics, are also poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to quantify spatial and temporal variability in GHG concentrations in 20 streams across a landscape with considerable variation in land use and land cover. Stream water was consistently supersaturated in CO2, CH4, and N2O, suggesting that small …

Fungal Physiological Response To Temperature And Nitrogen Availability, Shana Whitney

Master's Theses and Capstones

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE; the proportion of assimilated C allocated towards biomass production) is a powerful regulator of global soil C stocks, and there is a need to integrate accurate and dynamic CUE parameters into C-cycling models. However, there is uncertainty in the CUE-response to warming and increased N deposition and how this response may vary among groups of microbes. Here, we conducted a laboratory incubation of ten photogenically diverse fungal isolates grown in liquid culture to evaluate potential environmental and physiological controls over CUE. Isolates were grown at 15ºC or 25ºC and under low or high N concentrations. …

Going Beneath The Surface: The Ecology Of Metalimnetic Cyanobacteria Layers In Three New Hampshire Lakes, Sabina Perkins

Master's Theses and Capstones

Cyanobacteria blooms take different forms: surface scums, subsurface epilimnetic blooms, benthic mats, and in some lakes, metalimnetic layers. There is limited field research on the seasonal behavior of metalimnetic layers and the contribution of layer-produced cyanotoxins to the overall toxin profile of New Hampshire lakes. Three lakes in New Hampshire were monitored monthly pre-summer stratification through post-fall mixis in 2018, tracking the formation and persistence of deep-water cyanobacteria layers and the physical/chemical/light environments where they were found. Cyanobacteria abundance and dominance were quantified through cell counts using an Imaging Flow Cytobot (IFCB) and with phycocyanin fluorescence estimates. Persistent, nearly monospecific …

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Heart Rates & Growth Of Sea Slugs In The Gulf Of Maine, Jennifer Leigh Gibson

Master's Theses and Capstones

In the next 80 years, sea surface temperatures are expected to increase by 1.5o to 2oC and ocean pH is expected to drop by 0.06 to 0.32 units, with exacerbated effects seen in coastal waters. Temperature increase has already forced organisms to shift their range polewards and ocean acidification has negatively affected calcifying organisms. Interactive effects, only more recently studied, vary depending on phylum and life cycle stage. This study examined both the upper thermal tolerance and interactive effect of temperature and acidification on the heart rate of five cold-water species of nudibranchs (Aeolidia papillosa, Cuthona gymnota, Dendronotus frondosus, Flabellina …

Observing The Oceans Acoustically, Bruce M. Howe, Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Eric Rehm, Hanne Sagen, Peter F. Worcester, Georgios Haralabus

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Acoustics play a central role in humankind’s interactions with the ocean and the life within. Passive listening to ocean “soundscapes” informs us about the physical and bio-acoustic environment from earthquakes to communication between fish. Active acoustic probing of the environment informs us about ocean topography, currents and temperature, and abundance and type of marine life vital to fisheries and biodiversity related interests. The two together in a multi-purpose network can lead to discovery and improve understanding of ocean ecosystem health and biodiversity, climate variability and change, and marine hazards and maritime safety. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) of sound generated and …

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, William A. Arigiroff, Donald R. Zak, Rima A. Upchurch, Sydney O. Salley, A. Stuart Grandy

Faculty Publications

Fine root litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM), which is a globally important pool of C that is responsive to climate change. We previously established that ~20 years of experimental nitrogen (N) deposition has slowed fine root decay and increased the storage of soil carbon (C; +18%) across a widespread northern hardwood forest ecosystem. However, the microbial mechanisms that have directly slowed fine root decay are unknown. Here, we show that experimental N deposition has decreased the relative abundance of Agaricales fungi (−31%) and increased that of partially ligninolytic Actinobacteria (+24%) on decaying fine roots. Moreover, …

Unh Manchester Summer Program Combines English Learning With Stem Skills, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

1 Fire & Ice Orientation, Christopher F. Bauer

Information for Users

No abstract provided.

Genome Sequence Of The Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus Radiophilus Atcc 27603, Claudia R. Maynard, Kyle S. Maclea

Faculty Publications

The pigmented bacterium Deinococcus radiophilus, which is highly resistant to radiation exposure, was first isolated from irradiated lizardfish. We report a genome assembly of D. radiophilus UWO 1055T (=ATCC 27603T), with a predicted genome size of 2.7 Mbp (62.66% G+C content). A number of CRISPR-associated proteins and two CRISPR arrays were identified.

Crabs In Peril, Beth Potier

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

The Long Trajectory, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations To Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, William R. Wieder, David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Gordon B. Bonan, Susan J. Cheng, Christine L. Goodale, A. Stuart Grandy, Charles D. Koven, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Keith W. Oleson, R. Quinn Thomas

Faculty Publications

Land models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon-nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and—the newly developed—5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta-analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in …

Lessons Ably Learned, Dave Moore

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

20 Years Of What Ifs, Jody Record

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Buzz Kill, Robbin Ray

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Learning What’S Possible, Jody Record

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Managing With Low Milk Prices: Three Areas That Can Help Your Bottom Line, Peter S. Erickson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nine Weeks To Start Changing The World, Jody Record

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Unh Launches New Center On Environmental Acoustics, Erika Mantz

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Listen Up, Unh, Rebecca Irelan

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Unh Alumni Team Wins Xprize, Beth Potier

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

2019 Staff Presidential Award Of Excellence, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Seafloor Mapping – The Challenge Of A Truly Global Ocean Bathymetry, Anne-Cathrin Wölfl, Helen Snaith, Sam Amirebrahimi, Colin W. Devey, Boris Dorschel, Vicki L. Ferrini, Veerle A. I. Huvenne, Martin Jakobsson, Jennifer Jencks, Gordon Johnston, Geoffroy Lamarche, Larry A. Mayer, David Millar, Terje Haga Pedersen, Kim Picard, Anja Reitz, Thierry Schmitt, Martin Visbeck, Pauline Weatherall, Rochelle Wigley

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Detailed knowledge of the shape of the seafloor is crucial to humankind. Bathymetry data is critical for safety of navigation and is used for many other applications. In an era of ongoing environmental degradation worldwide, bathymetry data (and the knowledge derived from it) play a pivotal role in using and managing the world’s oceans in a way that is in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 – conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. However, the vast majority of our oceans is still virtually unmapped, unobserved, and unexplored. Only a small …

Meet Your Milk At Unh Open Barn June 29, Lori Tyler Gula

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Unh Alumni Team Wins $4 Million Grand Prize With Pioneering Technology For Ocean Mapping, Robbin Ray

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Science And Academic Engagement During Incidents, Coastal Response Research Center

Coastal Response Research Center

On June 25^th- 26^th, 2019, CRRC and NOAA OR&R co-sponsored a workshop at the San Francisco State University, Estuary & Ocean Science Center’s Romberg Tiburon Bay Conference Center, in Tiburon CA. The workshop titled “Leveraging Science and Academic Engagement During Incidents”, focused on the integration of academic resources and expertise into a conventional oil spill response.

The goal of this workshop was to provide focused discussion regarding lessons learned from academic engagement during oil spill response, with participants from industry, government and academia.

Data Acquisition And Processing Report - Summer Hydro 2019, Jennifer A. Dijkstra, Center For Coastal And Ocean Mapping / Joint Hydrographic Center

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.