Digital Commons Network^™

Bipartisanship Of Mountain West Members Of Congress, 2013-2022, Eshaan Vakil, Issac Hernandez-Alcaraz, Katie Lim, Kristian Thymianos, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Elections & Governance

This fact sheet reports data on bipartisanship scores from the Bipartisan Index, a data collection produced by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University. We present data for members of Congress in the 113th to 117th Congresses (2013—2022) from Mountain West states (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah), and include additional analysis of members of Congress from Nevada.

Inpatient Physical Activity Across A Large University City Hospital: A Behavioral Mapping Study, Karin Valkenet, Prue Mcrae, Elja Reijneveld, Marielle Jans, Petra Bor, Lotte Van Delft, Daniel L. Young, Cindy Veenhof

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Background: Physical inactivity is common during hospitalization. Physical activity has been described in different inpatient populations but never across a hospital. Purpose: To describe inpatient movement behavior and associated factors throughout a single university hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed. Patients admitted to clinical wards were included. Behavioral mapping was undertaken for each participant between 9AM and 4PM. The location, physical activity, daily activity, and company of participants were described. Barriers to physical activity were examined using linear regression analyses. Results: In total, 345 participants from 19 different wards were included. The mean (SD) age was 61 (16) …

Acreage Of Foreign Owned Farmland In The Mountain West, 2020, Geneva Martin, Saha Salahi, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Housing & Real Estate

This fact sheet examines foreign-owned farmland in the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, as originally reported by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Farm Service Agency.

Compositionally And Density Stratified Igneous Terrain In Jezero Crater, Mars, Roger C. Wiens, Arya Udry, Olivier Beyssac, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Nicolas Mangold, 80+ Authors Contributed To This Work

Geoscience Faculty Research

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater’s floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which …

Health Rankings: Mountain West States, 2021, Hira Ahmed, Sofia Takhtadjian, Olivia K. Cheche, Elia Del Carmen Solano-Patricio, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

Using data from the United Health Foundation’s “America’s Health Rankings Annual Report 2021,” this fact sheet compares various measures of health in the Mountain West using data from 2014 to 2021. The original report includes data on the five determinants of health including social and economic factors, physical environment, clinical care, behaviors, and health outcomes. This fact sheet examines health metrics for the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.

An Automated System For Strain Engineering And Straintronics Of 2d Materials, Onur Çakıroğlu, Joshua O. Island, Yong Xie, Riccardo Frisenda, Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

This work presents an automated three-point bending apparatus that can be used to study strain engineering and straintronics in 2D materials. This work benchmarks the system by reporting reproducible strain tuned micro-reflectance, Raman, and photoluminescence spectra for monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). These results are in good agreement with reported literature using conventional bending apparatus. This work further utilizes the system to automate strain investigations of straintronic devices by measuring the piezoresistive effect and the strain effect on photoresponse in an MoS2 electrical device. The details of the construction of the straightforward system are given and it is anticipated that it …

Clinical Characteristics And Implications Of Bradycardia In Covid‐19 Patients Treated With Remdesivir: A Single‐Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Ariyon Schreiber, Justin S. Bauzon, Kavita Batra, Salman Mohammed, Kevin Lee, Nazanin Houshmand, Uyen Pham, Celica Cosme, Kim Inciong, Omar Al‑Taweel, Keaton Nasser, Jibran Rana, Chris Sossou, Ariel Go, Dalia Hawwass, Jimmy Diep, Chowdhury H. Ahsan

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background and Objectives: Remdesivir is an antiviral drug used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a relatively obscure cardiac efect profle. Previous studies have reported bradycardia associated with remdesivir, but few have examined its clinical characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate remdesivir associated bradycardia and its associated clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective study that investigated bradycardia in 600 patients who received remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19. A total of 375 patients were included in the study after screening for other known causes of bradycardia (atrioventricular [AV] nodal blockers). All patients were …

Housing Availability In Nevada, 2017-2022, Annie Vong, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Housing & Real Estate

This fact sheet examines data on housing availability across nine Nevada counties from 2017 to 2022. Eight Nevada counties are not represented in this fact sheet due to a lack of data in the original report. The original report by MarketWatch analyzes housing inventory from 2017 to 2022 and median list prices in 2022 across counties in the United States.

A Physics-Based Modeling Of A Hydraulically Amplified Electrostatic Actuator, Alexandrea Washington, Zakai Olsen, Ji Su, Kwang J. Kim

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

The focus of this study is to understand the physical phenomenon of the liquid-based electroactive polymer (EAP) actuator known as the Hydraulically Amplified Self-Healing Electrostatic (HASEL) actuator. Specifically, this study provides data in several areas, including the deformation of the film material, the dynamics of the dielectric liquid, and the electrical conditions within the actuator body. A two-dimensional model was developed in the finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics, to create a generalized physics-based framework that describes the actuation mechanism. Much of the predictive data agreed well with the experimental data, such as the electrode pull-in occurring at ∼4.5 kV and …

The Impact Of Psychosocial Stress On Maternal Health Outcomes: A Multi-State Prams 8 (2016-2018) Analysis, Blessing Chidiuto Lawrence, Anna Kheyfets, Keri Carvalho, Shubhecchha Dhaurali, Marwah Kiani, Alison Moky, Ndidiamaka Amutah-Onukagha

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Significant racial disparities persist in maternal morbidity rates, disproportionately affecting Black women. Experiencing high levels of stress during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for preterm birth, infant mortality, and preeclampsia. This study investigates the impact of psychosocial life stressors on maternal morbidity and racial disparities utilizing the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) dataset.

Methods: Participants (N=24,209) included were from Phase 8 (2016-2018) of the PRAMS survey across five states. Stressors were grouped into traumatic, partner-related, financial, or emotional. Maternal outcomes included gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, prenatal depression, and postpartum depression. The association between life stressors …

Low-Cost And Biodegradable Thermoelectric Devices Based On Van Der Waals Semiconductors On Paper Substrates, Gulsum Ersu, Carmen Munuera, Federico J. Mompean, Daniel Vaquero, Jorge Quereda, Jooao Elias Rodrigues, Jose A. Alonso, Eduardo Flores, Jose R. Ares, Isbael J. Ferrer, Adbullah M. Al-Enizi, Ayman Nafady, Sruthi Kuriakose, Joshua O. Island, Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper substrates. The devices are based on thin films of WS2, Te, and BP (P-type semiconductors) and TiS3 and TiS2 (N-type semiconductors), deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against paper. The thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of (+1.32 ± 0.27) mV K−1 and (−0.82 ± 0.15) mV K−1 for WS2 and TiS3, respectively. Additionally, Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P- and N-type films with graphite electrodes. A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K−1 was obtained when the Peltier …

Renewable Energy Legislation In Nevada: 2017 - 2021, Peter Grema, Zachary Walusek, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Environment

The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize legislative actions from the biennial 79th, 80th, and 81st Nevada Legislative Sessions (2017, 2019, and 2021) regarding solar energy production and state efforts to reach 50 percent energy production from renewable sources by 2030. By 2050, Nevada has a statutorily mandated obligation to be a net-zero carbon producer in fulfilling energy production needs from large scale utility services.

Death On The Job: Mountain West States, 2022, Miguel A. Soriano Ralston, Joshua Padilla, Saha Salahi, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet examines select data from the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) 2022 report, “Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect,” which reports on worker safety, health, and workplace fatalities. The original report provides a comprehensive national and state-by-state profile of workplace conditions in the United States. These data were originally reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This fact sheet highlights workforce fatalities and injuries in the Mountain West region (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah).

The Local Food Supply, Willingness To Pay And The Sustainability Of An Island Destination, Cathrine Linnes, Jeffrey Thomas Weinland, Giulio Ronzoni, Joseph Lema, Jerome Agrusa

Hospitality Faculty Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the trend toward purchasing locally grown food and evaluate if tourists visiting hawai’i are willing to pay more for locally produced foods that are more ecologically sustainable.

Design/methodology/approach: A research questionnaire was developed in order to investigate the attitudes and behaviors of tourists from the continental united states visiting hawai’i in purchasing locally grown food in hawai’i. the final sample includes 454 valid survey responses collected via momentive, a market research services company.

Findings: According to the findings of this study, there are economic prospects to expand the use of locally …

Computer And Broadband Internet Access In Nevada And The Mountain West, Peter Grema, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Transportation & Infrastructure

This fact sheet examines data on computer and broadband internet access throughout the Mountain West (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah). The original dataset from the United States Census Bureau is comprised of information from the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates on total households with a computer and broadband internet access for various geographic areas and demographic groups throughout the United States.

Comparison Of Biological Measurement And Physical Estimates Of Space Radiation In The International Space Station, Kayo Yoshida, Megumi Hada, Akane Kizu, Kohei Kitada, Kiyomi Eguchi-Kasai, Toshiaki Kokubo, Takeshi Teramura, Sachiko Yano, Hiromi Hashizum Suzuki, Hitomi Watanabe, Gen Kondoh, Aiko Nagamatsu, Premkumar Saganti, Francis A. Cucinotta, Takashi Morita

Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Research

Nowadays, ordinary people can travel in space, and the possibility of extended durations in an environment such as moon of the Earth and Mars with higher space radiation exposures compared to past missions, is increasing. Until now, the physical doses of space radiation have been measured, but measurement of direct biological effects has been hampered by its low dose and low dose-rate effect. To assess the biological effects of space radiation, we launched and kept frozen mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in minus eighty degree Celsius freezer in ISS (MELFI) on the International Space Station (ISS) for a maximum of …

The Potential Of Mixed-Species Biofilms To Address Remaining Challenges For Economically-Feasible Microalgal Biorefineries: A Review, Rebecca J. Wicker, Eilhann Kwon, Eakalak Khan, Vinod Kumar, Amit Bhatnagar

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Several key challenges are hindering large-scale cultivation of microalgae for industrial purposes, including wastewater treatment, carbon capture, biomass production, and renewable energy production. These challenges are closely related to efficacy of 1) resource utilization, 2) biomass production, and 3) harvesting. This review describes how attached or biofilm cultivation of microalgae and/or cyanobacteria with heterotrophic bacteria in consortia could simultaneously resolve these technical obstacles, thereby reducing monetary and energetic costs of producing microalgal bioenergy. Symbiotic relationships between these organisms reduces the need for aeration or exogenous supplementation of nutrients. Additionally, this review details how increasing biodiversity correlates with diversity of functionality …

Impact Of Self And Therapists’ Evaluation Of Responses To Miracle Question And Goal: Survey Of Japanese Undergraduate And Graduate Students, Gen Takagi, Taku Hiraizumi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Miki Hagidai

Translated Abstracts

درمان فشرده راه حل محور نوعی روان درمانی است که بر مشکل تمرکز نمی‌کند بلکه بر شفاف‌سازی وضعیت هدف و گسترش استثنائات متمرکز است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیرات ارزیابی مراجعین و درمانگران درباره شفاف‌سازی هدف درباره متغیرهایی است که در SFBT مهم تلقی می‌شوند. به طور کلی، 223 شرکت‌کننده به همه پرسشنامه‌ها پاسخ دادند و در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. نتایج این مطالعه همبستگی بین ارزیابی‌های فردی و درمانگران را برای تصورات مربوط به پرسش معجزه، ملموس بودن هدف آن و واقعیت هدف آن، نشان می‌دهد. از طرف دیگر، هیچ یک از روابط، همبستگی قدرتمندی نداشتند و این موضوع …

Fidelity Monitoring In The Solution Focused Wellness For Hiv (Sfwh) Intervention For Women, Helen T. Yates, Spencer Elise Lee

Translated Abstracts

روش‌های راه حل محور اغلب توسط پزشکان متعدد با انعطاف‌پذیری و سازگاری مختلفی درباره‌ی تنظیمات عملکردی خاص تفسیر می‌شوند (لهمن و باتون 2012). این انعطاف‌پذیری یکی از ویژگی‌هایی است که SFBT را تبدیل به رویکردی مراجع محور می‌کند و به عنوان یکی از ابعاد کلیدی موفق با نتایج مطلوب، برای مراجعان برجسته نشان داده شده است (فرانکلین و همکارانش 2017). استفاده از این رویکرد مشارکتی به دلیل استفاده SFBT از اصول ساخت‌گرایان اجتماعی در فرایند راه حل‌سازی امکان‌پذیر است (بلوند و سیمون 2015). ضمن تشویق انعطاف‌پذیری در اجرای SFBT، شناسایی اصول اساسی درمان، شامل تکنیک‌ها و ذهنیت‌های خاص، برای محققانی …

Solution-Focused Collective Action: A Response To Harry Korman, Peter De Jong, And Sara Smock Jordan, Solution-Focused Collective

Translated Abstracts

نسخه‌ی چاپ شده‌ی این مجله در جولای 2021 (شنان 2021) پاسخی به مقاله‌ی توسعه‌ی نظریه‌ی استیو دی شیزر (کورمان و همکارانش 2020) و همچنین پاسخی به جوابیه‌ی نویسندگان مقاله‌ است (کورمان و همکارانش 2021).

این نویسندگان پاسخ خود را به شرح زیر ارائه کردند: «پاسخ به گای شنان و اجماع راه حل محور». البته پاسخ گای پاسخی فردی بود و این مجموعه هیچ نقشی در نوشتن آن نداشتند (و از مطالعه‌ی مقاله‌ی او به نظر نمی‌رسد که گای چیز دیگری پیشنهاد کرده باشد). با این حال، با توجه به این که کورمان و همکارانش نظرات انتقادی در پاسخ‌شان به اظهارات …

Leave No Trace, Willful Unknowing, And Implications From The Ethics Of Sustainability For Solution-Focused Practice Outdoors, Stephan Natynczuk, Will Dobud

Translated Abstracts

مزایای بهره‌گیری از گفتار درمانی در خارج از منزل، به طورخاص در پاسخ به محدودیت‌های مربوط به کووید 19، هر روز بیشتر مشخص می‌شود و کارهایی که می‌توان به صورت چهره به چهره در خانه انجام داد، با افزایش آگاهی درباره مزایای حضور در فضاهای خارج از منزل، در حال بهبودی است (اورت دیویدسون 2021). در این فصل، ثبات اخلاقی درباره‌ی فعالیت‌های خارج از منزل را بررسی می‌کنیم تا بتوانیم استعاره‌هایی برای درمان‌های خارج از منزل به خصوص درمان‌های فشرده‌ی راه حل محور ارائه کنیم. ما کارمان را ابتدا با شیوه‌های کنونی که برای حفظ و حفاظت از محیط‌ها و …

Impact Of Self And Therapists’ Evaluation Of Responses To Miracle Question And Goal: Survey Of Japanese Undergraduate And Graduate Students, Gen Takagi, Taku Hiraizumi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Miki Hagidai

Translated Abstracts

La thérapie brève orientée sur les solutions est une psychothérapie qui ne se concentre pas sur le problème, mais sur la clarification de l'état désiré (l’objectif) et l'extension de l'exception. Le but de cette étude était d'examiner les effets des évaluations de la clarification des objectifs par les patients et les thérapeutes sur les variables considérées comme importantes dans la SFBT. Au total, 223 participants ont répondu à tous les questionnaires et ont fait l'objet de l'analyse. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré une corrélation entre les évaluations des clients et des thérapeuteset la formulation de la Question Miracle, …

Fidelity Monitoring In The Solution Focused Wellness For Hiv (Sfwh) Intervention For Women, Helen T. Yates, Spencer Elise Lee

Translated Abstracts

Les méthodes orientées vers les solutions sont souvent interprétées par différents praticiens avec un degré de flexibilité et d'adaptation à des contextes de pratique spécifiques (Lehmann & Patton, 2012). Cette flexibilité est l'une des caractéristiques qui font de la SFBT ou TBOS (Thérapie brève Orientée Solution) une approche très centrée sur le client et a été soulignée comme l'un des aspects clés de la co-construction réussie des résultats souhaités avec les clients (Franklin et al., 2017). Cette approche collaborative est possible grâce à l'utilisation par la SFBT des principes de construction sociale dans le processus de construction de solutions (Blundo …

Solution-Focused Collective Action: A Response To Harry Korman, Peter De Jong, And Sara Smock Jordan, Solution-Focused Collective

Translated Abstracts

L'édition de juillet 2021 de cette revue contenait à la fois une réponse (Shennan, 2021) à l'article Steve de Shazer's Theory Development (Korman et al., 2020), et une réponse à cette réponse par les auteurs de l'article initial (Korman et al., 2021 ). Ces auteurs ont donné à leur réponse le sous-titre : « A Response to Guy Shennan and the Solution Focused Collective », bien que la réponse de Guy ait été individuelle et que le Collectif n'ait joué aucun rôle dans sa rédaction (et d'après notre lecture de son article, il ne nous semble pas que Guy l’ait …

Leave No Trace, Willful Unknowing, And Implications From The Ethics Of Sustainability For Solution-Focused Practice Outdoors, Stephan Natynczuk, Will Dobud

Translated Abstracts

La thérapie par la parole en plein air devient de plus en plus populaire, notamment en réponse aux restrictions du COVID sur ce qui peut être fait en face-à-face à l'intérieur, et avec une prise de conscience croissante des avantages d'être en plein air dans la nature (Ewert & Davidson, 2021). Dans cet article, nous nous inspirons des principes éthiques de développement durable du secteur des activités de plein air pour rechercher des métaphores pour la pratique thérapeutique en plein air, en particulier la thérapie brève orientée solution. Nous commençons par ce qui est actuellement considéré comme une bonne pratique …

Impact Of Self And Therapists’ Evaluation Of Responses To Miracle Question And Goal: Survey Of Japanese Undergraduate And Graduate Students, Gen Takagi, Taku Hiraizumi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Miki Hagidai

Translated Abstracts

Lösungsfokussierte Kurztherapie ist eine Psychotherapie, die nicht auf das Problem konzentriert, sondern auf die Klärung des Zielzustands und die Erweiterung der Ausnahme. Zielsetzung dieser Studie war es, die Auswirkungen der Bewertung der Zielklärung durch Klient:innen und Therapeut:innen auf die in der SFBT als wichtig erachteten Variablen zu untersuchen. Insgesamt 223 Teilnehmer:innen, die alle Fragebögen bearbeiteten, waren Gegenstand der Analyse. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigten eine Korrelation zwischen Selbst- und Therapeut:inneneinschätzungen für die Vorstellung der Wunderfrage, die Konkretheit des Ziels und die Realität des Ziels. Andererseits war keine der Beziehungen stark korreliert, was bestätigt, dass sich die Selbsteinschätzung und die Einschätzung …

Fidelity Monitoring In The Solution Focused Wellness For Hiv (Sfwh) Intervention For Women, Helen T. Yates, Spencer Elise Lee

Translated Abstracts

Lösungsfokussierte Methoden werden oft von verschiedenen Praktikern mit einem gewissen Maß an Flexibilität und Anpassung an spezifische Praxisumgebungen interpretiert (Lehmann & Patton, 2012). Diese Flexibilität ist eines der Merkmale, die die SFBT zu einem sehr klientenzentrierten Ansatz machen und wurde als einer der Schlüsselaspekte für die erfolgreiche Ko-Konstruktion der gewünschten Ergebnisse mit den Klient:innen hervorgehoben (Franklin et al., 2017). Dieser kollaborative Ansatz ist möglich, weil die SFBT die Prinzipien der sozialen Konstruktion im Lösungsfindungsprozess anwendet (Blundo & Simon, 2015). Während die Flexibilität bei der Anwendung der SFBT geschätzt wird, ist die Identifizierung der Hauptgrundsätze der Therapie, einschließlich spezifischer Techniken und …

Solution-Focused Collective Action: A Response To Harry Korman, Peter De Jong, And Sara Smock Jordan, Solution-Focused Collective

Translated Abstracts

Die Juli 2021-Ausgabe dieses Journals enthielt sowohl eine Reaktion (Shennan, 2021) auf den Artikel „Steve de Shazer's Theory Development“ (Korman et al., 2020) als auch eine Replik darauf von den Autor:innen des Artikels (Korman et al., 2021). Die Autor:innen gaben ihrer Antwort den Untertitel „Eine Replik auf Guy Shennan und das lösungsfokussierte Kollektiv“, obwohl Guys Reaktion eine individuelle war und das Kollektiv keine Rolle in seinem Text spielte (und nach unserem Leseverständnis seines Artikels scheint uns nicht, dass Guy etwas anderes vorgeschlagen hat). Da Korman et al. in ihrer Erwiderung zu unserem Manifest (Solution-Focused Collective, 2019/2021) einige kritische Anmerkungen gemacht …

Leave No Trace, Willful Unknowing, And Implications From The Ethics Of Sustainability For Solution-Focused Practice Outdoors, Stephan Natynczuk, Will Dobud

Translated Abstracts

Gesprächstherapien im Freien werden immer beliebter, nicht zuletzt als Reaktion auf die COVID-Beschränkungen in Bezug auf das, was in geschlossenen Räumen face-to-face durchgeführt werden kann, und angesichts des wachsenden Bewusstseins für die Vorzüge des Aufenthalts draußen in der Natur (Ewert & Davidson, 2021). In diesem Beitrag stützen wir uns auf die Ethik der Nachhaltigkeit aus dem Bereich der Outdoor-Aktivitäten, um nach Metaphern für die therapeutische Praxis im Freien zu suchen, insbesondere für die lösungsfokussierte Kurztherapie. Wir beginnen mit dem, was derzeit als gute Praxis für die Erhaltung und den Schutz der von uns genutzten Umgebungen und Lebensräume angesehen wird. Dann …

Impact Of Self And Therapists’ Evaluation Of Responses To Miracle Question And Goal: Survey Of Japanese Undergraduate And Graduate Students, Gen Takagi, Taku Hiraizumi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Miki Hagidai

Translated Abstracts

焦點解決短期治療此一心理治療取向，並不關注於問題，而是關注當事人目標狀態的澄清和例外的拓展。本研究目的旨在探討：當事人和治療師對目標澄清的評估，對於SFBT看重的一些重要變項，其影響效果為何。共有223 名研究參與者完成本研究所有相關變項的問卷填寫。研究結果指出，自我（self）、治療師對奇蹟問句想像力的評估、目標的具體性、以及目標的現實性之間，彼此相關，然而，各變項之間的相關並不強，不過，這也證實了自我評估與治療師的評估兩者之間，存在著一定程度的差異。再者，治療師的目標相關評估，對於解決之道的構建、解決導向、以及因果分析，有著正向影響；與奇蹟問句、目標有關的自我評估，對於自我效能及問題解決（probelm-sovling）程度，亦有著正向影響。這些研究發現乃支持了：與奇蹟問句、目標有關之自我與治療師評估，對於解決問題，具有不同的、多元的影響效果。