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Editors' Introduction

Nebraska Law Review

The 1975 Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise Lectures were delivered by Professor Hans A. Linde at the University of Nebraska College of Law on September 30 and October 1, 1975. The lecture series, initiated in 1960, is funded by the estate which the late Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., bequeathed to the United States. Professor Linde advances the thesis that the role of the due process clause in lawmaking is to insure procedural safeguards in the enactment of laws and not to restrict the means and ends of policy constitutionally available to legislators.

Publicly Funded Transportation For Parochial School Students: New Issues, Roberta S. Stick

Nebraska Law Review

America is "one nation under God." Yet, running contrary to this strain is our equally firm commitment to the concept of separation of church and state. This heritage reflects our founding fathers' fear of the dangers presented by church interference with state affairs and of the inhibiting effect state involvement would have on religious freedom. The first amendment to the Federal Constitution was written to afford protection from both of these evils, and the judiciary has staunchly upheld the concepts embodied in it. One manifestation of this had been the reluctance of the United States Supreme Court to permit the …

The True Story Of What Happens When The Big Kids Say, "It's My Football, And You'll Either Play By My Rules Or You Won't Play At All": Kapp V. National Football League, 390 F. Supp. 973 (N.D. Cal. 1974), Keith A. Prettyman

Nebraska Law Review

Professional football exists on all levels as a league sport. The importance of that simple statement is manifest. First, it means that football is not a loose confederation of independent personnel rosters but an organization of interdependent units. Furthermore, if a team is to continue in existence, it must remain competitive with every other team in its league. As a result, if all or at least the majority of teams in a league fail to maintain competitive equality, not only the lackluster teams but the league as well will probably face extinction. In an effort to maintain the competitive lifeblood …

A Setback For Environmental And Other Public Interest Plaintiffs: Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. V. The Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240 (1975), Robert L. Matthews

Nebraska Law Review

In Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. The Wilderness Society, the United States Supreme Court struck a severe blow to public interest litigation, particularly in the area of environmental law, by eliminating the "private attorney general" exception to the American rule. Although the American rule required parties in judicial proceedings to pay their own attorneys' fees, this exception had arisen which permitted public interest claimants to be awarded attorneys' fees. This article discusses the holding in Alyeska and examines the legal precedents and policy considerations of the private attorney general concept in order to demonstrate that the Supreme Court should …

Personalized System Of Instruction (Psi): An Alternative, James G. Buterbaugh, Robert Fuller

Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), or Keller Plan, Materials

Buterbaugh and Fuller discuss the Personalized System of Instruction--what it is, how it can (or cannot) be evaluated, and some problems which may be encountered with its use. If the lecture-taught course has instructors meeting the students as adversaries, continually answering redundant questions, haggling over half-credit for half-correct answers, and generally finding most students being inhibited by the lock-step timing of a lecture course, then PSI is an alternative. Extensive acceptance and employment of this alternative mode of instruction should cause instructional developers to take another look at the essential features of the system. PSI has been widely employed by …

Introduction To The Calculus-Based Physics Modules, Robert Fuller

Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), or Keller Plan, Materials

MODULE AUTHORS

OWEN ANDERSON  Bucknell University
STEPHEN BAKER  Rice University
VAN BLEUMEL  Worcester Polytechnic Institute
FERNAND BRUNSCHWIG  Empire State College
DAVID JOSEPH  University of Nebraska - Lincoln
ROBERT KARPLUS  University of California - Berkeley
MICHAEL MOLONEY  Rose Hulman Institute of Technology
JACK MUNSEE  California State University - Long Beach
GARY NEWBY  Boise State University
IVOR NEWSHAM  Olivet Nazarene College
WILLIAM SNOW  University of Missouri - Rolla
WILLARD SPERRY  Central Washington State College
ROBERT SWANSON  University of California - San Diego
JAMES TANNER  Georgia Institute of Technology
DAVID WINCH  Kalamazoo College

These modules were prepared by the module authors at a …

Introduction To Workshop On Physics Teaching And The Development Of Reasoning, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

Are physics teachers in high schools, colleges, and universities knowledgeable concerning the reasoning patterns their students use? The personal experiences of many instructors and research carried out during the last few years indicate that a substantial fraction of physics students have difficulty applying functional relationships among variables, considering all necessary combinations of experimental and theoretical conditions of a problem, and examining their own reasoning critically to locate possible errors. The theory of intellectual development formulated by the Swiss psychologist and epistemologist Jean Piaget deals with these matters and can therefore be of help to physics teachers. We have prepared these …

Module 2: Concrete And Formal Thought, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

Observations of many children and young people attempting to perform problem-solving tasks have led Jean Piaget and other psychologists to formulate theories concerning the mental processes an individual uses to deal with problem situations. In this module, we shall introduce you briefly to stages of reasoning, a feature of Piaget 's theory we consider important for physics teachers.

Module 3: Proportional Reasoning, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

In Piaget' s theory, concrete operational thought is characterized by serial ordering , simple classification, and conservation logic applied directly to objects. A concrete thinker doing a Piagetian task must be able to observe objects and/or manipulate them. Formal operational thought involves proportional reasoning , separation of variables, elimination of contradictions, and class inclusion or exclusion operations. A formal thinker is able to work in situations where he does nor deal with tangible objects. The formal thinker can apply the operations used by a concrete thinker, but goes beyond these operations when solving problems.

Module 6: Analysis Of Learning Materials, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

Module 6 continues with the application of the concept of developmental stages in your physics teaching. The module concentrates on the analysis of physics texts and film loops, which provide important instructional inputs for students. As you read the excerpts we have selected for your review, keep in mind the characteristics of concrete and formal thought explained in Module 2. Also, remember that all students, regardless of their developmental stage, will find the text easier and will understand a new topic in a more broadly-based way if they can progress gradually from a concrete view of the subject. Of course, …

Module 7: Self-Regulation, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

How can students be made made aware of their own reasoning? This question identifies one aspect of formal thought. It must be answered if students are to proceed to formal thought by self-regulation, the process whereby an individual advances from one stage of reasoning to the next. We have alluded to self-regulation in several of the earlier modules, but concentrated on the characteristic reasoning patterns associated with each stage. In this module we shall describe self-regulation in detail.

Module 11: Suggested Reading, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

This module contains reprints of several articles related to the ideas of stages of development and self-regulation and a bibliography of books and articles that you may wish to study after you complete the workshop.

This module contains the following materials:

1. Reading list of suggested books and articles.

2. Are Colleges Concerned with Intellectual Development?
Joe W. McKinnon, Oklahoma City University
John W. Renner, University of Oklahoma
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 39: 1047 (September 1971)


3. Piagetian Theory and Instruction in Physics
John W. Renner and Anton E. Lawson
THE PHYSICS TEACHER, 11: 165 (March 1973)

4. Promoting Intellectual …

Workshop On Physics Teaching And The Development Of Reasoning: Complete Set Of Modules, Francis P. Collea, Robert Fuller, Robert Karplus, Lester G. Paldy, John W. Renner

Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning: Workshop Materials

The titles of the eleven workshop modules are as follows:

I. How Students Think
2. Concrete and Formal Thought
3. Proportional Reasoning of College Students
4. "Formal Thought"
5. Analysis of Physics Problems
6. Analysis of Instructional Materials
7. Self-Regulation
8. Learning Activities for Self-Regulation
9. Analysis of Physics Concepts
10. Teaching Goals and Strategies
11. Suggested Reading

The work is 135 pages; the pdf file is 19 Mbytes.

Thermometry And Heat Transport In The Human Body, Thomas C. Campbell, Norman J. Chonacky

Physical Science Modules for Bioscience Students

We've all grown up with sensations of hot and cold. You receive such specific sensations from touching objects, but also a generalized sensation from your environment. Thus, you may say: "This is hot; that is cold." But also, you say: "I am hot (cold, clammy, chilly, etc.)." These sensations are judgements about thermal conditions from the psychological point of view.

From the physical point of view, heat is transported energy; the body is an engine which transforms chemical energy to mechanical energy, and in doing so produces a residual amount of thermal energy from which the body must continually divest …

Instructor's Guide To The Thermal Physics Module Cluster Of The Physical Science Modules For Bioscience Students Project

Physical Science Modules for Bioscience Students

These instructional materials are produced as part of a study of bioscience applications in physics and manners of presenting them to interested students and instructors. You will aid this endeavor greatly if you try using these materials in one of the three use modes listed on the cover sheet of this guide, and by reporting your (and students') results in the appropriate questionnaire. It would also be useful to us for you to critically annotate the study materials as you (and students) read them (write on the document), and return these to the project office. Duplicate, fresh materials can be …

Crane River, Jon Farrar

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Photo-essay on the sandhill crane. Includes narrative description of the birds' migration habits and lifestyle.

The Deer Of Nebraska, Karl Menzel, Ken Bouc

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Nebraska's appearance today is greatly changed from its territorial, prestate days; so much so that it is difficult to imagine our vast, grass-covered plains without today's cities, roads, fences, farm and ranch buildings and other contributions of progress. This "sea of grass" of yesteryear was liberally sprinkled with sunflowers, wild legumes, wild rose, buckbrush and other low-growing shrubs. Streams in central and eastern Nebraska - the Loups, Cedar, Dismal, Calamus, Blue, Nemaha, Elkhorn, Niobrara and many of their tributaries - added variety by supporting a scruby growth of wild plum and chokecherry along their banks. Timbered areas were restricted to …

Raising Wood Ducks, Richard L. Nelson

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Numbered among Nature's most colorful creatures, wood ducks willingly accept a helping hand from man in establishing new homes. These birds adapt well to suitable habitat, and you can play an important part in bringing the wood duck to locations where they do not now nest. For groups or individuals who are willing to expend the effort necessary to undertake a wood duck restoration project anti see it to completion, it is an exceptional gift from today's generation to those of decades and centuries to come. Many areas in Nebraska provide suitable wood duck habitat, but do not have a …

Threatened Fishes Survey, Steve Schainost

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The advance of civilization frequently results in activities which cause changes in the native wildlife species. The economy of the state of Nebraska has submitted its streams to the effects of intensive agricultural and irrigation developments, stream channelization, and dams. The responses of different fish species to these different activities vary but they always occur and are usually unnoticed unless of large magnitude.

Relatively little has been done with regard to noting the responses of Nebraska’s stream fishes to the activities of man. Previous workers have frequently worked within a basin rather than statewide. Jordan and Meek (1885), Jordan and …

Federal And State Regulations Pertaining To Systematic Collections. I. A Case Of Inadvertent Violation Of Federal Regulations, Jerry R. Choate, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

First paragraph:

On 25 April 1975, at the twenty-second annual meeting of SWAN (i.e. Southwestern Association of Naturalists), at the University of Oklahoma Biological Station, President Keith A. Arnold appointed one of us (Choate) to investigate current regulations pertaining to collection and transport of scientific specimens in the region of representation (including Mexico) or SWAN. This charge involves both Federal and State laws, several of which are undergoing change and many of which doubtlessly are not familiar to the membership of SWAN. In order that SWAN members might be made aware of these regulations and not unwittingly commit violations, it …

Ralph Mueller Planetarium Presents Ufo Program, Jack A. Dunn, Harvey L. Gunderson

University of Nebraska State Museum: Programs Information

In 1974 the Ralph Mueller planetarium presented a program on the subject of UFOs. This program was difficult to produce because of the extremely subjective nature of the topic. It would have been easy to slant such a program in one of two ways. The program might label all persons seeing UFOs as "wild-eyed kooks"; or it could swing to the other extreme, where all testimony and "evidence" are accepted without attempting to subject it to scientific scrutiny. This information, then, is presented in the hope that the reader will realize that the subject can and is being studied in …

Robert Fletcher Gilder: Archeologist For The Museum, Martha Haack, Arthur H. Wolf, Harvey L. Gunderson

University of Nebraska State Museum: Programs Information

With the 1974 donation by Omaha's Joslyn Art Museum of a large collection of artifacts to the University of Nebraska State Museum, a chapter in the history of early archeological work in Nebraska was made complete. The artifacts were collected by Robert F. Gilder in the course of his archeological explorations of 1907-1912. Considering Gilder's long association with the Museum and the fact that much of the pioneering work in Nebraska archeology is unknown to most Nebraskans, a brief discussion of Gilder's life and works is offered.

Water Current, Volume 7, No. 1, January 1975

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Conference Held on Research in Action
NWRRI Research Seminar
Nebraska First in NPDES Program
Resignations and Retirements from OWRT
Future Water Crisis Noted
Horton Outlines Federal Water Policy
Research Review: Seasonsal Water Use of Irrigated Pasture Grasses Under Permanent-Set Irrigation as Related to Climatic Factors

Ampère's Law

Calculus-Based General Physics

Everyone has seen a bar magnet in the form of a compass or a door catch. Anyone who has ever casually played with magnets or magnetic toys knows that magnets interact with other magnets; i.e., a magnet experiences a force caused by thp presence of an external magnetic field produced by the other magnet. A wire carrying a current experiences a force caused by the presence of a nearby magnet (as you saw in the module Magnetic Forces). We then expect the converse to also hold true, i.e., that the bar magnet will also experience a force from the presence …

Capacitors

Calculus-Based General Physics

Capacitors are important components of electronic circuits and of electrical machinery and power grids. You can find large oil-insulated capacitors on powerline poles or small ceramic-insulated capacitors in a radio. In each application the capacitor is used to store electrical charge and electrical energy - for example, sometimes for a short time in an alternating-current cycle, sometimes for a long time until the energy is needed, as in a strobe light for a camera. Your body can be a capacitor, storing up enough charge and energy to cause a painful spark when the capacitor discharqes.

Practical capacitors are basically two …

Equilibrium Of Rigid Bodies

Calculus-Based General Physics

Most of the objects that one sees are in a state of equilibrium, that is, at rest or in a state of uniform motion. Many man-made structures are designed to achieve and sustain a state of equilibrium, and this, in turn, sets requirements to the materials (their sizes and shapes) that can be used. This module will give you some practice in analyzing the forces that result in equilibrium. From this analysis, if you are given the values of an appropriate set of forces you can find the remaining ones. On the other hand, in designing a stable system you …

Inductance

Calculus-Based General Physics

Anyone who has ever grabbed an automobile spark-pluq wire at the wrong place, with the engine running, has an appreciation of the ability of a changinq current in (part of) a coil of wire to induce an emf in the coil. What happens is that the breaker contacts open, suddenly interrupting the current, and causing a sudden large change in the magnetic field through the coil; according to Faraday's law, this results in a (large) induced emf. In general, the production of an emf in a coil by a changing magnetic field due to a current in that same coil …

Introduction To Quantum Physics

Calculus-Based General Physics

You have probably encountered a system known as an "electric eye," which senses light from an artificial source or the sun. This information is used to open doors, count pedestrian or auto traffic, turn on lights at sunset, read holes in punched card, and for a host of other applications. Most of these devices are based on the photoelectric effect, which is the light-induced emission of electrons from atoms.

The photoelectric effect completely baffled physicists at the time of its discovery. Einstein's explanation of this process, which won the Nobel Prize in 1921, was a major part of the twentieth-century …

Maxwell's Predictions

Calculus-Based General Physics

With this module, you will reach a milestone in your study of electromagnetic phenomena. From past modules, you now have (at your fingertips, hopefully!) the same basic laws of electromagnetism that Maxwell collected together in the nineteenth century. However, as powerful as these laws were, Maxwell found that there was a basic flaw -- a logical inconsistency -- in the one known as Ampere's law. He was able to deduce (in advance of any direct experimental test) precisely the correction that was needed. With this correction, the addition of what is called the "displacement-current" term to Ampere's law, it follows …

Reflection And Refraction

Calculus-Based General Physics

Sight is certainly one of our most important senses and depends on the interaction of electromagnetic waves in the visible portion of the spectrum with the eye. The use of materials that reflect light and that refract or "bend" light extends throughout our industrialized society. In this module we deal with light traveling in two dimensions and encounterinq the boundaries between media under those conditions in which the wavelength is small compared with the size of the obstacles or apertures. Under such conditions, since diffraction and interference effects are negligible, the principal phenomena occurring at the interfaces, reflection and refraction, …