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Control Of The Oregon Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Beldingi Oregonus), Warren C. Sauer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Attempts to reduce populations of Spermophilus beldingi oregonus have centered around the application of Compound 10.80 and strychnine baits. Additional population reduction techniques were investigated for possible employment into the squirrel program. Techniques which show much promise are: hand baited chopped gree bait (.01% chlorophacinone) broadcast (10 pounds per acre) and hand baited grain bait with .01% chlorophacinone and .05% fumarin, and bait stations using .01%, .05% chlorophacinone grain bait (100 and 200 foot spacing) and .05% fumarin grain bait (100 foot spacing).

In addition, the concentration of Compound 1080 on chopped green bait can be reduced to 1/4 oz. …

Operational Aspects Of Successful Ground Squirrel Control By Aerial Application Of Grain Bait, Conrad Schilling

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

By County Ordinance the County Agricultural Commissioner has been charged with rodent suppression in Fresno County, California. For nine years personnel from the Agricultural Commissioner's Office have conducted a county operated and funded program of ground squirrel suppression through the use of aerially applied zinc phosphide treated squirrel oat groats. Planning procedures, relative costs and operational aspects of the program are outlined. This technique of ground squirrel suppression has been shown to have many advantages over hand application of rodent baits. No known hazards to non-target wildlife species have been demonstrated.

Opening Comments—Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference. We are pleased that the American Society for Testing and Materials held its first Symposium on Test Methods for Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials in conjunction with our Conference, and we congratulate Symposium Chairman Rex Marsh for the excellent program that was presented. The concerns and challenges of today's society mandate that we be knowledgeable and up-to-date concerning the use of vertebrate pest damage control methods and materials and the impacts of our programs on the environment.

Keynote Address—The Role Of Education In Vertebrate Pest Control, Gustav A. Swanson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Lack of adequate information is emphasized as a major problem in attaining effective control of damage by vertebrate pests, and it is stressed that the problem is widespread in all elements of the public, including those directly involved, like producers and government officials, as well as those only indirectly involved, like the average citizen. A number of specific examples are cited to illustrate the problems of uninformed or inadequately informed publics.

The Cost Of Predator Damage Control Using Trapping As The Primary Control Technique, Ronald A. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

The justification and economics of the operational animal damage control program in California as conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are discussed. Emphasis is given to the necessity for use of the steel trap. Nearly 83 percent of the depredators are taken by trapping. Annual agricultural losses due to predation were estimated at $4.7 million in California for Fiscal Year 1975. The projected cost-benefit ratio was 1:3.9.

Agricultural Experiment Station News March 1976

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS – February 1976
BULLETINS PRINTED

Control Methods For Nuisance Beaver In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Strychnine alkaloid baits were consumed by both captive and wild beaver without any apparent hesitation. An approximate minimal acute lethal dose of sodium monofluoro-acetate to beaver of mixed ages and sex was 0.202 mg/kg. Trapping beaver on four study area watersheds in Alabama with No. 330 conibear traps for approximately two weeks in winter during two successive years essentially eliminated beaver. Older individuals were trapped the first year, maturing juveniles and the remaining few adults were trapped the second year, and there was very little reproduction between the trapping periods. Trapping, with its recreational appeal, and income and food potential …

Duration And Intermittancy Of Noise Exposure For The Operator Of A Self Propelled Baler, Lyle Koester, Kenneth Von Bargen

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Evaluation of the noise exposure of agricultural machine operators requires that machine operation time and intermittancy of work patterns be determined. One method of obtaining such data is by using event activity recorders. These data are available for haying machines operated at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead during the 1963 through 1966 seasons. Approximately 60 machine operator days per season were recorded on service recorder charts for the following machines:
1. self-propelled windrowers
2. self-propelled and pull-type balers
3. self-propelled and pull-type bale wagons
In addition some motion-time study data are available for the newer loose hay stackers …

Notes On The Biology Of Euphoriaspis Hirtipes (Horn) And Descriptions Of The Larva And Pupa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Euphoriaspis hirtipes (Horn) is a myrmecophilous scarab that occurs only in portions of the prairie region of the central United States. The immature stages are passed within the thatch nests of the genus Formica. The eggs remain unknown, but the third instar larva and the pupa are described and illustrated.

A Revision Of The Genus Strategus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The New World genus Strategus Kirby is here defined and revised for the first time. Eight species are described as new: S. atlanticus, S. caymani, S. craigi, S. hipposiderus, S. howdeni, S. longichomperus, S. symphenax, and S. tarquinius; 12 new junior synonyms are established (including the rejection of six previously valid species); one species is raised from synonymy; and two new replacement names are proposed. Strategus now contains one fossil species and 31 valid extant species. A key to the males and females of all the species is provided for the first time. All taxa are described or redescribed …

Department Of Entomology Newsletter - No. 4, 1976, Lyle E. Klostermeyer Editor

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

The Newsletter Committee has succeeded in documenting departmental activities in an outstanding manner. All of us in the department appreciate the wonderful efforts and many hours spent by the Newsletter Committee: Brett Ratcliffe, Ron Rivers, Bruce Monke, Tim Miller and particularly the leadership of Lyle Klostermeyer as Committee Chairman. The typing assistance of our secretarial staff is greatly appreciated. The many changes in personnel and programs that have taken place during the period since the 1968 publication of Departmental Newsletter No.3 are well covered in various sections of the newsletter. We also compliment the Committee on their choice of dedicating …

G76-308 Principles Of Beef Cattle Selection, H.A. Fitzhugh, Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Selection of superior seedstock leads to lasting genetic improvement by increasing the frequency of "desirable" genes and decreasing frequency of "undesirable" genes. The definition of "desirable" varies. Nature favors genes which improve fitness to survive and thrive in the natural environment. Man should favor genes which improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production.

The concepts, definitions, formulas and symbols that are the tools necessary for effective selection programs are discussed in this publication.

Water Current, Volume 8, No. 1, January/February 1976

Water Current Newsletter

Evolving Groundwater Management Policies
Water Resources Seminars
1976 Water Conference
Water Research in Nebraska
OWRT Seeks Applications for One-Year Appointment as Research Scholar
Nonpoint Sources Causing Water Quality Problems
Research Review: Mapping Model for Determining Land Suitable for Irrigation

Investigations Of The Ichthyofauna Of Nicaraguan Lakes: Frontmatter

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Dedication
Commentary on this Compendium
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Contents

Chemical Analyses Of Some Crater Lakes In Relation To Adjacent Lake Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Dale Roberts

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In spite of the wide interest by naturalists in the Great Lakes of Nicaragua their limnology has received little study. Cole (1976) has reviewed the literature and contributed new data and interpretations. Our paper adds to his larger work by presenting chemical analyses of Lake Nicaragua and some of the small crater lakes near it. These smaller lakes have been neglected. The only information published about them is a fragmentary table in Riedel (1964), giving some comparative data on surface area, circumference, and depth.

Species Diversity And Distribution Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Kurt W. Koenig, Richard J. Beatty, Sergio Martinez C.

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The results of a preliminary study of the abundance, diversity and distribution of some of the fish species in Lake Nicaragua are presented here. These parameters have received little attention from investigators working on the lake.
A frequently used measure of species diversity is the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. It measures the degree of uncertainty of predicting the species identity of a randomly selected individual (Pielou, 1966). Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) indicated that species diversity indices are influenced by both the species number, or "richness", and the species "evenness", or relative number of individuals of a species in a given habitat. …

Pigments Of A Color Polymorphism In A Cichlid Fish, Robert Webber, George W. Barlow, Alan H. Brush

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

1. Cichlasoma citrinellum occurs as gray or gold morphs in lakes in Nicaragua. The gold morph is variable and individuals range from yellow to dark orange.
2. The pigments responsible for the carotenoid coloration are E-carotene and canthaxanthin. The gray morph contains a carotenoid component and also heavy melanin deposits.
3. The carotenoids are dietary in origin, but their distribution and intensity is presumably under genetic control.
4. The relation of color morphs to the ecological and selective forces which might produce them is discussed.

Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

We have described elsewhere the ontogeny of behavior of young Cichlasoma citrinelium, and some aspects of the behavior of the parents during the corresponding period (Noakes and Barlow 1968, 1973a, 1973b). Adults are polymorphic in body color, the "normal" color being grey; the "gold" morphs are more or less xanthic and lack the species typical dark markings (Barlow 1973; and in preparation). The young have a characteristic behavior directed toward the parents in both the laboratory and the field. About 4 days after the young become free-swimming, they begin to feed from the body surfaces …

Ec76-218 1976 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 76-218 is the 1976 Nebraska beef cattle report.

Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

For more than a century, the two largest bodies of water in Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua and its smaller companion, Managua, have engaged naturalists from several disciplines. Perhaps their appeal has been as curiosities because of the occurrence of fish with marine affinities in the larger lake, especially a dangerous shark. The charm has been in Nicaragua or Cocibolca, rather than Managua, properly called Xolotlán. Even though the latter is saltier, it has no elasmobranchs or tarpons.
The lakes, and specifically the larger, cover the greatest expanse of any body of water between Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, and the Laurentian …

The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since 1966, an extensive tagging program has demonstrated beyond any further doubt (Thorson, 1971) that the sharks move from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua and vice versa. At the time of this writing, of 1450 post-juvenile sharks tagged at the various river mouths on the Caribbean Coast, ten have been recovered in Lake Nicaragua; and of 146 tagged at San Carlos, where the river leaves the lake, 28 have been recovered along the Caribbean Coast, most of them at the various outlets of the Rio San Juan. Except for these basic facts, the results of the tagging program have …

The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Cichlasoma citrinellum (Gunther), the Midas cichlid, is the most important food fish in the Great Lakes Basin of Nicaragua. It occurs in the majority of the lakes, where it is the most ubiquitous cichlid fish, but it is uncommon in the rivers. The fry are carnivorous while the juveniles and adults are omnivorous, eating mostly Aufwuchs, snails, and fish. The Midas cichlids suffer from a number of diseases in nature and in the laboratory, including lymphocystis and nocardiosis. Potential predators vary from sharks and sawfish in Lake Nicaragua, to just one cichlid relative in one crater lake; in Lake …

Namru-3 Translations Of Parasite Literature From Russian, French, Japanese, Etc. Into English (1945-1976) T1101-T1200, United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Medical Zoology Department

United States Naval Medical Research Unit 3: Publications

T1101. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SUMMARY. MIRONOV, P. (1953). Hemorrhagic fever in Burgas Region. Suvrem. Med., Sof., 6:62-73. (In Bulgarian).

T1102. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. MATEVOSYAN, K. Sh., KARASEVA, P. S., RESHETNIKOV, I. A. and SEMENOV, B. F. (1972). Investigation of arboviruses transmitted through ticks in Armenian SSR. In: Actual problems of virology and prophylaxis of viral diseases, edited by Chumakov, M. P. Tezisy 17. Nauch. Sess. Inst. Posvyashch. Aktual. Probl. Virus. Profilakt. Virus. Zabolev. (Moscow, October 1972), p. 303.

T1103. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SKOFERTSA, P. G., GAIDAMOVICH, S. Ya., OBUKHOVA, V. O., KORCHMAR'. N. D., YAROVOI, P. I., KLISENKO, G. A. …

Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Villa (1968) included C. managuense in the fauna of Lake Xiloá as a "recently introduced" species since the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Nicaragua) had introduced several hundred young individuals of this species from Lake Managua, hatched at the Estacion Experimental "La Calera." Apparently officials of the Ministerio did not determine whether or not C. managuense occurred in Lake Xiloá prior to its introduction.

Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since the discovery of the phenomenally high urea content of the body fluids of cartilaginous fishes by Staedeler and Frerichs (1858), the unique osmoregulatory system of this vertebrate class has been studied by many investigators. In broad outline, the mechanisms are essentially similar in all three of the major subtaxa: the selachians, the batoids, and the holocephalans. A single exception is the genus Potamotrygon (fresh-water stingrays of South America and Africa), which has apparently lost the ability to concentrate urea even when transferred to salt water.

Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The presently known pristiform fauna of the western Atlantic consists of only two species, one each of Fowler's (1941) subgenera, Pristis and Pristiopsis. The former, characterized by the absence of a subcaudal lobe on the caudal fin, is represented by Pristis pectinatus; the latter, in which the subcaudal lobe is present, by Pristis perotteti. Although several features readily separate the two species, they can most easily be distinguished by the more slender rostrum of P. pectinatus and its larger number of rostral teeth, 24 to 32 on each side, as compared with 14 to 20 in …

A Revision Of The Genus Strategus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

The New World genus Strategus Kirby is here defined and revised for the first time. Eight species are described as new: S. atlanticus, S. caymani, S. craigi, S. hipposiderus, S. howdeni, S. longichomperus, S. symphenax, and S. tarquinius; 12 new junior synonyms are established (including the rejection of six previously valid species)'; one species is raised from synonymy; and two new replacement names are proposed. Strategus now contains one fossil species and 31 valid extant species. A key to the males and females of all the species is provided for the first …

Availability Of Trypotophan In Some Feedstuffs For Swine, Pedro H. Rivera L., E. R. Peo, Jr., T. Stahly, B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the availability of tryptophan (Try) from corn (NC), opaque-2 corn (OC), milo (M) and freeze dried alfalfa (FDA) when fed to swine. The first experiment consisted of a growth trial involving 96 baby pigs and eight treatments. The basal diet containing .06% Try and 24.5% protein was supplemented with .015%, .030% and .045% L-Try. These four diets were used to establish a standard curve for growth. The other treatments were formed by adding the feedstuffs as the source of Try to the basal diet. Availabilities were determined by comparing growth responses. Try availabilities from …

Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

a. This paper presents an account of fecundity studies into T. mossambica under Middle Central American conditions and limnological investigations into Lake Moyua/Nicaragua which have been performed during 1961/62.

b. Data obtained as to fecundity of T. mossambica are discussed in the light of the term prolificy and with regard to ecological and biological characteristics of Nicaraguan waters and native fish fauna.

c. A more detailed contemplation about the possible effects of a spread out or transplantation of T. mossambica into other Nicaraguan waters concludes the paper.

Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The nature, composition, and evolution of Centra) American freshwater fish groups are discussed in relation to the history and derivation of the faunal elements. It is concluded that the entire area between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and eastern Panama was and always had been devoid of primary (obligatory) freshwater fishes prior to the very late Tertiary. Instead, secondary freshwater fishes evolved in this area during the Neogene and perhaps for a longer period, the Poeciliidae having probably had a longer history within the area than the Cichlidae. In the late Tertiary a very few North American immigrants entered the area …