Digital Commons Network^™

Cranes Of The World: Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides Virgo), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
None in General English use; Shuai-yu-hao (Chinese); Grue demoisella, Demoiselle de Numidae (French); Jungfernkranich (German); Karkarra (Hindi); Aneha-zuru (Japanese); Krasavka zhuravl (Russian); Grulla damisela, Grulla moruria (Spanish).

Range:
Bred at least formerly in northwestern Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, possibly northern Morocco); currently breeds in Europe from the southern IJkraine and the Crimea through southeastern Russia (north to the region of Volgograd and south to the steppes to the east of the lower Volga), eastward through the steppes of the Kirghiz, western Siberia, southern Minusinsk, and the Altai, Lake Baikal, and of southern Transbaikalia, to the steppes of northwestern …

Monoculture, Polyculture, And Polyvariety In Tropical Forest Swidden Cultivation, Raymond B. Hames

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

A number of researchers have suggested that polyculture is characteristic of native tropical forest swiddens and have adduced theory from community ecology to account for its adaptiveness. Ye’kwana and Yąnomamö swidden cultivation is examined, and it is shown that polyculture is not practiced to any significant degree. Instead, the concept of polyvariety is introduced along with a number of other cultivation practices that more simply account for the adaptiveness of Ye’kwana and Yąnomamö gardening. In addition, comparative data from other parts of the tropical world indicate that polyculture is no more common than monoculture and recent advances in ecological research …

Purification And Characterization Of A Shigella Dysenteriae 1- Like Toxin Produced By Escherichia Coli, Alison D. O'Brien, Gerald D. Laveck

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

A toxin from an enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli H30) was purified to apparent homogeneity from cell lysates. The steps used to isolate the E. coli H30 toxin included French pressure-cell disruption of bacteria grown in iron-depleted media, Affi-Gel Blue chromatography, chromatofocusing, and anti- Shiga toxin affinity chromatography. The mobilities of the subunits of radioiodinated E. coli H30 toxin and Shiga toxin observed after the two toxins were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were identical. In the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, a narrow band was seen at M_r 31,500 (±1,000), and a wide heavy band …

Reassessment Of The Rates At Which Oil From Natural Sources Enters The Marine Environment, Keith A. Kvenvolden, John W. Harbaugh

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Previous estimates of the world-wide input of oil to the marine environment by natural seeps ranged from 0 ·2 to 6 ·0 million (metric) tonnes per year with a 'best estimate' of 0 ·6 million tonnes per year. Based on considerations of the availability of oil for seepage from the world's known and assumed oil resources, we believe that the world-wide natural oil seepage over geological time should be revised to about 0 ·2 million tonnes per ),ear with a range upward or downward of a factor of ten leading to estimates between 0 ·02 and 2 million tonnes per …

Paleotemperature Oscillations In The Middle And Late Miocene Of The Northeastern Pacific, John A. Barron, Gerta Keller

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic history of the Middle and Late Miocene marginal eastern North Pacific as been studied in a north-to-south transect encompassing DSDP Site 173, the Newport Beach surface section, and DSDP Site 470, based on quantitative diatom and planktic foraminiferal analyses. Fourteen cold and 12 warm events that show close agreement with other microfossil studies as well as oxygen isotope records from low-latitude Pacific sites have been identified. Hiatuses are recognized at 7 to 6.5 Ma. 9.8 to 8.5 Ma, and 12 to 11 Ma at the three reference localities, and they correspond to widely recognized deep-sea hiatuses …

1983 Pod Conference Directory

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Directory

Additions

Membership Directory Form

Information On Sessions

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Call for Sessions, by Bette LaSere Erickson

Information Sheet on POD Conference Track on Transitions from Academe to Business, by Lance C. Buhl

Memorandum, by Joanne Kurfiss

Cerebral Abscess And Cephenemyia Phobifer In A Mule Deer In Central Nebraska, Jerre L. Johnson, John B. Campbell, Alan R. Doster, George Nason, R. J. Cagne

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

A wild yearling male mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from south central Nebraska was submitted to the University of Nebraska North Platte Station Diagnostic Laboratory with the history of severe depression, slight incoordination, and visual impairment. Gross examination revealed a large abcess involving approximately 65-75% of the cebral hemispheres of the brain and approximately bots in the retropharyngeal pouches.

The Foraging Behavior Of Lacewing Larvae On Vertical Rods, Alan B. Bond

Alan Bond Publications

The foraging behavior of lacewing larvae (Chrysopa carnea Stephens, Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) on vertical lucite rods was observed under a variety of experimental conditions to investigate the decision processes responsible for the distribution of foraging effort. Food deprivation increased the duration of searching on all parts of the rod, whereas contact with prey at the rod tip induced only a local enhancement of searching activity. Searching at the rod tip did not decline with repeated trials on the same rod, but the duration of searching on the rest of the rod was reduced, evidently reflecting recognition and avoidance of previously-searched …

Cranes Of The World: 5. Comparative Reproductive Biology, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

The reproductive biologies of cranes are surprisingly similar. All crane species are strictly monogamous, have long pair bonds and a prolonged period of juvenile dependency, and are highly territorial during the breeding season. All cranes also have an extremely limited reproductive potential, resulting from their deferred sexual maturity, low clutch size, and limited renesting tendencies following the loss of a clutch or hatched young.

Cranes Of The World: Crowned Crane (Balearica Pauonina), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Blue-necked or gray crowned crane (regulorum and gibbericeps), Black-necked or dark crowned crane (pavonina and ceciliae); Ma-hem (Afrikaan); Grue couronnee, Grue ronnee du Cap (French); Konigskranich (German); Minima kanmuri-zuru (Japanese); Makoka zhuravl (Russian); Grulla corona (Spanish); I-hem (Xhosa); U-Nohemu (Zulu).

Range:
Resident in open country over most of Africa south of the Sahara, excepting the Congo Basin and the driest portions of southwestern Africa.

Cranes Of The World: Whooping Crane (Grus Americana), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Whooper; Big white crane; Grue de Amerique, Grue blanche Americaine (French); Schreikranich, Trompeterkranich (German); Amerikanishiy krikpivy zhuravl (Russian); Grulla griteria, Grulla blanca (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories. Migratory, wintering at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, coastal Texas. Formerly much more widespread, breeding south to North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois, and reported from as far west as Utah, east to Cape May New Jersey, and south to coastal Louisiana. Birds hatched from eggs recently transported to Grays Lake, southeastern Idaho, have been reared by greater sandhill cranes and now winter with them in …

Cranes Of The World: Australian Crane (Grus Rubicundus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Brolga, Native companion (Australia); Grue d'Australie (French); Australischer Kranich (German); Goshu zuru (Japanese); Australiyka zhuravl (Russian); Grulla Australiana (Spanish).

Range:
Resident in grassland habitats in lowland New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia, more rarely to southern and southeastern Australia.

Cranes Of The World: Black-Necked Crane (Grus Nigricollis), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
None in general English use; Grue á cour noir (French); Schwarzhals Kranich (German); Cheniozheuleu zhuravl (Russian); Grulla de cue110 negro (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds from Ladakh east through Tibet (Xizang Zizhiqu) to the Koko Nor Region in eastern Tsinghai (Qinghai), probably mostly between 4,300 and 4,600 meters elevation. Migratory, and reported on migration or during winter from central and eastern Sikang, Yunnan, and Tonkin (Vaurie, 1965). Also winters in small numbers in the southern Himalayas (Bhutan and Frontier Division of Subansiri Pradesh) at elevations of 1,500-3,000 meters (Ali, 1976).

Cranes Of The World: Blue Crane (Anthropoides Paradises), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Stanley crane; Bloukraan (Afrikaan); Grue bleue (French); Paradieskranich (German); Hagoromo zuru (Japanese); Chetyrekhkrydy zhuravl (Russian); Grulla azul (Spanish); Groote Sprinkhaan-vogel (Boers, Transvaal).

Range:
Resident in the upland interior of South Africa and possibly adjacent Mozambique north almost to the Zambezi, and with a small isolated population near the Etosha Pan of Namibia (South- West Africa).

Cranes Of The World: 0. Contents -- Foreword -- Preface, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

I. Comparative Biology of Cranes
1. Classification and Evolution / 3
2. Individualistic and Social Behavior / 11
3. Vocalizations / 25
4. Ecology and Population Dynamics / 35
5. Comparative Reproductive Biology / 44
6. Aviculture and Hybridization / 51
7. Endangered Species and Conservation / 60
8. Cranes in Myth and Legend / 70

II. Natural Histories of Individual Crane Species
1. Crowned Cranes / 77
2. Blue Crane / 87
3. Demoiselle Crane / 95
4. Wattled Crane / 121
5. Siberian Crane / 131
6. Australian Crane / 141
7. Sarus Crane / 151
8. White-naped …

Cranes Of The World: 4. Ecology And Population Dynamics, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Like other animals, cranes exist as natural populations that are dependent upon particular environmental conditions and that vary in population density between the absolute minimum numbers that have permitted survival to relatively dense populations that may approach or even temporarily exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat. Each species may also have an upper species-typical limit on population density, or "saturation point," which is independent of the carrying capacity of the habitat but which may be determined by such social adaptations as territorial requirements or individual distance characteristics. Within crane populations, individual birds or families remain within home ranges or …

Cranes Of The World: Eurasian Crane (Grus Grus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Common crane, Crane; Huiho (Chinese); Grue cendree (French); Kranich (German); Kuro-zuru, Kurotsuru (Japanese); Seryi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla comun (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in northern Eurasia from Scandinavia east to at least the Indigirka River, and probably to the Kolyma, and south to northern Germany, the Ukraine, the Kirghiz Steppes, Russian and Chinese Turkestan, Mongolia, and northern Manchuria, with isolated colonies in the Dobrogea, Turkey, and Transcaucasia. Migratory, wintering in the Mediterranean region to northwestern and northeastern Africa, the Persian Gulf region, peninsular India, and from southern China to northern Indo- China, Burma, and Assam (Vaurie, 1965).

Cranes Of The World: Japanese Crane (Grus Japonensis), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Manchurian crane, Redcrowned crane; Tan-ting ho, Hsien-ho (Chinese); Grue de Mandchourie (French); Mandschuren- Kranich (German): Tancho, Tozuro (Japanese); Manshuskiy zhuravl, Ussuriskii zhuravl (Russian); Grulla blanc (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in northeastern Mongolia on the border of Manchuria (Hahlin Basin) and eastwards through northern and central Manchuria to Lake Khanka and along the Ussuri to its mouth, and in the middle Amur Valley west to the Bureya or Gorin River. An essentially resident population also occurs in northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. The continental population is migratory, wintering in Korea and in eastern China (north of the Gulf of Chihli, and …

Cranes Of The World: References, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

The following list of more than 400 references is by no means a complete bibliography of cranes, but does include a few titles that for various reasons were not specifically cited in the text. Walkinshaw's (1973) monograph contains a large number of citations not found in the present list, and he additionally has recently (1981c) updated and supplemented his earlier bibliography. All told, his two citation lists include nearly 2,500 citations. Nearly 40 percent of the 1973 list deals with the whooping crane, 20 percent with the sandhill crane, 15 percent with the Eurasian crane, and 8 percent with the …

Cranes Of The World: Sandhill Crane (Grus Canadensis), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Canadian crane, Little brown crane; Grue du Canada (French); Kanadischer Kranich (German); Kanada-zuru (Japanese): Kanadaski zhuravl (Russian); Grulla del Canada (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in extreme northeastern Siberia and in North America from Alaska to Baffin Island, south to northeastern Colorado, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Additional nonmigratory populations exist in Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines. The migratory races winter from California and Baja California eastward to New Mexico, Texas, and Florida. The breeding range was formerly much more extensive in the United States, extending south to Nebraska, Indiana, and Ohio.

Cranes Of The World: Sarus Crane (Grus Antigone), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Sharpe's crane; Khur-sang, Korchan (Assam); Grue antigone tropicale, Grue á collier (French); Sarus-kranich, Halsbandkranich (German); Saras, Sirhans (Hindi); O-O zuru (Japanese); Belyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla blanco cue110 (Spanish).

Range:
Resident in northern India, east to Burma, on the Malay Peninsula, and in Indo-Chinese countries, and in northern Australia. Probably extirpated from the Philippine Islands, and perhaps also from Burma, Thailand, and Malaysia.

Cranes Of The World: Siberian Crane (Bugeranus Leucogeranus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Siberian white crane, Asiatic White Crane; Grue nonne, Grue blanche d'Asie (French); Nonnenkranich, Schnee-Kranich, Weisse indische Kranich (German); Sod egura-zuru (Japanese); Sterch, Belyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla siberiana, Grulla blanco (Spanish).

Range:
Known breeding areas are currently only two. The first is from about the confluence of the Ob and Irtysh rivers north to the region of Berezovo, and the second is from the basin of the Indigirka (from its mouth south to the Moma River) west to the Khroma River and the lower Yana. Other possible breeding areas may extend the second range east to the lower …

Cranes Of The World: Wattled Crane (Bugeranus Carunculatus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Great African wattled crane; Grue caroncule (French); Glockenkranich, Klunkerkranich (German); Hooka Zuru (Japanese); Asbrikanskiy Sorodavachaty (Russian); Mothlathomo (Sotho, Sesuto); Grulla zarzo (Spanish); Makalanga (Zambian).

Range:
Resident in eastern and southern Africa, from Ethiopia in the north southward discontinuously through southern Tanzania (apparently absent from Kenya and northern Tanzania) and Mozambique to the Transvaal and Natal, and westward to southern Angola and Namibia (South West Africa), in the latter area breeding locally only. Now extirpated from Cape Province and Orange Free State, and probably declining elsewhere (West, 1976)

Cranes Of The World: White-Naped Crane (Grus Vipio), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Japanese white-necked crane; Ts-ang-kua (Chinese); Grue á cour blanc (French); Weissnacken-Kranich (German); Mana-zuru (Japanese); Dachkai zhuravl (Russian); Grulla de cuelle blanco (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds on the Transbaikalian steppes probably from the Onon and Argun rivers eastward through northwestern and central Manchuria to the southern Ussuri Valley, the basin of Lake Khanka, and in southwestern Ussuriland. Known recent breeding areas (Yamashina, 1978) include the marshlands around the central part of the Primorskiy Kraj (Maritime Territory), the middle drainage of the Amur River (from the upper Zeya to the Bureya and the Archara), and in northwestern Manchuria (Jaranton). Also …

Abriß Der Erforschungsgeschichte Der Avifauna Mongolica, R. Piechocki

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Die erste Periode der Erforschung der Avifauna mongolica umfaßt den Zeitraum von 1871 bis 1931. Nach den zentralasiatischen Expeditionen von N. M. PRZEVALSKIJ brachten dieser und danach F. D. PLESKE und W. L. BIANCHI die ersten ornithologischen Beiträge heraus. Im Auftrage der Russischen Geographischen Gesellschaft leitete G. N. POTANIN eine Expedition durch die Nordwest-Mongolei. Weitere Expeditionen führte P. K. KOZLOV durch; die ornithologische Ausbeute wurde von W. L. BIANCHI bearbeitet. Um die Jahrhundertwende setzt die Erforschung der Nordmongolei ein durch W. S. MOLLESON, 0. BAMBERG und F. SCHILLING. Die ornithologische Erschließung der Nordwest-Mongolei ist P. P. SUSHKIN und A. J. …

Stand Und Aufgaben Der Erforschung Der Eintagsfliegenfauna (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) In Der Mongolischen Volksrepublik, D. Braasch

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Der gegenwärtige Stand der Erforschung der mongolischen Ephemeropterenfauna wird dargelegt. Für die MVR können 54 Arten belegt werden. Die Eintagsfliegen des Landes entstammen verschiedenen Gruppen und Faunenelementen: holarktische, eurosibirische, mongolische und mandschuro-japanische.

Notes & News- Winter 1983

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

NOTES & NEWS

1983 GREAT PLAINS SYMPOSIUM: MAPPING THE AMERICAN PLAINS

JOSLYN MUSEUM OPENS CENTER FOR WESTERN STUDIES

AMERICAN INDIAN QUARTERLY

PLAINS AQUATIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE

On Improving Testing: A Student Evaluation Study, Marina Estabrook, Daniel L. Wick

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development

Method

Results

Number of Exams Students Take

Kind of Exams Students Take

Evaluation of Course Exams Depending on Test Format

Students' Best and Worst Testing Experiences

Best Test Experiences

Worst Test Experiences

Conclusion

Implications for Instructional Development Centers

TRC Student Evaluation of Testing

Cranes Of The World: Hooded Crane (Grus Monachus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
None in general English use; Huan-has (Chinese); Grue-moine (French); Monchskranich (German); Nabe-zuru (Japanese); Chernyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla capachina (Spanish).

Range:
Breeding range not well known, but currently known to breed only in a few isolated areas of the USSR, including the Ussuri River and the lower Amur, in the basin of the middle reaches of the Vilyuy, and in the Olekma-Chara uplands. Breeding probably also occurs in the upper Nizhnaya Tunguska River and its tributary the Nyepa, along the Chona River, in the lower Amur along the In and Mukhen rivers, in the basin of the Evur …