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Comparison Of Bulk Density Beneath A Belt Track And Tire, Leonard L. Bashford, A. J. Jones, L. N. Mielke

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Wheel traffic is considered a major cause of soil compaction in production agriculture. Soil compaction depends on initial conditions, load, contact area and tire type and shape at the soil surface. The use of tractors equipped with tracks instead of tires has the potential of reducing soil compaction because of reduced surface contact pressure and difference in load distribution over a relatively long-narrow track. The introduction of a new agricultural tractor equipped with a rubber belt track permits a crawler tractor to compete with a large four-wheel drive tractor in both speed and mobility.
Soil bulk density was measured as …

Sensitivity To Sulfited Foods Among Sulfite-Sensitive Subjects With Asthma, Steve L. Taylor, Robert K. Bush, John C. Selner, Julie A. Nordlee, Matthew B. Wiener, Karen Holden, Jerald W. Koepke, William W. Busse

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Eight individuals with asthma who had been diagnosed as sulfite sensitive on the basis of double-blind capsule-beverage challenges were subjected to challenges with various sulfited foods, including lettuce, shrimp, dried apricots, white grape juice, dehydrated potatoes (as mashed potatoes), and mushrooms. Four of these patients failed to respond to challenges with any of the sulfited foods. The other four patients experienced a decrease in pulmonary function on double-blind challenges with sulfited lettuce. Two of three of these patients reacted to challenges with dried apricots and white grape juice; the fourth patient has not yet been challenged with these products. Only …

Echinococcus Vogeli Rausch And Bernstein, 1972, From The Paca, Cuniculus Paca L. (Rodentia: Dayproctidae), In The Departamento De Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Robert L. Rausch, Otto Carlos Jordan Camacho

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among approximately 2,000 mammals examined for helminths in various regions of Bolivia during 1983-1987, cysts of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972, were found in a single paca, Cuniculus paca L., collected at La Laguna, Departamento de Santa Cruz (lat. 16° 36' W; long. 62° 42' S). This record, the first from Bolivia, represents a considerable extension of the known geographic range of this species in South America. Upon analysis of the morphologic characteristics of the protoscoleces derived from the cysts, the sizes of rostellar hooks from the material from the paca were found to be well within the ranges …

Rhinebothrium Devaneyi N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) And Echinocephalus Overstreeti Deardorff And Ko, 1983 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) In A Thorny Back Ray, Urogymnus Asperrimus, From Enewetak Atoll, With Phylogenetic Analysis Of Both Species Groups, Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas L. Deardorff

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The new species is a member of an apparently monophyletic group within the genus that includes R. flexile, R. walga, R. himanturi, R. burgeri, R. euzeti, R. hawaiiensis, R. urobatidium, R. paratrygoni, R. ditesticulum, R. tetralobatum, R. margaritense, R. biorchidum, and R. spinicephalum. All of these species have bothridia with medial longitudinal septa, a constriction at mid-bothridium, and, primitively, at least 42 loculi per bothridium and 17-22 testes per proglottid. Of the above, the new species is apparently most closely related to R. burgeri, with which …

A Sociobiological Perspective On The Development Of Human Reproductive Strategies, Patricia Draper, Henry Harpending

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Humans show a great deal of variability in their reproductive behavior, including types of sexual activity, types of ties between males and females, and ways of arranging for the rearing of offspring. We will consider three principal topics: (1) Father absence versus father presence, contrasting children who are reared in a family system in which there is a closely involved and economically contributing father in contrast to a family system in which women rear their children in cooperation with other women (usually kin) and without consistent help from a man who is father to children. (2) Peer rearing versus parent …

Science Concepts Taught In Secondary Vocational Agriculture Programs As Perceived By Nebraska Secondary Vocational Agriculture And Science Instructors, Thomas L. Sabata

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The study was conducted to identify the science concepts taught in the vocational agriculture curriculum which are the same as science concepts considered necessary in the secondary science curriculum in Nebraska, as perceived by 33 vocational agriculture instructors and science instructors in earth science (24), biology (30), physics (28) and chemistry (28). A mail survey was used to collect data for the study. The survey return rate for the vocational agriculture teachers was 75 percent; while science teacher returns were lower (54.5 to 68.2%). Science concepts were rated on a scale of 1 to 5 of importance for students to …

The Probe, Issue 83 - May 1988

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

GOODBYE STRYCHNINE

NO ROOM FOR CATS

PESTICIDE TOXICITY

Texas Seminar

Sugar-Coating the Bear Problem

Letters to Ye Ed

Tn. Wildlife Soc. Hilites

Wpa News 20 (1988), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (May 1988), number 20

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Alternation Of Sex Ratio In A Partially Bivoltine Bee., Megachile Rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), V. J. Tepedino, F. D. Parker

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Data on offspring production by the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), from three site-years were used to examine predictions of parental investment and sex ratio theory. In northern Utah, spring-emergent adults produce two types of offspring: those that develop directly to the adult stage and emerge in midsummer, and those that develop to the prepupal stage and enter diapause until the following year. For species with this kind of life cycle, it has been hypothesized that spring parents should bias their investment in summer emergent progeny towards females if spring males survive to participate in the summer mating. Results …

Public Perception Of The St. Edward Vocational Agriculture Program, Steven Lynn Oberg

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Purpose. The purposes of this study were: (1) determine importance of major program areas of the St. Edward vocational agriculture program by respondent group; (2) determine the importance of major components of the St. Edward vocational agriculture program by respondent group; (3) determine the most important vocational agriculture instructional areas which need to be taught in St. Edward by respondent group; (4) determine the extent to which residents are knowledgeable about FFA activities within the vocational agriculture program in St. Edward by respondent group; (5) determine how parents, business managers and taxpayers perceive the importance of SOE and summer employment …

Animal Sciences Into The 21st Century

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Life in Nebraska has always been closely tied to the land and its products. The animal resources of this state feed people throughout the world, and future findings in the animal industry can impact every person on earth. It is with this vision of service to the community, both local and global, that the University of Nebraska – Lincoln has provided a continually expanding Department of Animal Science. Educating young Nebraskans in all phases of the animal production cycle and researching ways to improve the animal industry have been a growing part of UNL’s academic life for nearly 100 years. …

Entomogenous Nematodes As Biological Control Agents Of European Chafer And Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae Infesting Turfgrass, M. G. Villani, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

In laboratory studies, infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (=Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser) (All strain) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann) were tested for their ability to control third-instar European chafer (EC), Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), in soil at rates from 19.4-310.0 nematodes per cm² of soil surface. H. heliothidis provided better control of EC larvae than S. feltiae over the range of rates tested. After 25 d, treatment with H. heliothidis provided 94% control of larvae at the lowest rate tested (19.4 per cm²). In a field test in turf against a mixed population of Japanese beetle, …

Foraging Behavior And Switching By The Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus Savannarum Searching For Multiple Prey In A Heterogeneous Environment, Anthony Joern

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Switching among four alternative grasshopper species by the grasshop- per sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) through frequency-dependent predation was ex- amined. Grasshoppers were presented against a heterogeneous natural background in an outdoor aviary where total density was held constant but relative density of each grasshopper species varied. Switching among prey, primarily between two of the four species, and inter-bird variability in switching was observed. Species-specific prefer- ences and interactions among the alternative grasshopper species affected the final diet choice as one grasshopper species was always preferentially selected and another disregarded independent of changes in relative density. Attributes of avian foraging behavior, including: …

Population Dynamics Of Distoichometra Bufonis (Cestoda: Nematotaeniidae) In Bufo Woodhousii, John J. Janovy Jr., Eugene Lee Hardin

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Prevalence, density, and variance/mean (= variance/density) ratios are reported for the cestode Distoichometra bufonis in 28 samples of the amphibian host, Bufo woodhousii, taken over a 3-yr period at two study sites on the South Platte River in Keith County, Nebraska, U.S.A. In addition, changes in host demography resulting from entry of newly metamorphosed toads into the terrestrial population are given. Prevalence and density (average number of worms per host, infected + noninfected) did not vary significantly either within or between sites and years unless newly metamorphosed toads were included in the analysis. Prevalence ranged from 70 to 100%, …

Eimeria From Bats Of The World. Ii. A New Species In Tadarida Femorosacca From Sonora, Mexico, Donald W. Duszynski, David W. Reduker, Brent B. Parker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between 1979 and 1980, 104 bats representing 13 species in 4 families were collected in California and New Mexico, U.S.A., and Baja California and Sonora, Mexico, and were examined for coccidia; only 3 (3%) had oocysts in their feces. Bats examined and their infection rates were: Molossidae: 0 of 12 Tadarida brasiliensis, 1 of 18 (6%) T. femorosacca; Natalidae: 0 of 1 Natalus stramineus; Phyllostomatidae: 0 of 1 Choeronycteris mexicana, 0 of 2 Leptonycteris sanborni, 0 of 1 Macrotus californicus; Vespertilionidae: 0 of 9 Antrozous pallidus, 0 of 28 Eptesicusfuscus, 0 of …

Conference Participants: Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The Conference totalled 401 registered attendees. The wide representation from the United States and from 14 countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of ideas and information.

The Probe, Issue 81 - March 1988

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
MARCH 1988
Monterey Pest Conference
APHIS Activity Report
EPA – The Livestock Protective Collar
Frog Dissections
Letters to Ye Ed
The Endangered Species Act (ESA), EPA, ESO

Frontmatter For Volume Of Proceedings Of The Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1988,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Frontmatter and Contents for the Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference held at MONTEREY SHERATON HOTEL, Monterey, California, March 1,2 & 3, 1988.

Animal Rights And Vertebrate Pest Control, Dale L. Brooks

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Many animal rights activists are very vocal in their belief that animals are more valuable or at least equally important to humans. There is little to no compromise in their overall view that the use of animals for food, fiber, teaching, research and testing does not result in improvements for other animals or societal needs. Today's activists are well prepared and very articulate in getting their views across to the public through the press and television media. An increasing number of the public is beginning to believe the activist allegations of inhumane animal practices. The biologist can no longer …

Attitude Change Toward Vertebrate Pest Control, Robert M. Timm, Sanford D. Schemnitz

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Attitudes of students enrolled in courses on wildlife damage control at two universities were surveyed at the beginning and end of the semester. Attitudes toward wildlife and acceptance of various damage control methods were quantified and compared to responses obtained from the general public in previous surveys. As a result of the class, both groups of students generally became more accepting of current vertebrate control practices, including toxicant use. Student attitudes, as a result of knowledge gained, came to be more realistic and practical. We believe that persons, when presented factual information about wildlife damage and its control, will …

Urban Wildlife: Can We Live With Them?, Wayne R. Marion

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: A survey of Extension Wildlife Specialists in the U.S. provided a basis for estimating the magnitude of urban wildlife damage and control in this country. Response to the 9-question mail questionnaire was good (76 percent) following the single mailing to all Extension Wildlife Specialists or people in similar positions listed in the national directory. The majority of questions were answered based upon the experiences and best estimates of these specialists for the interval October 1986-September 1987. Specialists had difficulty providing estimates of damage and costs of prevention and control; 57 percent were not able to provide any data on …

Photonovels Produced By Client/Professional Partnerships: An Educational Approach To Commensal Vertebrate Ipm, Stephen C. Frantz, John P. Comings, Debra L. Roter

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Since commensal vertebrate pest problems are largely "people problems," a well-planned and executed educational intervention could be the single most important component in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. The basic purpose of educational interventions is to bring sufficient information and understanding to affected clients so that they can and will intercept and control pests in the infested habitat. The encouragement of client participation in producing educational materials is consistent with learning theory and pest management principles. Such production methods allow materials to be closely aligned with client concerns and establish a climate for mutual exchange of ideas between …

Status Of Bromethalin Outside The United States , S. R. Spaulding, H. Spannring

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Bromethalin has been extensively researched over the past decade in the United States, Switzerland, England, Denmark, and France. United States EPA registrations were received in 1982 and commercial pelleted formulations containing 0.01% bromethalin were developed and introduced in the USA by Ralston Purina (ASSAULT1*) in 1985 and Velsicol (VENGEANCE1*) in 1986. Ciba-Geigy is currently developing new formulations under the tradename DORATIDR for use outside the United States. Bromethalin acute toxicity and 14-day subchronic studies are reviewed and data from recently completed 90-day subchronic studies required for registration outside the US are presented. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that bromethalin acts …

Ld50 Determination Of Zinc Phosphide Toxicity For House Mice And Albino Laboratory Mice, Li Jing-Hui, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Results showed that wild house mice were more susceptible to zinc phosphide than an albino strain. The LD50 and 95% confidence limits for combined sexes with wild house mice (Mus musculus) were 32.68 + 3.58 mg/kg, but 53.34 ± 2.64 for the albino mice. The regression equations between the probits of mortalities and the logs of doses are Y= 10.38x-10.72 for wild mice and Y=6.78x-6.71 for albino mice. Both the individual and sexual variations among albino mice in their susceptibility to zinc phosphide were greater than those of wild mice. The results suggest that attempts to extrapolate toxicity values from …

Attractiveness Of Carbon Disulfide To Wild Norway Rats, J. Russell Mason, N. Jay Bean, Bennett G. Galef Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In laboratory experiments, carbon disulfide (CS2) increases the attractiveness of feeding stations to rats and mice. Bait consumption is also increased, and the effects are more pronounced for females than for males. The present study was designed to assess whether CS2 would enhance consumption of a standard bait formulation by wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). The results showed that consumption was tripled when bait was paired with CS2. We speculate that CS2 could similarly enhance the effectiveness of rodenticide bait formulations to which it is applied. Extensive field tests of CS2 as a rodent attractant appear warranted.

The Biology Of Domestic Rats: Telemetry Yields Insights For Pest Con¬Trol, Michael A. Recht

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In previous studies Norway and roof rats were captured, fitted with radiotransmitter collars, and released into their respective habitats. Detailed observations were made of their locomotor patterns, home ranges, activity phasing, food sources, and general behavior. A summary of micro-ecology, habitat partitioning and other behaviors from those studies which may be of use to persons interested in vertebrate pest control is reported.

Rice As A Trap Crop For The Rice Field Rat In Malaysia, Y. M. Lam

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The potential of rice as a trap crop for the rice field rat, Rattus argentiventer. was clearly illustrated by the studies conducted in 60.7 ha of newly rehabilitated rice land in Pcrmatang Pauh and in the MARDI Research Centre's rice fields in Bumbong Lima. The rice crop was very attractive to the rats, especially at the reproductive phase. The combina¬tion of a physical barrier and traps was very effective in exploiting rice as a trap crop for rice field rats. The trapping patterns indicated a massive influx of rats from the surroundings for a period of three weeks in Permatang …

Introduced Animals In Hawaii's Natural Areas, Charles P. Stone, Stephen J. Anderson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The Hawaiian islands provide superlative examples of biological evolution and are perhaps the best sites in the world for biological invasions. Introduced invertebrates such as the Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) and the western yellowjacket wasp (Paravespula pensvlvanica) reduce native insects and plant pollinators and may have been a factor in native bird declines. Management of invertebrates in localized areas through use of chemicals such as Tahara and diazinon is being attempted. Research on the long term effects of alien birds on native ecosystems is under way, but management currently is restricted to preservation of intact and large areas of native …

Predator Odors And Their Potential Role In Managing Pest Rodents And Rabbits, Thomas P. Sullivan, Druscilla S. Sullivan, Douglas R. Crump, Hal Weiser, Elisabeth A. Dixon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). several species of voles (Microtus spp.), the northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoidest. and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) cause serious damage to forest plantations and stands (and voles and pocket gophers in tree fruit orchards) by their feeding activities. Certain synthetic predator odors are reviewed which have produced significant avoidance responses in these pest species and reduced damage to crop trees on an experimental basis. In addition, the specific study reported in this paper was designed to assess the influence of predator odors on population density and survival of montane vole (M. montanus) populations in …

A Field Method For Assessing The Palatability Of Rodenticidal Baits, A. P. Buckle, D. E. Kaukeinen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Assessments of the palatability of rodenticide baits are usually conducted in the laboratory but little is known of the value of such tests as determinants of the potential performance of formulations in the field. Field bait acceptance tests conducted earlier were either unduly time-consuming or failed to take account of aspects of rodent behavior in relation to baiting regimes which make the interpretation of results difficult. This paper describes a novel, cost effective technique for assessing the palatability of baits in the field and the use of the new method to compare the acceptance of three commercial formulations, containing either …