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Herbicides And Their Metabolites In Rainfall: Origin, Transport, And Deposition Patterns Across The Midwestern And Northeastern United States, 1990-1991, Donald Goolsby, E. Michael Thurman, Michael Pomes, Michael Meyer, William Battaglin

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Herbicides were detected in rainfall throughout the midwestern and northeastern United States during late spring and summer of 1990 and 1991. Herbicide concentrations exhibited distinct geographic and seasonal patterns. The highest concentrations occurred in midwestern cornbelt states following herbicide application to cropland. Volume-weighted concentrations of 0.2-0.4 μg/L for atrazine and alachlor were typical in this area during mid-April through mid-July, and weighted concentrations as large as 0.6- 0.9 μg/L occurred at several sites. Concentrations of 1-3 μg/L were measured in a few individual samples. Atrazine was detected most often followed by alachlor, deethylatrazine, metolachlor, cyanazine, and deisopropylatrazine. The high ratio …

Soil Temperature And Fumigation Effects On Plant Phosphorus Uptake And Related Microbial Properties, Dennis L. Mccallister, L. A. Jawson, M. D. Jawson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Early season problems with growth of corn (Zea mays L.) under cool, wet conditions prompted a study of the effects of soil and environmental conditions on mineralization and plant uptake of phosphorus (P). Our objective was to determine the effect of soil test P, temperature, and soil fumigation on soil P availability and uptake during early corn growth. Corn was grown in growth chambers at temperatures of 14°C or 25°C. Soils were a high-P Hastings silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udic Argiustoll) and a low-P Sharpsburg clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Plants grew for up to …

Selected Physical Properties Of Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops Cylindrica Host.), C. M. Hubbard, Curtis L. Weller, David D. Jones

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Selected physical properties of jointed goatgrass samples collected in western Nebraska and eastern Colorado were determined. Measured properties were spikelet dimensions (length 10.8 ± 0.35 mm; width 2.59 ± 0.25 mm), particle density (0.761 ± 0.016 g/m³), bulk density (351 ± 26.9 kg/m³), terminal velocity (301 ± 25.9 m/min), angle of repose (26.3 ± 0.286°), internal coefficient of friction (0.494 ± 0.007), and equilibrium moisture contents at 10% RH (6.56 ± 1.03% w.b.), 30% RH (7.43 ± 1.21% w.b.), 50% RH (9.01 ± 0.67% w.b.), 70% RH (11.89 ± 0.61% w.b.), and 90% RH (20.39 ± …

Optimization Of Sulfur Dioxide And Lactic Acid Steeping Concentrations For Wet-Milling Of Grain Sorghum, R. A. Buffo, Curtis L. Weller, A. M. Parkhurst

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Influence of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and lactic acid (LA) on grain sorghum steeping efficiency in terms of wet-milling characteristics was investigated using response surface analysis. Tested ranges of concentrations in steeping water were 0.050 to 0.278% and 0 to 0.282% for SO₂ and LA, respectively. Measured wet-milling variables were steeping solids yield, starch yield, protein yield, fiber/germ yield, starch recovery, protein recovery and protein content of starch. Starch and protein recovery values were highly correlated to each other (r = 0.74). Correlations of these attributes with fiber/germ yield were strongly negative (r = –0.96 and r = …

Cast Films From Soy Protein Isolates And Fractions, L. A. Kunte, A. Gennadios, S. L. Cuppett, M. A. Hanna, Curtis L. Weller

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Glycerol-plasticized soy protein films were cast from alkaline aqueous film-forming solutions of laboratory-prepared 7S, 11S, and soy isolate (LSI) fractions and from commercial soy isolate (CSI). Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability (WVP), total soluble matter (TSM), protein solubility (PS), and Hunter L, a, and b color values of these films were determined. The 11S films had greater TS than 7S films (P < 0.05), while LSI films had greater TS than CSI films (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected among mean E values and among mean WVP values of all films (P > 0.05). The 7S films had higher TSM and PS values than 11S films (P < 0.05). CSI films were significantly darker (lower L value) and more yellow (greater positive b value) than LSI films (P < 0.05).

Films From Laboratory-Extracted Sorghum Kafirin, Roberto A. Buffo, Curtis L. Weller, Aristippos Gennadios

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

There has been increased interest in development of biopolymer films and coatings from protein, polysaccharide, and lipid materials in recent years. The qualities of renewability, degradability, compostability, and edibility make such films particularly appealing for food and nonfood packaging applications. Moreover, wide commercialization of biopolymer films will provide a value-added innovative use for traditional agricultural commodities as sources of film-forming materials. Research findings on production, properties, and potential applications of edible films have been reviewed (Krochta 1992, Conca and Yang 1993, Gontard and Guilbert 1994). Protein films in particular have been discussed in detail by Gennadios et al (1994a) and …

Nutrient, Carbon, And Mass Loss During Composting Of Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure, Bahman Eghball, James F. Power, John E. Gilley, John W. Doran

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Quantification of nutrient and mass loss during composting is needed to understand the composting process, to implement methods for nutrient conservation, and to reduce potential adverse environmental impact. Beef cattle feedlot manure was composted in a windrow on an open concrete area in 1992, 1993, and 1994 to determine the amounts of nutrient, C, and mass loss during composting. The area was enclosed on all sides with a 0.2 m high metal sheet to direct runoff to a fiberglass tank (4000 L) during rainfall. Nutrients in runoff represented combined runoff and leaching losses. Nutrients, C, and mass loss during composting …

Runoff, Erosion, And Soil Quality Characteristics Of A Former Conservation Reserve Program Site, John E. Gilley, John W. Doran, Douglas Karlen, T. C. Kaspar

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

No-till and moldboard plow tillage systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop production than from adjoining, undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, but no significant differences in erosion rates were found between the undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage systems which maintain …

Evolutionary Implications Of Meiotic Chromosome Behavior, Reproductive Biology, And Hybridization In 6x And 9x Cytotypes Of Andropogon Gerardii (Poaceae), Guillermo A. Norrmann, Camilo L. Quarín, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Andropogon gerardii, big bluestem, has 60 and 90 chromosome cytotypes. Meiosis in the hexaploid was shown to be regular, although some secondary associations of bivalents form. Meiosis in the enneaploid (2n = 9x = 90) is irregular, leading to most gametes having unbalanced chromosome complements. Both cytotypes show considerable self-incompatibility. Cytotypes crossed freely, forming a variety of fertile euploids and aneuploids. Indistinguishable exomorphology, intermixing in natural populations, and compatibility suggest that A. gerardii is best understood as a cytotypically complex single species.

Relationship Between Yeast Polyribosomes And Upf Proteins Required For Nonsense Mrna Decay, Audrey L. Atkin, Laura R. Schenkman, Margot Eastham, Jeffrey N. Dahlseid, Michael J. Lelivelt, Michael R. Culbertson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

In yeast, the accelerated rate of decay of nonsense mutant mRNAs, called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, requires three proteins, Upf1p, Upf2p, and Upf3p. Single, double, and triple disruptions of the UPF genes had nearly identical effects on nonsense mRNA accumulation, suggesting that the encoded proteins function in a common pathway. We examined the distribution of epitope-tagged versions of Upf proteins by sucrose density gradient fractionation of soluble lysates and found that all three proteins co-distributed with 80 S ribosomal particles and polyribosomes. Treatment of ly-sates with RNase A caused a coincident collapse of polyribosomes and each Upf protein into frac-tions containing …

Evidence For Natural Biological Control: Insects Decrease Survival And Growth Of A Native Thistle, John A. Guretzky, Svata M. Louda

Svata M. Louda Publications

Native thistles, in contrast to exotic species, are seldom noxious weeds. In this study, we evaluated one hypothesis for this difference: that the growth and fitness of native thistles are limited by natural enemies. Specifically, we tested the effect of insect foliage feeding on the survival and growth of large and small rosettes of tall thistle, Cirsium altissimum, using an insecticide exclusion experiment. Large juveniles were proportionally more damaged than were small ones. Insecticide reduced insect feeding, including overall intensity of plant damage and area removed or damaged on each of the two longest leaves, compared to controls treated only …

Parasite Biodiversity And Emerging Pathogens: A Role For Systematics In Limiting Impacts On Genetic Resources, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Emergence of pathogenic organisms continues as a threat to overall biodiversity and genetic resources. Macroparasites including helminths constitute a potential threat to economically important resources in agriculture and conservation biology. Limitation of this threat can be achieved through survey and inventory for biodiversity and the application of systematics to understand the host range , biogeography and history of faunas. Systematics constitutes the foundation for recognition of endemic and introduced elements of faunas and the basis for predicting the behavior of pathogens introduced to new ecological settings or host groups. The basis for emergence of pathogens has both a deep historical …

Radial Dose Model Of Ssb, Dsb, Deletions And Comparisons To Montecarlo Track Structure Simulations, Francis A. Cucinotta, H. Nikjoo, J. W. Wilson, Robert Katz, D. T. Goodhead

Robert Katz Publications

The initial lesions formed in DNA by ionizing radiation include base damage, single strand breaks (SSB), double strand breaks (DSB), DNA cross links, and deletions. Deletions occur through energy deposition and perhaps more importantly through recombination repair of DSB's. Several mechanisms for the formation of DSB's and deletions related to energy deposition can be considered. Track simulation codes have indicated the importance of clusters of ionizations in small volumes similar to the size of a nucleosome. These clusters have been related to several types of damage to DNA, including DSB and deletions resulting from multiple DSB's formed by single electron …

Paradigm Shifts And Tapeworm Systematics, Eric P. Hoberg, Scott Lyell Gardner, Ronald A. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The phylogeny of tapeworms provided the focus for the 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics, which led to the development of novel hypotheses from the ordinal to the species level for taxa of the Eucestoda. Conceptual roots for this meeting ema­nated from discussions initiated during the Ist Workshop chaired by Claude Vaucher and Jean Mariaux at the Museum of Natural History, Geneva in 1993.

Coccidia From Bats (Chiroptera) Of The World: A New Eimeria Species In Pipistrellus Javanicus From Japan, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fecal samples from 56 Japanese bats representing 6 species in 2 families were examined for coccidian oocysts. Two of the 56 (< 4%) were infected with coccidia; however, only 1 animal was infected with sufficient numbers of sporulated oocysts to allow the description of a new species of Eimeria. Sporulated oocysts (n = 150) of this new species are subspheroidal, 20.3 x 18.1 (16-25 x 14-21) μm, with ellipsoidal sporocysts 10.6 x 6.6 (8-12 x 5-8) μm; this species occurred in 1 of 4 (25%) pipistrelles, Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) (Vespertilionidae). Oocysts of another coccidium, also an Eimeria sp., were found in 1 of 3 (33%) horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (Rhinolophidae), but only 2 sporulated oocysts were seen, which is not enough …

Parasitological Data As Monitors Of Environmental Health, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner …

Notes: Forage Yield, Quality, And Fertility Of Sorghum X Sudan Grass Hybrids In A1 And A3 Cytoplasm, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, J. J. Toy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Currently, no information is available comparing the agronomic performance of A1 and A3 cytoplasms in sorghum x sudangrass [Sorghumbi color (L.) Moench] hybrids. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of A1 and A3 cytoplasm on the maturity, fertility, height, forage yield, and forage quality of sorghum × sudangrass hybrids. In 1989, pollen from a bulk of eight sudangrass populations was used to pollinate four sorghum lines that had been male-sterilized in both A1 and A3 cytoplasm. Hybrids were grown at the Univ. of Nebraska Field Laboratory Ithaca, NE, in 1990 and 1991, in a split-plot …

Parasitological Data As Monitors Of Environmental Health, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner …

Expression Of Follistatin And Inhibin/Activin Subunit Genes In Porcine Follicles, M.D. Li, L.V. Depaolo, J.J. Ford

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Expression of the follistatin (FS) and inhibin/activin (I/A) α, β_A, and β_B subunit genes in porcine ovarian follicles was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or RNase protection procedures to establish changes during the final stages of follicular development. For the I/A α and β_A subunits, expression increased (p < 0.05) as follicles progressed to the mid-stage of the follicular phase. The β_B, subunit was expressed in lower concentrations, and all three I/A subunits showed a marked reduction (p < 0.01) in expression by the late stage of follicular development. In contrast to this pattern, FS gene expression decreased (p < 0.05) as follicles developed from the early (low estradiol) to the mid stage (high estradiol) and continued to decline in advanced follicles (after estrus). The predominant mRNA encoded for FS-315, and the ratio of mRNA for FS-315 to mRNA for FS-288 did not differ significantly during the three stages. Within an animal, concentration of FS mRNAs was related more to stage of the follicular phase than to follicular size. Follicular fluid concentration of FS changed in a manner similar to that observed for expression of its gene. We conclude that expression of the FS gene and translation of its mRNA decrease as follicles approach ovulatory status.

Yield Of Wheat Across A Subambient Carbon Dioxide Gradient, Herman S. Mayeux, Hyrum B. Johnson, H. Wayne Polley, Stephen R. Malone

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Yields and yield components of two cultivars of day-neutral spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were assessed along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations from about 200 to near 350 µmol CO₂ (mol air)^–1 in a 38 m-long controlled environment chamber. The range in CO₂ concentration studied approximates that of Earth’s atmosphere since the last ice age. This 75% rise in CO₂ concentration increased grain yields more than 200% under well-watered conditions and by 80–150% when wheat was grown without additions of water during the last half of the 100-day growing season. …

Canopy Architecture And Morphology Of Switchgrass Populations Differing In Forage Yield, Daren D. Redfearn, Kenneth J. Moore, Kenneth P. Vogel, Steven S. Waller, Robert B. Mitchell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Phenotypic selection has been used to improve forage yield and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), but the effects on canopy architecture and morphology are not understood. Our objectives were to determine if canopy architecture and morphology can explain genotype x environment (G x E) yield differences in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and to evaluate canopy architecture and morphology as selection criteria for increasing yield. This study was conducted in 1993 near Mead, NE, and near Ames, IA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block experiment with a split-plot arrangement of four replicates at each location. Whole plots …

Genetic Variation In North American Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) Determined By Dna Markers, Martha L. Rowe, Donald J. Lee, Scott Nissen, Brunella M. Bowditch, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Levels of inter- and intrapopulation genetic variation were determined in five North American populations of leafy spurge using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) RFLPs and RAPD markers. Thirteen plastome types were identified among 123 individuals collected from five geographically separated populations. Number of pastimes within a population ranged from one to seven, with four of the populations having a predominate type plus one or more rarer types. Some plastome types were shared by populations, but plastome distribution among populations was nonrandom. RAPD markers indicated greatest relatedness among individuals within a population. Relatedness among populations as established through RAPDs was greater for geographically …

Twenty-Five Year Index To The Prairie Naturalist, Volumes 1-25, 1968-1993, Paul B. Kannowski

The Prairie Naturalist

Forward

Author Index

1.Articles and Notes

2. Book Reviews

3. Editorials

Subject Index

Geographic Index

Taxonomic Index

Plants

Animals

Other Records

The International Symposium On Galliformes 1997 (September 8-14, 1997 : Melaka, Malaysia), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Conservation and Birds in Malaysia I

Conservation of wildlife strategy and plan with special reference to pheasants, Musa Nordin

The protected area as in-sit conservation sites for pheasants in peninsular Malaysia, Sivanathan Elagupillay

The protected area network of Sarawak, Sauan Ahmad and Melvin Gumal

Management of Protected areas in Sabah with emphasis on pheasant conservation, Augustine Tuuge

Conservation and Birds in Malaysia II

The International Symposium On Galliformes 1997 (September 8-14, 1997 : Melaka, Malaysia), Department Of Wildlife And National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, World Pheasant Association, Birdlife International, Partridge, Quail, And Francolin Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Conservation and Birds in Malaysia I, Chair: Khan Momim Khan

Conservation of wildlife: Strategy and plan with special reference to pheasants, Musa Nordin

The protected area as in-situ conservation sites for pheasants in Peninsular Malaysia, Sivananthan Elagupillay

The protected area network of Sarawak, Sapuan Ahmad and Melvin Gumal

Management of protected areas in Sabah with emphasis on pheasant conservation, Augustine Tuuge

Conservation and Birds in Malaysia II, Chair: Khan Momin Khan

The status and current distribution of the crested argus (Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens) in Peninsular Malaysia, Nawayai Yasak and Ismail Mamat

Breeding ecology of red junglefowl, Arshad M. …

Defense Of Marriage Act: Isn’T It Ironic ... Don’T You Think? A Little Too Ironic?, Sherri L. Toussaint

Nebraska Law Review

This Comment examines the efforts of gays and lesbians to obtain marital rights and the resistance these efforts have encountered. An examination of the law demonstrates that prohibitions on same-gender marriages are unconstitutional at both the federal and state level, particularly with regard to the principle of equal protection. Part II of this Comment begins with a discussion of the interests that marriage serves for the individual citizen and society in general. This Part makes clear that gay and lesbian couples are similarly situated to heterosexual couples with respect to marriage rights. Then, because most arguments against same-gender marriage focus …

Toward A Conceptual Framework For Assessing Police Power Commitment Legislation: A Critique Of Schopp’S And Winick’S Explications Of Legal Mental Illness, Eric S. Janus

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Choosing a Conceptual Framework ... A. Broad vs. Narrow Explicandum ... B. Individual Rights/Status vs. State Interest Analysis ... C. The Role of Medical and Social Scientific Discourse

III. Evaluating the Conceptual Frameworks ... A. How Well Does the Framework Focus on Police Power Commitments Rather Than Parens Patriae Commitments? ... B. Explaining Gaps and Overlaps ... C. Evaluating the Role of Medical and Behavioral Science ... D. Tracing the Consequences of a Diminished Individual Rights/Status Approach vs. an Enhanced State Interests Approach

IV. Winick: Therapeutic Appropriateness and Parens Patriae ... A. Introduction ... B. The Strong …

Particle Mixing By The Polychaete Capitella Species 1: Coupling Fate And Effect Of A Particle-Bound Organic Contaminant (Fluoranthene) In A Marine Sediment, Susanne D. Madsen, Thomas L. Forbes, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

Particle mixing by the polychaete Capitella sp. 1 was investigated in a 22 d microcosm experiment in the presence and absence of the sediment-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene. Mixing by Capitella sp. 1 (30000 ind. m^–2) was examined using glass bead tracers (diam. = 30 to 100 μm) with and without a pulse introduction of fluoranthene to the sediment surface. Worms had a profound effect on the sediment appearance and reworked sediment in a conveyor-belt fashion. The predominant mode of mixing was bioadvective, and the worms created a subsurface maximum in the glass bead tracer profiles. Glass …

A Floristic Study Of The Republican River Valley In Nebraska With Emphasis On Endangered, Threatened, And Rare Plants, Steven J. Rothenberger

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The objectives of this study were: (1) to survey the Republican River Valley and selected tributaries in Nebraska for rare plant species (as listed by the Nebraska Natural Heritage program) and determine the present status of these species; (2) to identify and describe potential natural areas that, because of their location and/or species composition, are thought to have ecological value; (3) to complie a plant species check list for the study area in order to better understand species distributions and associations that impact rare species; and (4) to speculate as to the effect of instream river flows on the distribution …

Eumops Perotis, Troy L. Best, W. Mark Kiser, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Eumops perotis is the largest bat in the United States. The greater mastiff bat resembles other North American free-tailed bats, but is distinguished from other molossids by its large size and lack of long guard hairs on the rump (Barbour and Davis, 1969). E. perotis has the thinnest dentary of any Eumops (Freeman, 1981a).In the United States, E. perotis can be separated from E. underwoodi by its larger size (forearm is 73-83 mm in E. perotis and 65-77 mm in E. underwoodi), darker color, and lack of long guard hairs on the rump. The ears are longer (36-47 mm …