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Decapitation Impacting Effect Of Topically Applied Chlorpyrifos On Acetylcholinesterase And General Esterases In Susceptible And Resistant German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), No-Joong Park, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The effect of topically applied chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase and other esterases in heads and decapitated bodies of CSMA and Crawford German cockroaches was examined with spectrophotometric enzyme assay and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The toxicity of chlorpyrifos was greatly reduced in decapitated CSMA male cockroaches with LD50 value 17.1-fold higher than that of normal CSMA cockroaches. Acetylcholinesterase activity from heads was significantly higher in the Crawford compared with the CSMA strain and did not change until 24 h after chlorpyrifos in vivo treatment in both strains. The p-nitrophenyl butyrate (NPB) esterase activities from both heads and decapitated bodies of …

Ecotoxicological Risks Of Potential Toxicants For Brown Tree Snake Control On Guam, John J. Johnston, Richard E. Mauldin, Peter J. Savarie, Joseph E. Brooks, Thomas M. Primus

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is a nocturnal, arboreal, rear-fanged, mildly venomous, colubrid snake which can reach lengths of up to 2.3 m and weigh as much as 2 kg(1). Originally, the species' range included the northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea and nearby islands (2). It is believed that sometime in the 19501s, that snakes were inadvertently transported from New Guinea to Guam, where they proliferated (3). By the mid-1960’s, marked decreases in Guam's bird life were observed. By the mid-1980’s, snake densities were estimated at 50 to 100/hectare (13,000 to 26,000/sq mile), …

"References" For Carnivore Conservation, John L. Gittleman, Stephan M. Funk, David Macdonald, Robert K. Wayne, Eric M. Gese

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

119-page bibliography of works cited in in CARNIVORE CONSERVATION, edited by John L. Gittleman, Stephan M. Funk, David Macdonald, and Robert K. Wayne, Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Includes approximately 2,000 items.

Managing Soils To Achieve Greater Water Use Efficiency: A Review, Jerry L. Hatfield, Thomas J. Sauer, John H. Prueger

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a given level of biomass or grain yield per unit of water used by the crop. With increasing concern about the availability of water resources in both irrigated and rainfed agriculture, there is renewed interest in trying to develop an understanding of how WUE can be improved and how farming systems can be modified to be more efficient in water use. This review and synthesis of the literature is directed toward the understanding the role of soil management practices for WUE. Soil management practices affect the processes of evapotranspiration by modifying the available water in …

Pcr As A Diagnostic And Quantitative Technique In Veterinary Parasitology, Dante S. Zarlenga, James Higgins

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Over the past 15 years, there has been a dramatic evolution in molecular approaches to study parasites and parasitic diseases. Many of these advancements have been brought about through the development of new applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enhancements in sensitivity that can be achieved using PCR now permit scientists to investigate changes at the level of a single cell, far below what is often needed for parasite-derived applications. PCR has had a substantial impact on advances made in the areas of parasite systematics and epidemiology, immunology and host–parasite interactions, recombinant DNA vaccine development and most re- cently, …

Fallow Versus Wheat Cropping Of Unamendedand Manure-Amended Soils Related To Mycorrhizal Colonization, Yield, And Plant Nutrition Of Dry Bean And Sweet Corn, Brett L. Allen, Von D. Jolley, Charles W. Robbins, Larry L. Freeborn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Previous studies reported manure application to eroded Portneuf silt loam soil (Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) improved dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Viva) yield to levels of topsoil. These yield increases only correlated with whole-plant zinc (Zn) concentration and soil organic matter. This might be related to enhanced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization stimulated by manure application. A greenhouse study with dry bean suggested a relationship between manure application, increased AM colonization, and whole-plant Zn uptake, while field studies with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) did not. To clarify the apparent …

Methyl-Β-Cyclodextrin: An Alternative Carrier For Intravenous Infusion Of Palmitate During Tracer Studies In Swine (Sus Scrofa Domestica), Diane Wray-Cahen, Thomas J. Caperna, Norman C. Steele

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fatty acid-free albumin has been the standard carrier for intravenous infusion of fatty acids to study in vivo lipid metabolism. However, subjects can have adverse reactions to infusion of albumin. We sought an alternative to albumin as a carrier for intravenous infusion of fatty acids, using the pig as a model. Cyclodextrins are naturally occurring water-soluble molecules that can serve as carriers for lipid-soluble compounds. ¹³C-palmitate was complexed to either 20% methyl-β-cyclodextrin, 20% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, or 5% porcine albumin (isotopic purity of infusates: 99.22±0.06%). ¹³C-palmitate-albumin was infused under fed conditions and ¹³C-palmitate-methyl-β-cyclodextrin was infused under fasted and fed …

Mechanical Barrier For Preventing Climbing By Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) And Hide Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Larvae In Poultry Houses, Christopher Geden, David Carlson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Mechanical barriers consisting of bands of polyethylene terepthalate resin attached to wooden posts by latex caulk adhesive and staples were 100% effective in preventing passage of dispersing lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), larvae in the laboratory. Barriers continued to be 100% effective after being held in a caged layer poultry house for 3 mo. Polyethylene terepthalate barriers installed on support posts in a pullet house in Brooker, FL, were>92% effective against natural populations of lesser mealworm larvae 6 mo. after installation. The barriers also were >94% effective against natural populations of larvae of the hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, …

Hymenopteran Pupal Parasitoids Recovered From House Fly And Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Collected On Livestock Facilities In Southern And Eastern Hungary, Jerome A. Hogsette, Róbert Farkas, Csaba Thuróczy

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This field survey, the second noting the occurrence and diversity of filth fly pupal parasitoid fauna in Hungary, was performed on beef and dairy feedlots and swine facilities in the southern and eastern parts of the country. The filth flies Musca domestica L. And Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) Were the two most commonly parasitized hosts. The three species of Spalangia recovered, in decreasing order of abundance, were S. Cameroni Perkins, S. Nigroaenea Curtis, and S. Endius Walker. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani, Trichomalopsis sp., two apparently undetermined Diapriidae spp. And one apparently undetermined Brachycera sp. Are believed to be new country records.

Assessing Site Vulnerability To Phosphorus Loss In An Agricultural Watershed, Andrew N. Sharpley, Richard W. Mcdowell, Jennifer L. Weld, Peter J. A. Kleinman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A P index was developed as a tool to rank agricultural fields on the basis of P loss vulnerability, helping to target remedial P management options within watersheds. We evaluated two approaches, a soil P threshold and components of a P index, by comparing site vulnerability estimates derived from these two approaches with measured runoff P losses in an agricultural watershed in Pennsylvania. Rainfall–surface runoff simulations (70 mm h^-1 for 30 min) were conducted on 57 sites representing the full range of soil P concentrations and management conditions found in the watershed. Each site was comprised of two, abutting …

History, Current Status, And Collaborative Researchprojects For Bemisia Tabaci, M. R. V. Oliveira, T. J. Henneberry, P. Anderson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Bemisia tabaci was described over 100 years ago and has since become one of the most important pests worldwide in subtropical and tropical agriculture as well as in greenhouse production systems. It adapts easily to new host plants and geographical regions and has now been reported from all global continents except Antarctica. In the last decade, international transport of plant material and people have contributed to geographical spread. B. tabaci has been recorded from more than 600 plant species and there may be many additional hosts not yet formally documented. Biotypes have been identified in different areas of the world …

Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Milling And Baking Quality In A Soft X Hard Wheat Cross, Kimberley Garland Campbell, Patrick L. Finney, Christine J. Bergman, Daisy G. Gualberto, James A. Anderson, Michael J. Giroux, Dimuth Siritunga, Jiaqian Zhu, Francois Gendre, Catherine Roué, Aliette Vérel, Mark E. Sorrells

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Interclass hybridization between soft and hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) results in new genetic combinations of potential value.

Gis And Distributed Watershed Models Ii, Fred L. Ogden, Jurgen Garbrecht, Paul A. Debarry, Lynn E. Johnson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This paper presents representative applications and models that can take advantage of spatially distributed data in a geographic information system (GIS) format for watershed analysis and hydrologic modeling purposes. The intention is to inform hydrologic engineers about the current capabilities of GIS, hydrologic analysis modules, and distributed hydrologic models, and to provide an initial guide on implementing GIS for hydrologic modeling. This paper also discusses key implementation issues for individuals and organizations that are considering making the transition to the use of GIS in hydrology. Widespread use of GIS modules and distributed watershed models is inevitable. The controlling factors are …

Food Webs, Risks Of Alien Enemies And Reform Of Biological Control, D. R. Strong, R.W. Pemberton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

As ilwasions of alien species mount, biological control will become an increasingly important tool of conservation and agriculture. In an effort to understand indirect interactions in biological control, we review food web ecology in terms of resource competition, trophic cascades, intraguild predation, apparent competition, omnivory and a diverse set of tritrophic interactions. The most inclusive study suggests that food webs in biological control are simpler than in natural communities. Risks to non-target species created by biological control have been studied seriously for only about 20 years, and knowledge of these risks is incomplete. The greatest risks are known to be …

Innovative 15N Microplot Research Techniques To Study Nitrogen Use Efficiency Under Different Ecosystems, Ronald F. Follett

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Use of labeled ¹⁵N techniques can help improve and refine knowledge required to understand the dynamics of the N cycle under agricultural systems. The examples reported in this paper illustrate that, with creativity and careful planning, use of ¹⁵N-enriched or depleted fertilizers can be used in many types of N experiments with various crops, cropping systems, and in many types of agroecosystems. The objective is to report examples of a wide range of field studies that researchers can hopefully draw upon to design and utilize N isotope techniques that accomplish the objectives for their own research. Examples of …

Tractor Test 1781: White 8510, Agco Dt160, Agco Allis 9755, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Tractor Test 1795: White 8810, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 1793: Massey Ferguson 2220 Diesel 12-Speed, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA

The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data.

EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES

Purpose

The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary 388: Fendt 918 Vario Diesel, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA

The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data.

EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES

Purpose

The purpose of …

Pumpkinseed Population Characteristics In Nebraska Sandhills Lakes (Pisces, Centrarchidae: Lepomis Gibbosus), Jennifer C. Harrington, Craig P. Paukert, David W. Willis

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

We investigated pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) population characteristics in Nebraska Sandhills lakes because this region is near the southwestern edge of their native range. Pumpkinseeds were in low abundance (1.3-7.5 stocklength [i.e., ≥ 8 cm] fish per trap net night) and were collected from only seven of 30 lakes sampled. No preferred length (i.e., ≥ 20 cm) pumpkinseeds were collected in any of the seven lakes. Pumpkinseed relative weight (Wr) was positively related to bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and yellow perch (Perea flauescens) Wr, suggesting that high condition of pumpkinseed was not detrimental to condition of …

Influence Of Androstenedione On Sedentary Female Rats, Janet E. Steele

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The pUfPose of this study was to examine the influence of androstenedione supplementation on plasma testosterone, cortisol, and cholesterol, mean arterial pressure (MAP), body weight, organ weights, and bone mineral density (BMD) in female rats. At age 10 weeks, an initial BMD measure was made. Rats in the andro group (n = 13) received implants designed to deliver 1 μg androstenedione per gram body wt per day. Rats in the control group (n = 13) received similar implants containing dextrose. After 8 weeks an arterial catheter was surgically implanted. MAP was measured for 30 minutes during home cage rest and …

Physics Scores As Predictors Of The Medical College Admissions Test, Isabelle D. Cherney, Michael G. Cherney

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Assessment tools used in a physics course were evaluated in terms of their predictive ability of student performance on the medical colleges admissions test (MCAT) physical sciences subtest. In particular, using regression and correlational analyses, relationships between the exams, final exam, overall semester scores, quiz scores, lab scores, paper score, and the MCAT scores on the physical sciences subtest were analyzed. The strongest correlations with the subtest scores existed with those tools that assessed analytical abilities. Specifically, the score on a comprehensive, multiple-choice final exam provided a single tool that can serve as an effective predictor of the subtest score. …

Results Of The First Anuran Calling Survey In Nebraska, David S. Mcleod, John T. Vaughan, Kevin E. Church, Daylan Figgs

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

In 1997, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission began an anuran calling survey using routes following those of the upland game bird surveys. At each stop the observer recorded start and stop times, air temperature, cloud cover, precipitation events, wind speed (Beaufort scale), species heard calling, and the frequency of calls heard. An index of calling frequency was standardized on a scale of 1 (no call overlap) to 3 (full chorus). The number of sites occurring within a species' range (n) was determined based upon the number of sites per survey route and species distribution in Nebraska. A …

The Terrestrial Isopods Of Nebraska (Crustacea: Isopoda), William F. Rapp

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nine species in three families of terrestrial isopods were collected by the author in Nebraska between 1948 and 1998: Oniscidae (Oniscus asellus), Cylisticidae (Cylisticus convexus), and Porcellionidae (Armadillidium nasatum, A. vulgare, Metoponorthus pruinosus, Porcellio laevis, P. scaber, P. spinicornis, Trachelipus rathkei). Only Armadillidium vulgare was reported before 1948. All are native to Europe and Asia, and no species is native to the state.

Transactions Ofthe Nebraska Academy Of Sciences: Volume 27, 2001 Table Of Contents

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Table of Contents

Editorial Contents

Nebraska Academy of Sciences Officers, Policy Committee.....................ii

Editorial Board.....................iv

Membership Objectives and Friends of the Academy.....................v

Nebraska Association of Teachers of Science.....................vi

Preparation of manuscripts.....................inside back cover

Papers

Physics scores as predictors of the Medical College Admissions Test (Isabelle D. Cherney and Michael G. Cherney).....................1

The terrestrial isopods of Nebraska (Crustacea: Isopoda)(William F. Rapp).....................9

Results of the first anuran calling survey in Nebraska (David S. McLeod, John T. Vaughan, Kevin E. Church, and Daylan Figgs).....................13

Influence of androstenedione on sedentary female rats (Janet E. Steele).....................17

Pumpkinseed population characteristics in Nebraska Sandhills lakes (Pisces, Centrarchidae: Lepomis …

The Impact Of Unmediated Document Delivery On Faculty Use Of Traditional Interlibrary Loan At Wichita State University, Kathy A. Downes, Ted Naylor

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

In these times of growing journal prices and shrinking budgets, alternative methods of information access are a necessity. Document delivery services have become an important alternative to providing information access beyond traditional interlibrary loan services. This article analyzes the effect the "unmediated" EbscoDoc document delivery service had on traditional interlibrary loan in a medium sized academic library. Access to the service was provided to faculty members at Wichita State University for a period of approximately two years. Use of the service varied from faculty members who ordered one article to the "super" users who ordered from 100 to 400 documents. …

Leadership In Complex Organizations, Russ Marion, Mary Uhl-Bien

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

This paper asks how complexity theory informs the role of leadership in organizations. Complexity theory is a science of complexly interacting systems; it explores the nature of interaction and adaptation in such systems and how they influence such things as emergence, innovation, and fitness. We argue that complexity theory focuses leadership efforts on behaviors that enable organizational effectiveness, as opposed to determining or guiding effectiveness. Complexity science broadens conceptualizations of leadership from perspectives that are heavily invested in psychology and social psychology (e.g., human relations models) to include processes for managing dynamic systems and interconnectivity. We develop a definition of …

Occurrence Of Wolbachia In Selected Diabroticite (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Beetles, Thomas L. Clark, Lance J. Meinke, Steven R. Skoda, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Wolbachia are a rickettsial type bacteria that have been implicated as a cause of reproductive disruption and alteration in many insect species. Polymerase chain reaction assays of the 16S rRNA gene were conducted to reveal the prevalence of Wolbachia in 14 Diabroticite species, 12 Diabrotica, and two Acalymma. Assays revealed the presence of Wolbachia infection in three Diabrotica species; D. virgifera virgifera LeConte (all 40 individuals), D. cristata (Harris) (three of 25 individuals), D. lemniscata LeConte (all 20 individuals), and the two Acalymma species, A. blandulum (LeConte) (all 20 individuals), A. vittatum (F.) (one of 20 individuals). The …

Pcr–Rflp Of The Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase (Subunit I) Gene Provides Diagnostic Markers For Selected Diabrotica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Thomas L. Clark, Lance J. Meinke, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Adult and larval identification of Diabrotica can be difficult. Some adult identifications require considerable taxonomic experience while larvae of many Diabrotica species are morphologically indistinguishable. This study was conducted to determine whether 12 pest and non-pest Diabrotica species could be separated using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). A 1308 bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was amplified using PCR and digested using several restriction endonucleases. Double digests of COI amplicons with AluI and MspI resolved on polyacrylamide gels revealed several diagnostic inter- and intraspecific polymorphisms. A key to the 12 species …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Diabrotica Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Inferred From Analysis Of Combined Mitochondrial And Nuclear Dna Sequences, Thomas L. Clark, Lance J. Meinke, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The phylogenetic relationships of thirteen Diabrotica (representing virgifera and fucata species groups) and two outgroup Acalymma beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were inferred from the phylogenetic analysis of a combined data set of 1323 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the entire second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of 362 characters. Species investigated were D. adelpha, D. balteata, D. barberi, D. cristata, D. lemniscata, D. longicornis, D. porracea, D. speciosa, D. undecimpunctata howardi, D. u. undecimpunctata, D. virgifera virgifera, D. v. zeae, D. viridula, and outgroup A. blandulum and A. vittatum. Maximum …