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A Meta-Analytic Review Of The Effects Of High Stress On Eyewitness Memory, Kenneth A. Deffenbacher, Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod, E. Kiernan Mcgorty

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In the past 30 years researchers have examined the impact of heightened stress on the fidelity of eyewitness memory. Meta-analyses were conducted on 27 independent tests of the effects of heightened stress on eyewitness identification of the perpetrator or target person and separately on 36 tests of eyewitness recall of details associated with the crime. There was considerable support for the hypothesis that high levels of stress negatively impact both types of eyewitness memory. Meta-analytic Z-scores, whether unweighted or weighted by sample size, ranged from -5.40 to -6.44 (high stress condition–low stress condition). The overall effect sizes were -.31 for …

A Bjs Statistical Profile, 1992-2002: American Indians And Crime, Steven W. Perry

United States Public Health Resources

This report represents a compilation and new analysis of data on the incidents, prevalence, and consequences of violent crime among American Indians. The report uses data from a wide variety of sources, including statistical series maintained by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and the U.S. Census Bureau.
The findings reveal a disturbing picture of the victimization of American Indians and Alaska Natives. The rate of violent crime estimated from self reported victimizations for American Indians is well above that of other U.S. racial or ethnic groups and is …

Court Review: Volume 40, Issue 3-4 - Smarter Sentencing: On The Need To Consider Crime Reduction As A Goal, Michael Marcus

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

In February, 2004, Oregon Governor Ted Kulongoski directed a newly created “Public Safety Review Steering Committee” to “look at our public safety system from beginning to end” and to develop “strategies to make the system stronger” wherever it does not sufficiently protect Oregonians. In common with many states, Oregon long ago adopted a modification of the penal code to declare crime reduction among the purposes of sentencing. And in common with many states, Oregon has adopted a sentencing guidelines model that roughly directs sentencing to reflect crime seriousness, criminal history, and prison resources—largely or entirely ignoring crime reduction. Apparently in …

Court Review: Volume 40, Issue 3-4 - Complete Issue

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

No abstract provided.

Court Review: Volume 40, Issue 3-4 - Editor's Note

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

With this double issue—and coming issues on jury reform and judicial independence in the trial court—we will be back on schedule by the time of the American Judges Association’s annual conference in October in San Francisco. I have appreciated your patience as our publication schedule has lagged behind the calendar; I have also appreciated the many kind comments we’ve received regarding the quality of the articles you have received.

Court Review: Volume 40, Issue 3-4 - Problem-Solving Supervision: Specialty Probation For Individuals With Mental Illnesses, John Petrila, Jennifer L. Skeem

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

One of the most important developments in American law over the last decade has been the exponential growth of problem-solving courts. Such courts achieve efficiencies by consolidating certain types of cases before specially designated judges. Additionally, in many instances, problem-solving courts adopt a therapeutic focus by attempting to achieve outcomes (e.g., obtaining treatment for a defendant) that go beyond the traditional goals of the judicial system. A recent commentary in this journal noted that “problem-solving courts generally focus on the underlying chronic behaviors of criminal defendants.” These courts include, but are not limited to drug courts, mental health courts, domestic …

Faculty Of Color: On The Track But Out Of The Loop, Fred A. Bonner Ii, Aretha Marbley, Dianne Robinson

Different Perspectives on Majority Rules: 9th Annual Conference (2004)

As a follow up to two recent publications in Black Issues in Higher Education and The Chronicle of Higher Education Chronicle Review, this presentation will focus on the experiences of African American tenure-track faculty in predominantly White Institutions. Several themes are delineated and discussed as they relate to the professional and social integration experiences of this group.

Court Review: Volume 41, Issue 2 - Some Thoughts On The Problems Of Judicial Elections, Jeffrey Rosinek

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

Election season is within sight again, and with it come the obligatory attacks on the judiciary. Some call it simply campaigning or electioneering, while others believe it is more serious and a form of “judge bashing.” Whatever name the problems are given, the entire election process may have a marked effect on the independence of our judiciary, as well as the ethics of judges and judicial candidates. And in the end, because these problems affect the public’s faith in the judicial system, they must be addressed.

Court Review: Volume 41, Issue 2 - The Tyranny Of The “Or” Is The Threat To Judicial Independence, Not Problem-Solving Courts, Kevin S. Burke

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

If one values freedom, tolerance, and civil liberties, we live at a time when our planet is a dangerous place. Even if one accepts the notion that mankind is composed of decent and good human beings, not all societies place a premium on the values of freedom, tolerance, and civil liberties for all. While there are many factors that promote justice, judicial independence is the cornerstone to freedom and liberty. Now more than at other times in history, a strong, effective, and independent judiciary is imperative. Now more than ever, judges need to realize that maintaining an impartial independent judiciary …

Court Review: Volume 41, Issue 1 - Recent Evaluative Research On Jury Trial Innovations, B. Michael Dunn, Valerie P. Hans

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

During the past decade, state jury reform commissions, many individual federal and state judges, and jury scholars have advocated the adoption of a variety of innovative trial procedures to assist jurors in trials. These include reforms as prosaic as allowing juror note taking and furnishing jurors with copies of written instructions, through more controversial changes, such as allowing jurors to ask questions of witnesses or permitting them to discuss the case together during breaks in the trial. Accounts of the nature and purpose of the innovations and the pace of change are found in this issue of Court Review1 and …

A Critical Reading And Revision Strategy: Glossing Arguments As Cultural Work, Deborah Minter, Amy M. Goodburn

Department of English: Faculty Publications

Recently compositionists have focused on how writing functions both rhe­torically and culturally in the public sphere. Amy Lee (2000), for ex­ample, frames her booklength discussion of college composition in an understanding that “writing serves as the means by which we actively construct a self and a world that are, in turn, determined by the very language we have access to” (pp. 45-46; see also Berlin, 1996; Ervin, 1999; Wells, 1996). Such a view places pressure on writing teachers to develop generative activities that extend students’ existing capacities to summarize and analyze arguments. One activity that we’ve found useful is glossing. …

Review Of Aboriginal People And Other Canadians Shaping New Relationships Edited By Martin Thornton, Roy Todd, And David N. Collins, J. R. Miller

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

This collection of essays on the state of Aboriginal peoples in Canada is a reflection of the work of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) which reported in November 1996. The authors, all affiliated with Britain's University of Leeds, pay close attention to the opinions the RCAP report expressed, and some are markedly influenced by the Commission. Unfortunately, few of the contributors recognize the RCAP's limitations, much less the fact that the Commission's report has mostly been ignored by the government of Canada.

English 354: Advanced Composition: Writing Ourselves/Communities Into Public Conversations, Amy M. Goodburn, Heather Camp

Department of English: Faculty Publications

English 354: Advanced Composition is a required course for undergraduate majors in English, broadcast journalism, criminal justice, and pre-service English education, among others, at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, a research-one, land-grant institution with a student population of about 24,000. English 354 focuses on “intensive study and practice in writing non-fi ction prose” and has a prerequisite of at least one 200-level writing course.

In Writing Ourselves/Communities into Public Conversations, our students explore public and private arguments and analyze how arguments are made within each (overlapping) sphere. We want them to consider the varying and sometimes competing strategies used to construct …

University Of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension Connect, February 2004

Connect (University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension)

Inside this issue:

Pg. 3 Latino Voices Pg. 4 Environmental stewardship Pg. 7 Water use reduced

The Indigent Defense System In Nebraska: An Update

University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications

The Nebraska Minority and Justice Task Force was created as the joint initiative of the Nebraska State Bar Association and the Nebraska Supreme Court in October of 1999 to examine issues of racial and ethnic fairness within the Nebraska court and legal systems. The Task Force focused on four priority areas: Access to Justice, Court Personnel, Criminal and Juvenile Justice, and the Legal Profession. The results of the Task Force’s investigation, along with recommendations, were published in a report in January of 2003 (available on-line at www.nebar.com and www.unl.edu/ppc).

The major recommendation of the Final Report was to establish …

Characteristics Of Chinese Human Smugglers, U.S. Department Of Justice

Human Trafficking: Data and Documents

This study explored the inner workings of Chinese human smuggling organizations by going right to the source— smugglers themselves. Through field observations and face-to-face interviews in both the United States and China, researchers found that most human smugglers in this study were otherwise ordinary citizens. Their social networks provide the necessary connections and resources to conduct a profitable trade in arranging transportation for people who want to leave China illegally.

Paying For The Crimes Of Their Children: Public Support Of Parental Responsibility, Eve M. Brank, Victoria Weisz

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Parental responsibility laws, varying greatly within and among the states, appeared as one answer to the questions surrounding juvenile crime. Although these laws would seem to garner great public support under the new punitive attitude toward juveniles, no recent empirical studies were conducted on this topic. The current research examined public support of parental responsibility for crimes children commit. Contrary to expectations, public support was found to be relatively low. The public did place some responsibility on the parents when a juvenile crime occurred; however, agreement with blaming and punishing the parents was low. Political ideology and educational status served …

2004 Trafficking In Persons Report, U.S. Department Of State

Human Trafficking: Data and Documents

The State Department is required by law to submit a report each year to the Congress on foreign government efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. This June 2004 report is the fourth annual TIP Report. Although country actions to end human trafficking are its focus, the report also tells the painful stories of the victims of human trafficking—21st century slaves. This report uses the term “trafficking in persons” which is used in U.S. law and around the world, and that term encompasses slave-trading and modern-day slavery in all its forms.

The Nebraska Supreme Court Lets Its Probation Department Off The Hook In Bartunek V. State, 266 Neb. 454, 666 N.W.2d 435 (2003): "No Duty" As A Non-Response To Violence Against Women And Identifiable Victims, Gretchen S. Obrist

Nebraska Law Review

Because of the negligent supervision of one of its habitually violent intensive supervision probationers, the State of Nebraska allowed DaNell Bartunek to become the victim of a violent, knife-wielding attempted rape by her former boyfriend. This violent sexual assault followed a pattern of abuse and stalking directed at Bartunek, which the State knew about and had the ability to end by adequately controlling its probationer; however, the State did not intervene before the attack. The Nebraska Supreme Court has now decided that the State will not be held accountable for its lack of supervision and that Bartunek must bear the …

Examining U.S. Efforts To Combat Human Trafficking And Slavery, Committee On The Judiciary - United States Senate

Human Trafficking: Data and Documents

This Subcommittee is expressly chartered to oversee both constitutional and civil rights issues across America. Just last month, for example, the Subcommittee examined the pervasive problem of hostility to religious expression in public squares across America, and I think the hearing was beneficial regardless of whether you perceive there to be a problem or not.

Today’s hearing will examine U.S. efforts to combat human trafficking and slavery across America. As we continue to fight to protect the American way of life in our war against terrorism, we have also been fighting another war to protect American ideals and principles, a …

Effect Of Military Culture On Responding To Sexual Harassment: The Warrior Mystique, Michael I. Spak, Alice M. Mccart

Nebraska Law Review

Since September 11, 2001, criticizing firefighters, the police, or the military seems downright unpatriotic, if not treasonous. The purpose of this article is not to undermine the effectiveness of the U.S. military but to point out a weakness by suggesting that increased awareness of a problem and proposed solutions is one of the first steps toward resolution. It is time for more Americans to become aware of unfair treatment of women within the U.S. military, particularly regarding sexual harassment, so that some of the solutions that experts have proposed can have a chance at implementation and a chance at success, …

The Nebraska Minority And Justice Implementation Committee Progress Report

University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications

The Nebraska Minority and Justice Task Force was formed in 1999 by the Nebraska Supreme Court and the Nebraska State Bar Association (NSBA) to examine issues of racial and ethnic fairness within the Nebraska court and legal systems. Through two substantial grants from the State Justice Institute (SJI), administered through the University of Nebraska Public Policy Center, the Minority and Justice Task Force undertook a two-year research project, which culminated in a 200-page final report (the Final Report is available on-line at www.nebar.com and www.unl.edu/ppc). The report investigated topics as diverse as potential bias in criminal prosecution, sentencing, jury …

Job Exit Queues: Corporate Mergers And Gender Inequality, Terceira A. Berdahl, Helen A. Moore

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Purpose: to explore the experiences of employees in a local bank merger in the United States and examine the concept of job exit queues. We introduce the concept of a job exit queue, which describes how workers position themselves or are positioned by employers to leave jobs and enter new jobs following the announcement of a corporate merger.
Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative interviews with mid-level managers, technical specialists and low status workers during the sale and merger process were conducted and coded thematically. We explore: 1) how workers and managers describe the job search as an “opportunity” or as a recurring cycle …

University Of Nebraska—Lincoln: Fact Book 2003—2004

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Reports, Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Role and Mission Statement

The Role of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, chartered by the Legislature in 1869, is that part of the University of Nebraska system which serves as both the land-grant and the comprehensive public University for the State of Nebraska. Those responsible for its origins recognized the value of combining the breadth of a comprehensive University with the professional and outreach orientation of the land grant University, thus establishing a campus which has evolved to become the flagship campus of the University of Nebraska. UNL works cooperatively with the other three campuses and Central …

Victims And Offenders: Accounts Of Paybacks, Invulnerability, And Financial Gain Among Homeless Youth, Kimberly A. Tyler, Katherine Johnson

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Previous research has suggested that “victim” and “offender” are not mutually exclusive categories but rather represent a homogeneous pool in which offenders are victimized and victims also offend. Little is known, however, about the specifics of the victim and offender process. The current study formally addresses the following research questions: why are some individuals at higher risk for victimization compared to others; why do some young people offend while others do not; and finally, why are criminal victims likely to retaliate? Given that homeless young people generally have high rates of offending and are also exceedingly vulnerable to crime, they …

The State Department Of Education's Role In Creating Safe Schools, Marilyn Grady, Jean Haar, Mary Ann Losh

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

The authority for public education in the United States does not stem from the Constitution, but rather is a "reserved" power remaining with the states. It originates from the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the states those powers neither expressly given to the national govennnent nor denied to the state governments. However, most states have not exercised their authority for public education directly until recent decades. Education is a state function that is largely locally administered (Aikin, Linden, Noel, & Ray, 1992). Each state exercises its education function completely or in part through a state department of education that has …

Early Sexual Abuse, Street Adversity, And Drug Use Among Female Homeless And Runaway Adolescents In The Midwest, Xiaojin Chen, Kimberly A. Tyler, Les B. Whitbeck, Dan R. Hoyt

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Research on homeless and runaway adolescents has shown that this population is at high risk for illicit drug use. Though sexual abuse has been widely considered in the etiology of illicit drug use, we know less about how early sexual abuse affects young people’s decisions to run away, to use drugs, and to engage in other deviant behavior on the streets. Based on interviews with 361 female homeless and runaway adolescents in four midwestern states, the current study revealed a high prevalence of drug use, especially use of cocaine among youths with sexual abuse histories. Path analyses showed that early …

Mch Capacity-Building Models: A Summary

University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Report Approach and Components
Stakeholders in Maternal and Child Health in Nebraska
Capacity-Building Approaches
Individual Capacity-Building Models
Community Capacity-Building Models
Statewide Capacity-Building Models
Organizational Models
Observations
Summary
References

Crossing Boundaries To Engage In Difficult Dialogues , Judy A Rutledge Purnell

Different Perspectives on Majority Rules: 8th Annual National Conference (2003)

Crossing boundaries that lead to difficult dialogue touches upon the core of my academic existence. I teach about Africa and the world of Africans on a small predominately white campus outside of a major metro area. The topics that are introduced in my classes cross over many academic areas. With Africa as the starting point of all discussions, students gradually develop an "Afrocentric" perspective per the discussions of Asante. Not because it is the focus of the class, but because Africa is the origin of civilization according to Diop and others.

Juror Sensitivity To The Cross-Race Effect, Jordan Abshire, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Black and White mock jurors’ sensitivity to the cross-race effect was investigated by varying the race of the eyewitness in a simulated murder trial of a Black defendant. Participants heard an audiotape of a trial after which they rendered a verdict and rated the credibility of the witnesses. White participants found the prosecution witnesses (including the eyewitness) more credible, and the defense witness less credible, than did Black participants; they were also more likely to find the defendant guilty. The Black eyewitness was perceived as more credible than was the White eyewitness, but eyewitness race had no effect on verdict. …