Chapter 8: Examining The Utility Of Interviewer Observations On The Survey Response Process. Appendix 8, Brady T. West, Ting Yan, Frauke Kreuter, Michael Josten, Heather Schroeder

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 8A Additional Evaluation of Derived NSFG Classes

Figure A8A.1

Figure A8A.2

Table A8A.1

Table A8A.2

Table A8A.3

Appendix 8B Additional Details on ESS Items

Chapter 6: Behavior Change Techniques For Reducing Interviewer Contributions To Total Survey Error Appendix 6, Brad Edwards, Hanyu Sun, Ryan Hubbard

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 6A Medical Expenditure Panel Survey key statistics for prescribed medicines for those 65 and older in the U.S.

Appendix 6B CAPI screenshots

Appendix 6C Westat’s CARI code screenshots

Appendix 6D Coding scheme

Appendix 6E Flowchart of CARI rapid feedback process

Appendix 6F Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models

Appendix 6G Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models with interviewer experience

Appendix 6H Alert frequency

Chapter 10: Unintended Interviewer Bias In A Community-Based Participatory Research Randomized Control Trial Among American Indian Youth Appendix 10, Patrick Habecker, Jerreed Ivanich

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 10A Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Subscales

Table A10A.1: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Predicting Subscales of Internalizing Behavior

Table A10A.2: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Predicting Subscales of Externalizing Behavior

Chapter 14: Explaining Interviewer Effects On Survey Unit Nonresponse: A Cross-Survey Analysis. Appendix 14, Daniela Ackermann-Piek, Julie M. Korbmacher, Ulrich Krieger

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 14A Questionnaire for the Interviewer Survey

Table A14A.1 Original German Version and English Translation of the Questionnaire for the GIP 2012, PIAAC, GIP 2014, and SHARE Interviewer Surveys

Appendix 14A: Descriptive Statistics: The Interviewers of the GIP 2012, PIAAC, GIP 2014, and SHARE

Table A14B.1 Descriptive Statistics for Interviewer’s Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Work Experience, and Working Hours per Week, Separate by Survey

Table A14B.1 Cronbach´s Alpha for Indicators on Interviewer Characteristics, all Surveys Combined and Separate by Survey

Table A14B.2 Interviewer Survey: Factor Matrix for Items About Reasons for Working as an Interviewer, Including Variances

Table A14B.3 Interviewer Survey: Factor …

Chapter 18: Response Times As An Indicator Of Data Quality: Associations With Question, Interviewer, And Respondent Characteristics In A Health Survey Of Diverse Respondents. Appendix 18, Dana Garbarski, Jennifer Dykema, Nora Cate Schaeffer, Dorothy Farrar Edwards

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 18A Description of individual question characteristics and hypotheses for their relationship with RTs

Appendix 18B Description of established tools for evaluating questions and hypotheses for their relationship with RTs

Appendix 18C Sample Description

Table 18.C1. Number of completed interviews by respondents’ race/ethnicity and sample

Appendix 18D Additional Tables

Appendix 18E References

Chapter 17: Exploring The Antecedents And Consequences Of Interviewer Reading Speed (Irs) At The Question Level. Appendix 17, Allyson L. Holbrook, Timothy P. Johnson, Evgenia Kapousouz, Young Ik Cho

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Figure A17.A.1: Manipulation of Question Characteristics (Example Questions Shown)

Figure A17.A.2: Response Latency Validity Options Provided to Interviewers after Each Question where Response Latencies were Measured

Figure A17.A.3: Interviewer Behavior Codes Used to Identify Question Latency Problems

Appendix 17.B: Measurement of Response and Question Latencies Table A17.B.1: Validity of Response Latency Measurement
Table A17.B.2: Validity of Question Latency Measurement
References
Appendix 17.C: Questions in CAPI Survey for which Response Latencies were Measured

Chapter 16: Investigating The Use Of Nurse Paradata In Understanding Nonresponse To Biological Data Collection. Appendix 16, Fiona Pashazadeh, Alexandru Cernat, Joseph W. Sakshaug

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 16A: Descriptive statistics for available call records

Figure A16A.1 Histograms of wave 2 nurse visit call length by call status with outlier of 691 minutes removed from the ‘any interviewing done’ category

Figure A16A.2 Histograms of wave 3 nurse visit call length by call status with outlier of 464 minutes removed from the ‘any interviewing done’ category

Figure A16A.3 Bar chart of total number of calls per household at UKHLS wave 2 nurse visit

Figure A16A.4 Bar chart of total number of calls per household at UKHLS wave 3 nurse visit

Figure A16A.5 Histogram of total nurse visit time …

Chapter 22: A Comparison Of Different Approaches To Examining Whether Interviewer Effects Tend To Vary Across Different Subgroups Of Respondents. Appendix 22a, Geert Loosveldt, Celine Wuyts

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Table A22A.1 Substantive Questions about Climate Change and Energy (Module D) and Welfare Attitudes (Module E) Included in the Analysis

Syntax

Chapter 21: Modeling Interviewer Effects In The National Health Interview Survey. Appendix 21, James Dahlhamer, Aaron Maitland, Benjamin Zablotsky, Carla Zelaya

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Supplemental Table A21.1 Questions, Question Characteristics, and Intra-Interviewer Correlations (IIC)

Table A21.2 Descriptive Statistics for Respondent and Case Characteristics Included in Multi-Level Models

Table A21.3 Descriptive Statistics for County Measures Included in Multi-Level Models

Table A21.4 Descriptive Statistics for Interviewer Characteristics Included in Multi-Level Models

Table A21.5 Mock Dataset Structure Depicting Questions, Interviewer Groups, and IICs

Chapter 20: What Do Interviewers Learn? Changes In Interview Length And Interviewer Behaviors Over The Field Period. Appendix 20, Kristen M. Olson, Jolene Smyth

Interviewer Workshop, 2019: Interviewers and Their Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective

Appendix 20A Full Model Coefficients and Standard Errors Predicting Count of Questions with Individual Interviewer Behaviors, Two-level Multilevel Poisson Models with Number of Questions Asked as Exposure Variable, WLT1 and WLT2

Analytic strategyTable A20A.1 Coefficients and Standard Errors from Multilevel Poisson Regression Models Predicting Number of Questions with Exact Question Reading with Total Number of Questions Asked to Each Respondent as an Exposure Variable, WLT1 and WLT2

Table A20A.2 Coefficients and Standard Errors from Multilevel Poisson Regression Models Predicting Number of Questions with Nondirective Probes with Total Number of Questions Asked to Each Respondent as an Exposure Variable, WLT1 and …

Nutritional Value Of Crops Affected By Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations In Atmospheric Conditions, Alex Joseph Cusimano

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and the nutritional quality of crops. Using Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) to simulate elevated carbon dioxide levels, more review of previous literature was studied. Studies found that although there is a negative loss of nutrient availability, there are major signs that nutrient deficiencies. Nitrogen(protein), Iron, and Zinc are the most impacted with elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions. Further research and experiments regarding long term plant growth should be considered moving forward. With only limted situations and different CO2 …

Identity Negotiation In Multilingual Contexts: A Narrative Inquiry Into Experiences Of An African Immigrant High School Student, Lydiah Kananu Kiramba, James Oloo

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

Background/Context: Inclusion of African immigrant youth voices in educational and research discourses remains rare despite the steady growth of this population in the United States over the past four decades. Consequently, the multilingual abilities of these youth remain typically unnoticed or ignored in the classroom, and little is specifically known about their histories, cultures, expectations, and achievements.

Purpose: Using the narrative inquiry approach and the Natural, Institutional, Discursive, Affinity, Learner, and Solidarity (NIDALS) theoretical lens, we explore the lived experiences of one African immigrant high school student in the Midwestern United States.

Research Design: Using narrative inquiry (Clandinin & Connelly, …

Moving Beyond Executive Functions: Challenge Preference As A Predictor Of Academic Achievement In Elementary School, Michael J. Sulik, Jenna E. Finch, Jelena Obradović

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Intrinsic motivation and executive functions (EFs) have been independently studied as predictors of academic achievement in elementary school. The goal of this investigation was to understand how students’ challenge preference (CP), an aspect of intrinsic motivation, is related to academic achievement while accounting for EFs as a confounding variable. Using data from a longitudinal study of 569 third-, fourth-, and fifth-graders (50% female), we tested students’ self-reported CP as a predictor of mathematics and English language arts (ELA) achievement in multilevel models that controlled for school fixed effects and student demographic characteristics. CP was positively associated with mathematics and ELA …

An Integrated Relational Framework Of Depressed Mood And Anhedonia During Pregnancy, Rebecca L. Brock, Molly Franz, Erin L. Ramsdell

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: The aim of the present study was to test a unified framework that integrates several theories into a cohesive model to explain the interplay between neuroticism and intimate relationship quality as risk factors for prenatal depression.

Background: There is a notable spike in risk for depression during pregnancy, and the processes unfolding in the interparental relationship during this important time in the family life cycle might serve to mitigate or enhance this risk. Yet there is a need for theory-driven research integrating multiple conceptual frameworks to explicate the role of intimate relationship quality in depression.

Method: In a sample …

Climates For Ethnic And Racial Diversity: Latina/O Sorority And Fraternity Member Perspectives, Crystal Garcia

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

This qualitative critical narrative inquiry explored how members of Latina/o sororities and fraternities perceived campus climates for racial and ethnic diversity at predominantly White institutions. Using the multicontextual model for diverse learning environments, findings point to the significance of participants’ recognition of a misalignment between the espoused and enacted commitment to equity, inclusion, and diversity in relation to how they perceived the campus climate for racial/ethnic diversity. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Identification, Aggressiveness And Mycotoxin Production Of Fusarium Graminearum And F. Boothii Isolates Causing Fusarium Head Blight Of Wheat In Nebraska, Esteban Valverde-Bogantes

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important disease caused by several Fusarium species affecting wheat. Besides causing significant yield losses, infected grain may be contaminated with mycotoxins, primarily trichothecenes, that are harmful to both humans and animals. In recent years, reports of shifts in FHB pathogen populations in North America have highlighted the need for increased vigilance. This dissertation describes a four-year survey evaluating the species, trichothecene genotype and phenotypic diversity of FHB pathogens infecting Nebraska wheat. Most of the isolates were identified as F. graminearum (n=67). Additional species included F. boothii (n=3), F. poae (n=2) and F. acuminatum …

Anti-Atheist Discrimination, Outness, And Psychological Distress Among Atheists Of Color, Dena M. Abbott, Michael Ternes, Caitlin Mercier, Chris Monceaux

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Using a Concealable Stigmatized Identity (CSI) framework, the present study explored disclosure and concealment of atheist identity, anti-atheist discrimination, and psychological distress among participants (N = 87) identified as both atheists and people of color residing in the United States (US). Path analysis was utilized to examine the relationships among variables. Consistent with past CSI and outness research, the final model suggested small, significant associations between higher disclosure of atheist identity and more experiences of anti-atheist discrimination as well as between higher concealment and higher psychological distress. Unexpectedly, higher concealment of atheist identity was associated with higher anti-atheist discrimination …

Motivated Viewing: Selective Exposure To Political Images When Reasoning Is Not Involved, Clarisse Warren, Stephen Schneider, Kevin Smith, John Hibbing

Department of Political Science: Faculty Publications

Motivated reasoning is an important element of politics especially in these highly polarized times. People selectively expose themselves to information in a fashion that makes it possible to embrace arguments consistent with their existing biases and ignore arguments inconsistent with those biases. Often overlooked in the research on motivated reasoning and selective exposure to information, however, is that a substantial portion of politics is about affective responses—that which makes people feel good and that which makes people feel bad. In this paper, we introduce a novel indicator of people's tendency to prolong exposure to favored political images or to truncate …

Ideological Asymmetries In Social Psychological Research: Rethinking The Impact Of Political Context On Ideological Epistemology, Ingrid J. Haas

Department of Political Science: Faculty Publications

Ideological asymmetries in social psychological research: rethinking the impact of political context on ideological epistemology.

Conclusion

In sum, while I agree with many of the arguments raised by Clark and Winegard (this issue), we should continue to de-bate the degree to which liberals and conservatives are equally motivated by tribalism, especially in the context of contemporary American politics. While there is no doubt that personal political views influence the questions that scientists deem important, I do wonder to what extent the ideological biases recently observed in the field of social psychology generalize to the social sciences as a whole (and …

Training Future Agriculture Professionals In Landowner–Tenant Conservation Decision-Making, Andrea Basche, Angie Carter

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The landowner–tenant relationship is important to the implementation of conser- vation on agricultural lands. Women own or co-own a significant portion of U.S. farmland yet are underrepresented in conservation research. The next generation of agriculture professionals can benefit from first-hand experience in assisting women landowners and their tenants in navigating the complexities of conser- vation decision-making. This article analyzes undergraduate student perceptions of landowner–tenant relationships in conservation management through their engagement in case studies with women landowner–tenant pairs in the Western Corn Belt. Student groups were asked to complete a management improvement plan that both incorporated the agronomic and conservation …

Comments On “How Errors Cumulate: Two Examples” By Roger Tourangeau, Kristen M. Olson

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

This paper provides a discussion of the Tourangeau (2019) Morris Hansen Lecture paper. I address issues related to compounding errors in web surveys and the relationship between nonresponse and measurement errors. I provide a potential model for understanding when error sources in nonprobability web surveys may compound or counteract one other. I also provide three conceptual models that help explicate the joint relationship between nonresponse and measurement errors.

Tourangeau’s paper provides two interesting case studies about the role of multiple error sources in survey data. The first case study is one in which errors occur at different stages of the …

How Well Do Interviewers Record Responses To Numeric, Interviewer Field-Code, And Open-Ended Narrative Questions In Telephone Surveys?, Jolene Smyth, Kristen M. Olson

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Telephone survey interviewers need to be able to accurately record answers to questions. While straightforward for closed questions, this task can be complicated for open questions. We examine interviewer recording accuracy rates from a national landline random digit dial telephone survey. We find that accuracy rates are over 90% for numeric response and interviewer-code, single-response items but are astonishingly low (49%) for a multiple-answer, nominal, interviewer-code item. Accuracy rates for narrative open questions were around 90% for themes but only about 70% for themes and elaborations. Interviewer behaviors (e.g., probing, feedback) are generally associated with lower accuracy rates. Implications for …

Soldiers To Scientists: Military Service, Gender, And Stem Degree Earning, Christina Steidl, Regina E. Werum, Sela R. Harcey, Jacob Absalon, Alice Millermacphee

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The authors use 2014–2018 data from the American Community Survey to answer two questions: To what extent is military service associated with higher rates of earning a bachelor’s degree in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field (vs. a non-STEM field)? To what extent is this relationship gendered? The findings suggest that military service is associated with higher odds of completing a STEM degree and that this association is particularly strong for female veterans. Comparison across multiple STEM definitions suggests that military service does not simply channel women into traditionally female-dominated STEM fields. Instead, the findings show the biggest …

Transitions From Telephone Surveys To Self-Administered And Mixed-Mode Surveys: Aapor Task Force Report, Kristen M. Olson, Jolene Smyth, Rachel Horwitz, Scott Keeter, Virginia Lesser, Stephanie Marken, Nancy A. Mathiowetz, Jaki S. Mccarthy, Eileen O'Brien, Jean D. Opsomer, Darby Steiger, David Sterrett, Jennifer Su, Z. Tuba Suzer-Gurtekin, Chintan Turakhia, James Wagner

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Telephone surveys have been a ubiquitous method of collecting survey data, but the environment for telephone surveys is changing. Many surveys are transitioning from telephone to self-administration or combinations of modes for both recruitment and survey administration. Survey organizations are conducting these transitions from telephone to mixed modes with only limited guidance from existing empirical literature and best practices. This article summarizes findings by an AAPOR Task Force on how these transitions have occurred for surveys and research organizations in general. We find that transitions from a telephone to a selfadministered or mixed-mode survey are motivated by a desire to …

A Comparison Of Fully Labeled And Top-Labeled Grid Question Formats, Jolene Smyth, Kristen M. Olson

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The grid question format is common in mail and web surveys. In this format, a single question stem introduces a set of items, which are listed in rows of a table underneath the question stem. The table’s columns contain the response options, usually only listed at the top, with answer spaces arrayed below and aligned with the items (Dillman et al. 2014).This format is efficient for respondents; they do not have to read the full question stem and full set of response options for every item in the grid. Likewise, it is space efficient for the survey researcher, which reduces …

Competing Forces Of Withdrawal And Disease Avoidance In The Risk Networks Of People Who Inject Drugs, Elspeth Ready, Patrick Habecker, Roberto Abadie, Bilal Khan, K. Dombrowski

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

We analyze a network of needle-sharing ties among 117 people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural Puerto Rico, using exponential random graph modeling to examine whether network members engage in partner restriction to lower their risk of contracting HIV or hepatitis C (HCV), or in informed altruism to prevent others from contracting these infections. Although sharing of used syringes is a significant risk factor for transmission of these diseases among PWID, we find limited evidence for partner restriction or informed altruism in the network of reported needle-sharing ties. We find however that sharing of needles is strongly reciprocal, and individuals …

Contextualizing The Covid-19 Era In Puerto Rico: Compounding Disasters And Parallel Pandemics, Catherine Garcia, Fernando I. Rivera, Marc A. Garcia, Giovani Burgos, María P. Aranda

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak has worsened the ongoing economic crisis in Puerto Rico by creating "parallel pandemics" that exacerbate socioeconomic and health inequalities experienced by its most vulnerable residents. Unfortunately, conditions on the island have been largely overlooked by national media outlets and the mainland U.S. population. Thus, this research report aims to draw attention to the disparate burden multiple and compounding disasters have on older island-dwelling Puerto Rican adults’ health and well-being.

Methods: We characterize the lived experiences of the older population in Puerto Rico by incorporating data from numerous sources and contextualizing the effects of compounding disasters, the …

Prospects And Challenges Of Population Health With Online And Other Big Data In Africa; Understanding The Link To Improving Healthcare Service Delivery, Rowland Edet, Bolarinwa Afolabi

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Big data analytics offers promises to many health care service challenges and can provide answers to many population health issues. Big data is having a positive impact in almost every sphere of life in more advanced world while developing countries are striving to meet up. Even though healthcare systems in the developed world are recording some breakthroughs due to the application of big data, it is important to research the impact of big data in developing regions of the world, such as Africa and identify its peculiar needs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the challenges faced by …

Why Does The Importance Of Education For Health Differ Across The United States?, Blakelee R. Kemp, Jennifer Karas Montez

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The positive association between educational attainment and adult health (“the gradient”) is stronger in some areas of the United States than in others. Explanations for the geographic pattern have not been rigorously investigated. Grounded in a contextual and life-course perspective, the aim of this study is to assess childhood circumstances (e.g., childhood health, compulsory schooling laws) and adult circumstances (e.g., wealth, lifestyles, economic policies) as potential explanations. Using data on U.S.-born adults aged 50 to 59 years at baseline (n = 13,095) and followed for up to 16 years across the 1998 to 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement …

Are Biological Consequences Of Childhood Exposures Detectable In Telomere Length Decades Later?, Blakelee R. Kemp, Kenneth F. Ferraro

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Negative early-life exposures have been linked to a host of poor adult health outcomes, but are such early exposures associated with cellular senescence decades later? This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the association between six childhood exposure domains (e.g., socioeconomic disadvantage, risky parental behavior) and a biomarker of aging, telomere length, among 4,935 respondents. Telomere length is obtained from DNA of cells found in saliva and is measured as the telomere repeat copy number to single gene copy number ratio (T/S). Men who as children were exposed to risky parental …