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Ec88-220 1987-1988 Dairy Report

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 88-220 is the dairy report 1987-1988.

Annual Report: 1988

Cherry County (Nebraska) Extension: Historical Documents

Includes:

News Clippings

Water Quality in the Home

Horse Packet

Clothing and Textiles

4-H News

Cherry P.I.T.

Homemaker Reflections

Do Ant Brood Pheromones Exist?, Laurence Morel, Robert K. Vander Meer

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A brood pheromone is a chemical or mixture of chemicals released by immature stages that elicits a behavioral response in conspecific adults. The current literature devoted to brood pheromones in several ant species does not prove the existence of such a pheromone or even of brood-specific chemicals. The possibility of a food response or a nestmate recognition response, two of the most confounding factors, has not been eliminated. Two alternative hypotheses involving brood behavior, morphology, cuticular chemicals, and associative learning are proposed.

Effect Of The Insect Growth Regulator Fenoxycarh On The Ovaries Of Queens Of The Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), B. Michael Glancey, W. A. Banks

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The insect growth regulator, fenoxycarb, ethyl [2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl] carbamate, causes retrogression of the ovaries of mated queens of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Fenoxycarb completely suppresses growth of the follicular epithelium, nurse cells, and cytoplasm/yolkplasm. Most developing eggs are resorbed and no new workers are produced. Thus, prolonged exposure of the queen to the compound causes death of the entire colony. The ovaries return to normal if the queen is removed from exposure to the chemical.

Queen Pheromone Production And Its Physiological Correlates In Fire Ant Queens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Treated With Fenoxycarb, Martin S. Obin, B. Michael Glancey, W. A. Banks, Robert K. Vander Meer

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Biological assays were used to evaluate the effect of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb (ethyl (2-p-phenoxyphenoxy) ethyl carbamate) on production of queen-derived dealation inhibitory pheromone and the queen recognition pheromone of Solenopsis invicta Buren. Treated virgin and mated queens weighed less and were less capable of inhibiting dealation by female alates than were nontreated controls. Virgin queens that gained weight during the experimental trials produced more dealation inhibitory pheromone and more queen recognition pheromone than virgin queens that lost weight. Treated virgin queens with fenoxycarb-induced ovary dysfunction inhibited de alation in proportionally fewer alates than treated virgin queens of similar …

Insect Succession In A Stored-Corn Ecosystem In Southeast Georgia, R. T. Arbogast, M. A. Mullen

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Insect populations infesting a small bulk of corn stored in southeastern Georgia were followed for 8 yr by monthly sampling beginning 8 mo after the corn was placed in storage. The species composition of the insect community changed as the corn deteriorated. Nine species became dominant at some stage of succession. Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) was the dominant species when the first sample was taken. It was succeeded a month later by Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), which declined rapidly after 2 mo of dominance and died out during the third year. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was dominant at various times during the first …

Ec88-219 1988 Nebraska Swine Report, Steven M. Neal, Rodger K. Johnson, Roger J. Kittok, Colleen Kelly, Greg Bussler, Franklin Eldridge, Julie Farver-Koenig, Dwane Zimmerman, Donald G. Levis, J.J. Ford, R. K. Christenson, Murray Danielson, J.B. Morgan, Chris R. Calkins, Roger W. Mandigo, M. .. Brumm, David P. Shelton, Larry Bitney, Duane E. Reese, E.R. Peo Jr., J.D. Hancock, A. J. Lewis, William Ahlschwede, Daniel A. Burosh

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1988 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Relationships Among Calcium-Dependent Protease, Cathepsins B And H, Meat Tenderness And The Response Of Muscle To Aging, Chris R. Calkins, S. C. Seideman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to compare the relative importance of Ca-dependent protease (CDP) and cathepsins B and H to meat tenderness and changes in tenderness in response to postmortem cooler aging. Charolais bulls (n = 8) and steers (n = 7) were slaughtered at 15 mo of age, and total activities of CDP-I (a protease with neutral pH optimum that requires micromolar amounts of Ca for activity) and cathepsins B and H (lysosomal proteases with acidic pH optima) were determined within 1 h. Shear-force values were obtained after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 14 d of aging. Data were pooled …

Escape Protein Supplementation Of Yearling Steers Grazing Smooth Brome Pastures, S. J. Anderson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, V. Wilkerson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two grazing trials utilizing individually supplemented yearling steers were conducted to study the effect of supplemental escape protein on steer performance during the active growth periods, spring and fall, of smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Graded levels (0, .11, .23 and .34 kg x head^-1 x d^-1) of an equal-protein-basis mixture of bloodmeal and corn gluten meal were offered daily, replacing corn starch, which was used as the negative control. All steers received 582 g supplemental dry matter per day. Supplementation with escape protein improved daily performance in both spring (P<.01) and fall (P<.02). Analysis of pooled data from both trials indicated a linear (P<.01) and quadratic (P<.05) increase in steer performance with increasing level of escape protein in the diet. Analysis of grass samples collected throughout and composited over each trial demonstrated that grass protein was highly degraded in the rumen. Using a modified dacron bag technique, 12-h degradability was found to be 80 to 90% of the potentially digestible protein fraction. Rates of protein degradability were 14 and 11.7%/h. Assuming 5%/h rate of passage, escape protein was calculated to be 9.2 and 13.1% of total protein. As a result of the significant growth response observed above that of the energy-supplemented controls and the high ruminat protein degradabilities of the grass observed in the laboratory, it was concluded that growing ruminants grazing actively growing smooth brome pastures were deficient in metabolizable protein.

Male Sterility In Soybean-An Overview, Robert Graybosch, Reid G. Palmer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The most common type of reproductive mutations observed in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]are those that induce male sterility.The high frequency of occurrence of male-sterile mutations indicates that a number of genes influence the processes of microgametogenesis and microsporogenesis. The current knowledge of these mutations is summarized. The origins of male-sterile mutations, their inheritance patterns, and known linkage relationships are detailed. The phenotypic expression of male-sterile mutations, including their effects on both male and female reproduction, is discussed. The influence of environment on the expressivity of male sterile mutations, and the effects of male-sterile mutations on physiological processes …

1988 Nebraska Swine Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

1988 Nebraska Swine Report

Response Of Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) To Changes In The Concentration Of Blood, Egg, And Milk In The Larval Diet, David B. Taylor

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Larvae of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were reared on diets with varying concentrations of whole dried bovine blood, whole dried egg, and nonfat dried milk. Pupal weight, egg to pupal survival, adult emergence, sex ratio, fecundity, and fertility were significantly affected by one or more of the dietary components. Curvilinear models for the effect of dietary component concentration on life history parameters were derived by multiple regression. Most models resulted in bell-shaped curves that were used to calculate optimal diet component concentrations. Biomass, survival, emergence, and fecundity were maximized at 6% blood, 5% egg, and 1.3% milk.

Seed-Germination Studies Of Psoralea Esculenta Pursh (Indian Turnip) And Psoralea Argophylla Pursh (Silver Scurfpea), Linda L. Spessard

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Seed germination of Psoralea esculenta Pursh and Psoralea argophylla Pursh was investigated using treatments involving scarification and gibberellic acid. The percentage of germination in the treatment using scarification was much higher than when using gibberellic acid.

Comparison Of Two Gelling Agents For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larval Diets, David B. Taylor

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A sodium polyacrylamide polyacrylate gelling agent, Water-Lock G-400, and a galactan polysaccharide agent, carrageenan, were compared for solidifying larval diets of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Water-Lock diet produced larger pupae with less larval mortality than did carrageenan diet. Pupae from larvae reared on the Water-Lock diet exhibited higher emergence and produced adults with higher fecundity. Water-Lock diet also produced larger larvae at 56 h after oviposition. Densities in excess of 300 mg of eggs (16,200 eggs) per liter of Water-Lock gelled diet did not increase larval yield but did reduce larval weight and survival.

Patterns Of Resource Use By A Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner On A Native Crucifer, S. K. Collinge, Svata M. Louda

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Distribution and damage of Scaptomyza nigrita Wheeler on its host (bittercress, Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray), a native perennial crucifer, were examined over two growing seasons in relation to leaf position. Concentrations of defensive compounds (glucosinolates) and of nutritive compounds (total nitrogen, free amino acids, soluble carbohydrates) were also examined. The fly-host plant relationship was studied in sun and shade habitats at two sites. Oviposition and leaf-mining damage were concentrated on the lower central leaves of a stem in both habitats. These mature leaves have lower glucosinolate concentrations than new leaves. Adult densities and larval feeding damage were consistently and significantly …

Can We Guarantee The Safety Of Genetically Engineered Organisms In The Environment?, Kathleen H. Keeler, Frances E. Sharples

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Can we guarantee the safety of genetically engineered organisms in the environment? To anticipate my remarks, the answer to the title question is “No, we cannot guarantee the safety of genetically engineered organisms released into the environment.” Indeed, it is a tenet of the scientific method that nothing can be proved, only disproved. Thus, we can never show that a release will be safe. We could only show that it would be unsafe, if that were the case. However, if the question is posed differently, for example, can we safely release genetically engineered organisms into the environment?, the answer is …

Description Of Gracilacus Harnicaudata Sp. N. (Nemata : Criconematidae) With Biological And Histopathological Observations, Ignacio Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obese criconematid females and larvae forming colonies were detected under the root cortex attached to the vascular cylinder of redwood roots, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. These specimens have been determined to represent a new species of Criconematidae, Grmilacus lzanzicaudata sp. n. Mature females are obese at midbody but posteriorly the body is constricted and hooked shaped with a rounded tail terminus. Annuli are conspicuous only anteriorly and posteriorly. The cephalic region has four submedian lobes and a circular oral disc. The vulval-lips protrude and the lateral field is marked with four lines. Eggs are partially embedded in a mucoid-like …

Pheasants: Symptoms Of Wildlife Problems On Agricultural Lands: Proceedings Of A Symposium Held At The 49th Midwest Fish And Wildlife Conference (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: December 8, 1987), Diana L. Hallett, William R. Edwards, George V. Burger

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

100 years of ringnecks: An historical perspective on pheasants in North America, George V. Burger

Distribution and abundance of the ring-necked pheasant in North America, Robert B. Dahlgren

Federal pheasants-Impact of federal agricultural programs on pheasant habitat, 1934-1985, Alfred H. Berner

Wildlife ppportunities within federal agricultural programs, Stephen J. Brady and Rex Hamilton

The dynamics of pheasant Abundance During the transition of intensive row-cropping in Illinois, Stanley L. Etter, Richard E. Warner, G. Blair Joselyn, and John E. Warnock

Habitat management: How well do we recognize the pheasant facts of life? Richard E. Warner

A population model as an aid …

Wpa News 18 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (December 1987), number 18

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Cc318 Revised 1987 Nebraska Integrated Reproductive Management Project : An Update And Results, Rick Rasby

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Campaign Circular 318 Revised: contains information regarding the Integrated Reproductive Management program and their goals. It also talks about the benefits of the program and how they affect the life span of cattle. The revision includes better graphics and updated information about the program.

Potential For Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning Of Livestock By Indiangrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid poisoning of livestock by sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] and sudangrasses [Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf] is caused by the digestive liberation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from the cyanogenic compound, dhurrin [(S)-p-hydroxymandelonitrile ,β-D-glucopyranoside] found in tissue of these plants. Recent research documented that dhurrin is also present in indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] seed- lings. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of forage from established stands of indiangrass. Five cultivars representative of indiangrass germplasm of the Great Plains were sampled during the growing season for 2 years …

The Bird Strike Hazard (Bash) Program, Capt. Edgardo R. Farrraro, Capt. Russell P. Defusco

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The hazards birds pose to aircraft has been of concern to the Air Force for more than 20 years. After losing several aircraft due to bird strikes in the early 1960's, the Air Force formed a team to evaluate bird hazards to Air Force aircraft. The team, from the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL) at Kirtland AFB NM, handed over this mission to the Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Team at HQ Air Force Engineering and Services Center (AFESC) at Tyndall AFB in 1975. In 1986 (October) the BASH team moved to Boiling AFB, Washington DC.

The Air Force sustains …

Preliminary Testing Of A Selenium-Based Systemic Deer Browse Repellent, T.R. Angradi, W.M. Tzilkowski

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Silviculturists use a variety of techniques, including repellents, to reduce browse damage by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to valuable eastern hardwood seedlings. Systemic selenium, sodium selenite, was evaluated with captive white-tailed deer for its repellency in white ash (Fraxinus americana) and black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings. Selenium had no effect in reducing browsing of black cherry. However, there was a reduction (p<0.05) in the white ash browsing level.

Animal Science Newsletter, Fall 1987

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Animal Science Newsletter,

New Animal Science Complex Construction

IANR Open House Oct. 8, 1987

Faculty and Staff News

Calendar of Events

New Faculty

Faculty Retirement

Block and Bridle Club

Nebraska’s Integrated Reproductive Management (IRM) Program

Death

New Thrust in Forage Analysis and Utilization

County Fair Livestock Judging Clinic – March 23-25, 1988

Judging Teams Have a Successful Year

Animal Science Newsletter, Fall 1987

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Animal Science Newsletter,

New Animal Science Complex Construction

IANR Open House Oct. 8, 1987

Faculty and Staff News

Calendar of Events

New Faculty

Faculty Retirement

Block and Bridle Club

Nebraska’s Integrated Reproductive Management (IRM) Program

Death

New Thrust in Forage Analysis and Utilization

County Fair Livestock Judging Clinic – March 23-25, 1988

Judging Teams Have a Successful Year

Home Economics Teachers’ Perceptions Of What Is Being Taught Compared With Parents’ And Agency Representatives’ Perceptions Of What Should Be Taught, Kendra L. Vance

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to determine what home economics teachers perceive they are teaching and compare their perceptions with what parents and social service agency representatives in economically depressed counties perceived students should be taught. In 1986, Johnson determined parents' and social service agency representatives' perceptions of the importance of home economics concepts for high school students. In March 1987, a questionnaire, adapted from Johnson's Nebraska Home Economics Needs Assessment questionnaire, was mailed to 50 high school home economics teachers from 41 economically depressed counties throughout Nebraska. Half of the teachers (project teachers) had assisted in data collection …

Wpa News 16 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (July 1987), number 16

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Agricultural Research Division 101st Annual Report, July 1, 1986, To June 30, 1987

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

In compliance with the intent of the law of the State of Nebraska that established the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station on March 31, 1887, it is a pleasure to compile this 101st Annual Report. This publication contains lists of current faculty, active projects, refereed journal publications, brief descriptions of research in selected areas, and the financial report for the period July 1, 1986, through June 30, 1987.

Foreword ... v

Administrative Personnel ... vii

Administrative Units ... viii

Organizational Chart ... viii

Faculty ... 1

Research Highlights ... 13

Research Projects ... 33

Publications ... 45

Map of Research Sites …

Control Of Ecosystem Processes By Prairie Dogs And Other Grassland Herbivores, James K. Detling, April D. Whicker

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Black-tailed prairie dogs in the mixed-grass prairie at Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, create habitat patches characterized by altered species composition, lower standing crops of plants, but higher forage quality. Native wildlife species such as bison, pronghorn, and elk preferentially feed on these prairie dog colonies and likely derive nutritional benefits from doing so.

Efficacy Of Deferred Grazing In Reducing Prairie Dog Reinfestation Rates, Kelly A. Cable, Robert M. Timm

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Population growth of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) was studied in 1985 and 1986 at 20 prairie dog towns on short- and mixed-grass rangeland in western Nebraska, to determine the efficacy of 2 years deferred (May 1 - Sept. 1) grazing in reducing population growth rates following population reduction. In 1985, population growth measures on deferred sites were not significantly different from grazed sites, perhaps due to drought conditions. In 1986, natality and population growth (% increase in animals) were significantly lower on deferred sites than on sites grazed by livestock. Deferred sites studied both years showed significant …