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Ec97-277 Minerals And Vitamins For Beef Cows, Richard J. Rasby, Dennis R. Brink, Ivan G. Rush, Don C. Adams

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Introduction

Mineral supplementation programs range from elaborate, cafeteria-style delivery systems to simple white salt blocks put out periodically by producers. The reason for this diversity: little applicable research available for producers to evaluate mineral supplement programs. There is a need of information regarding mineral composition and availability from various feedstuffs (i.e. pasture grasses, hays, by-products, etc.) and the possible interactions between minerals in the digestive system. Also lacking is a data base to establish accurate estimates of mineral requirements for beef cattle.

Assessing the consequence of mineral deficiencies in the cow, calf or stocker animal is difficult because slightly lowered …

Nf97-317 Managing Dairy Cows To Avoid Abomasal Displacement, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses feeding strategies to reduce the incidence of displaced abomasum in your dairy herd.

Nf97-320 Daily Activities For Family Time Together, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact has suggestions for family activities and outings.

G97-1313 Designing Preventive Health Management Programs For Cattle Producers, Dicky D. Griffin, Louis Perino, Gary Rupp, Eddie Hamilton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The NebGuide details recommendations for a beef cattle herd immunization program.

This NebGuide presents two flow sheets which detail the recommendations for a beef cattle herd immunization program: the Calf through Weaning Preventive Health Management Flow Sheet and the Heifers, Cows and Bulls Preventive Health Management Flow Sheet. While this NebGuide emphasizes the procedures conducted on cattle at each cattle handling opportunity, it is very important to note the role a high quality nutritional program plays in building a total herd health program. You are encouraged to work with a qualified beef cattle nutritionist and your veterinarian when developing your …

Nf97-316 School Lunch Requirements Using Nutrient Standard Menu Planning, Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact contains information on Nutrient Standard Menu Planning.

Constraints On Frugivory By Bears, Christy A. Welch, Jeffrey Keay, Katherine C. Kendall, Charles T. Robbins

United States National Park Service: Publications

Bears consuming wild fruits for fall energy accumulation are constrained by several factors, including intake rate, the physiological capacity of the gastrointestinal tract, and the metabolic efficiency of gain in body mass. We measured these relationships through foraging and feeding trials using captive and wild black bears (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). Four fruit types covering a range of sizes and clustering were offered to captive bears to determine the effect of density, size, and presentation on intake rate. Intake rate (in grams per minute) and bite rates (in bites per minute) increased curvilinearly …

Human Mate Selection Based On Developmental Stability As Signaled Through Physical Attractiveness: An Assessment Of The Traits Used To Determine Attractiveness And The Evolutionary Mechanisms For Their Development, Erin H. Kimmerle

Nebraska Anthropologist

What are the criteria used to select a mate? Study of this question on non-human subjects has shown many organisms choose mates based on assessments of health, youthfulness, and fertility, as signaled through certain physical characteristics. Investigations into the mating behaviors of humans, cross-cultural studies of attractiveness, and current medical research link features of attractiveness with health and support the evolutionary perspective that beauty is more than an arbitrary cultural creation. The characteristics which males and females find attractive in the opposite sex are largely the results of the evolution of sexual selection and serve to inform potential mates of …

Human Responses To Bison Nutritional Variability: An Illustration From The Central Plains, Chris Widga

Nebraska Anthropologist

The relation of prehistoric human groups to bison populations in the Central Plains has long been the subject of both speculation and debate. Recent research has shown that bison are relatively sensitive to changing environmental conditions (Bamforth, 1988; Bozell, 1995; Speth and Pany, 1978; Emerson, 1990). This sensitivity is visible in physiological and behavioral adaptations used by bison to deal with change. Ukewise, evidence for these adaptations is present in faunal assemblages from Central Plains archaeological sites. In order to determine the nature of these adaptive charaderistics, a model must be developed which goes beyond traditional presence/absence tabulations of faunal …

Whooping Crane Mortality At Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 1982–95, Glenn H. Olsen, Joanna A. Taylor, George F. Gee

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Whooping cranes (Grus americana) have been reared at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center since 1966. During 1982-95 there were 103 mortalities caused by infectious and parasitic diseases (46%), trauma (21 %), anatomic abnormalities (17%), miscellaneous conditions (12 %) I and open or no diagnoses (5 %). The implications that disease may have on new whooping crane flocks in Florida and Canada are discussed, based on these mortality factors in captivity.

Metal Consumption By Whooping Cranes And Possible Zinc Toxicosis, Marilyn G. Spalding, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Martin J. Folk, Lee R. Mcdowell, Maria S. Sepulveda

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Fourteen captive-reared whooping cranes (Grus americana) were transferred to a pen for soft-release in Florida. Nine were killed by predators within 6 months. We found metal objects in the stomachs of 6 of these 9 either by radiography or at necropsy. All 6 had elevated serum zinc (Zn) concentrations (x = 10.3 ± 2.7 flg/ml, range 7.2-14 .ug/ml) when compared to 3 without metal in their stomachs (X = 2.4 ± 0.92 flg/ml, range 1.6-3.4 J1.g/ml). We observed lethargy, abnormal posture, anemia, and elevated white blood cell counts in 2 cranes at or near the time of elevated …

Long Bone Fracture Management In A Sandhill Crane: A Case Report, Patrice N. Klein, Dorothy Thompson

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

A 65-day-old, juvenile Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) sustained an oblique fracture of the right middiaphyseal femur. Internal fixation by use of an intramedullary pin and full cerclage wire was performed to stabilize the fracture site. Post-operative medical management of these fractures is often unsuccessful due to secondary complications associated with long-term restraint. This report describes the successful recovery of an endangered sandhill crane with a long bone fracture of the pelvic limb through a program of incremental physical therapy beginning 2 weeks post-femoral fracture repair. Sling support, assisted walking, and hydrotherapy were methods effective in preventing …

Space Allocation Decisions For Barrows And Gilts, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine if barrow and gilt performance could be modified by varying pen space allocation for each sex and whether performance of barrows given less space per pig could be enhanced with a more nutrient-dense diet. Barrows given 6 ft² of pen space per pig consumed less feed and grew slower with no effect on lean gain compared to barrows provided 7 ft² of pen space per pig. Increasing diet nutrient density by feeding the diet sequence recommended for gilts to barrows had no effect on performance for barrows at 6 ft² per …

Pork Quality Assurance...Dollars And Sense, Angela Baysinger

Nebraska Swine Reports

Is there any reason a pork producer would not want to reduce production cost or improve management skills? With the pork industry becoming more consumer driven, should producers take an active role in producing a quality pork product? The Pork Quality Assurance (PQA) Program, developed by the National Pork Producers Council on behalf of the pork industry, is available to help pork producers answer these questions and ensure future success.

The Effects Of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Odor In Swine Facilities, Claudia Obrock H.

Nebraska Swine Reports

The effect of dietary manipulation on odor emission in a research pig facility was evaluated with 26 finishing gilts (initial weight 161 lb). The two diets were formulated to contain 13% crude protein or 9% crude protein supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Two environmental chambers were used and each housed a group of four or five gilts for 21 days. Relative humidity, temperature and air exchange were maintained throughout the experiment. Samples of feces and air were taken on days 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 of the experiment. Aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulphide concentrations were measured using detector …

Segregated Early Weaning Of Pigs: Dietary Challenges And Opportunities, Stacy Norin, Duane Reese, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

Segregated early weaning (SEW) technology is being adopted by many producers in the pork industry. With the implementation of this technology come many challenges and opportunities to exploit the lean-growth potential and health status of the SEW pig. This review provides insight into some of the reasons for these challenges and discusses some possible ways of utilizing the unique characteristics of the SEW pig to reduce production costs.

Purple Sulfur Bacteria In Anaerobic Treatment Lagoons, Richard K. Koelsch, Tong Tong Chen, Dennis D. Schulte

Nebraska Swine Reports

Purple or pink colored lagoons, indicating the presence of purple sulfur bacteria, are less likely to be considered an odor nuisance than a more typical non-purple lagoon. The design and management factors that encourage the growth of purple sulfur bacteria are poorly understood. A study of eight purple and non-purple lagoons was initiated during the spring and summer of 1996. The intent of this effort was to identify critical factors that would allow purple lagoons to become a more predictable odor control alternative. A preliminary comparison of design and management factors assumed to be critical suggests more similarities between these …

Growth Performance And Digestive And Metabolic Responses Of Finishing Gilts Penned Individually Or In Groups, Sergio Gómez-Rosales, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted using one or four finishing gilts/pen to identify factors related to the lower performance of pigs penned in groups. Feed intake, daily gain and final weight were greater in pigs penned individually. There was a trend for greater loin weight and primal cut percentage for pigs penned individually. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy and the plasma concentrations of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids were similar for both individually and group-penned pigs. These results suggest the lower performance of group-penned pigs is related neither to changes in digestive processes nor plasma …

Retention Of Selected Nutrients In Grilled Boneless Pork Chops, Judy A. Driskell, Fayrene Hamouz, Sharon Davis, David Giraud, Jidong Sun

Nebraska Swine Reports

Fresh pork Canadian Backs, cut into boneless pork chops, were cooked to 160°F internal temperature by grilling at one of the following temperatures: 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400°F. Significantly longer cooking times were observed for chops grilled at 200°F than for those grilled at the higher temperatures. The yields, as well as the moisture and crude fat content of the chops in the different treatments, were similar. Retention values for selenium were similar for all treatment groups. Chops grilled at 400°F had significantly lower retention values for vitamin E and thiamin and a tendency for lower retention values for …

1997 Nebraska Swine Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

1997 Nebraska Swine Report

Molecular And Functional Characterization Of A Novel Low-Affinity Cation Transporter (Lct1) In Higher Plants, Daniel P. Schachtman, Raman Kumar, Julian I. Schroeder, Ellen L. Marsh

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The transport of cations across membranes in higher plants plays an essential role in many physiological processes including mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and the transduction of environmental signals. In higher plants the coordinated expression of transport mechanisms is essential for specialized cellular processes and for adaptation to variable environmental conditions. To understand the molecular basis of cation transport in plant roots, a Triticum aestivum cDNA library was used to complement a yeast mutant deficient in potassium (K⁺) uptake. Two genes were cloned that complemented the mutant: HKT1 and a novel cDNA described in this report encoding a cation …

Effects Of Supplementing High Levels Of Cu, Co, Mn, And Zn After Calving On Productivity Of Two-Year-Old Cows, Pete Olson, Dennis R. Brink, Mike Carlson, Dave Hickok, Norman Shcneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Dave Colburn

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

When cow management, health and nutrition are adequate. supplementation of trace minerals at high levels is not beneficial and may in fact be detrimental to reproductive performance.

Estimating In Situ Degradability Of Protein In Forages, Ryan Mass, Greg Lardy, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In situ neutral detergent fiber nitrogen is an effective method of estimating undergraded intake protein in forages. The information obtained allows for more accurate protein formulation of ruminant diets.

1996 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Contents:

Cow-Calf: Range or Meadow Regrowth Grazing and Weaning Effects on Two Year-Old Cows • Grazing: An Alternative to Haying Subirrigated Meadows in the Nebraska Sandhills • Multi-elemental Analysis of Sandhills Meadow Hay • Use of a Metabolizable Protein System to Predict Deficienciesin Diets of Cattle Grazing Sandhills Native Range and Subirrigated Meadow • Rumen Degradable Protein Requirements of Gestating Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Native Sandhills Range • Multi-elemental Analysis of Liver Biopsies and Serum to Determine Trace Element Status of Cows • Multi-elemental Analysis of Bovine Liver Biopsy and Whole Liver • The Incidence of Precocious Puberty in Developing …

1997 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Table of Contents

Cow-Calf: Seasonal Changes in Protein Degradabilities of Sandhills Native Range and Subirrigated Meadow Diets and Application of a Metabolizable Protein System • First Limiting Nutrient of Native Range for Summer Calving Cows During the Breeding Season and Late Lactation • Rumen Degradable Protein Requirement of Gestating Summer Calving Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Native Sandhills Range • Supplemental Protein on Performance of Lactating Beef Heifers • Evaluation of Feather Meal for Cows Grazing Cornstalks • Effects of Supplementing High Levels of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn after Calving on Productivity of Two-Year-Old Cows • Effects of Copper and …

Effects Of Sire Epd, Dam Traits And Calf Traits On Calving Difficulty And Subsequent Reproduction Of Two-Year-Old Heifers, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Don C. Adams, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Pete Olson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A three-year study evaluated effects of sire birth weight EPD, heifer and calf traits on valuing difficulty and subsequent rebreeding of two-year-old cows. MARC II yearling heifers (n=550) were assigned for breeding to one of four angus sires with birth weight EPD of -2.1, -1.8, +6.3 and +5.9 lb. Of all heifer weights, only dam birth weight affected calving difficulty score. Heifers requiring caesareans had smallest pelvic areas. Calving difficulty increased as calf birth weight and external measurements increased. Low EPD sires produced calves with smaller head and foot circumferences and less dystocia. Degree of calving difficulty did not affect …

Effects Of Copper And Selenium Injections On Cow Productivity And Concentration Of Copper In Liver Biopsy Samples, Jerre Johnson, David Hickok, Pete Olson, Dennis R. Brink

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In the conditions of the study when additional copper and selenium were provided, cow reproduction and calf performance were not improved.

Seasonal Changes In Protein Degradabilities Of Sandhills Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow Diets And Application Of A Metabolizable Protein System, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dick Clark, Jim Lamb

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Meadow and range diets increased in digestibility, crude protein. and escape protein during periods of active growth.

Native Americans And Diabetes, Kristina K. Lee

Nebraska Anthropologist

Type II diabetes has reached epidemic proportions among Native Americans. It Is estimated that 12.2 percent of all Native Americans in the U.S. have Type II diabetes. This compares with 5.2 percent of the general U.S. population (Diabetes Statistics 1997). The highest rate of diabetes in the world is in the Pima Nation. Half of all Pima Indians age 35 and older have diabetes (West 1974). Diabetes causes severe health complications and is a major cause of
death for Native Americans.

Effects On White Leghorn Hens Of Constant Exposure To Ultraviolet Light From Insect Traps, Jerome Hogsette, Henry Wilson, Susan Semple-Rowland

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Constant exposure of Hy-Line^® W-36 White Leghorn hens to ultraviolet light from insect traps resulted in no significant differences in egg production, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, or total hatchability. Also, there were no apparent effects on the eyes of the birds. Results were the same when either blacklight or blacklight blue tubes were used. The need for additional testing of light traps for nuisance fly control in commercial caged layer houses is discussed.

Retention Of Relative Grip Effort For At-Home Isometric Exercise, Janet E. Steele

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The purpose of this work was to determine if subjects initially trained to use a handgrip dynamometer could learn to perform the exercises at the same relative level of effort with a considerably less expensive substitute device. All subjects trained (4, 2-minute contractions, 30% maximal effort) 3 times per week for 12 weeks. In Study I, Group 1 (n = 13) trained using only the dynamometer while Group 2 (n = 14) trained using both the dynamometer and an egg-shaped substitute item for the first 6 weeks. All subjects then trained using only the egg-shaped item. Grip effort …