Digital Commons Network^™

Below-Ground Respiratory Responses Of Sugar Maple And Red Maple Saplings To Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment And Elevated Air Temperature, Nelson Edwards, Richard Norby

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The research described in this paper represents a part of a much broader research project with the general objective of describing the effects of elevated [CO₂] and temperature on tree growth, physiological processes, and ecosystem-level processes. The specific objective of this research was to examine the below-ground respiratory responses of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) seedlings to elevated atmospheric [CO₂] and temperature. Red maple and sugar maple seedlings were planted in the ground in each of 12 open-top chambers and exposed from 1994 through 1997 to ambient air …

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Winter 1999, Volume 5, No. 1

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Contents:

Factors Affecting the Biodiversity of Lowland Grasslands Along the Platte River by Julie Savidge and Tammy VerCauteren, School of Natural Resources, UNL

Use of Exotic Plants in Sandhills Wet Meadows: An Ecological Viewpoint by Gerry Steinauer, Botanist, Nebraska Games and Parks Commission

Role of Grasses In an Integrated approach for Remediating TNT-Contaminated Soil by Neil Heckman, Department of Horticulture, UNL

New Editor of Great Plains Research Solicits Manuscripts by Svata Louda, School of Biological Sciences, UNL

Why We Do What We Do by Dick Gray, Agronomist, Nebraska Department of Roads

Bison Symposium Calls for Papers: "Bison: the Past, Present, …

1999 Nebraska Swine Report, Duane E. Reese

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating Departments for use in Extension, Teaching and Research programs. It deals with the results that were done in reproduction, genetics, breeding, health, nutrition, economics and housing of swine.

Zinc Oxide, With Or Without Carbadox, Stimulates Performance In Nursery Pigs, Hsin-Yi Chen, Austin J. Lewis, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

As part of a cooperative research study with several other Midwest universities, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of high concentrations of zinc from zinc oxide in nursery diets. In the first experiment, the effects of adding various pharmacological concentrations of zinc as zinc oxide were tested. In the second experiment, the effects of both zinc and(or) carbadox additions to diets for weanling pigs were evaluated. Feeding pharmacological concentrations (2,000 to 3,000 mg/kg) of supplemental zinc from zinc oxide stimulated voluntary feed intake and weight gain of nursery pigs, but additive responses to carbadox (55 mg/kg) were not …

Defining Swine Nutrient Requirements And Allowances—What Do The Numbers Mean?, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

Defining nutrient requirements or allowances is the first, and conceivably most important step, in developing a nutrition program for growing-finishing pigs. Understanding the terminology and underlying principles used to define nutrient requirements and allowances for pigs will help producers better evaluate their nutrition programs. This information will also enable producers to interface production outputs (e.g., growth rate and carcass data) to published nutrient requirement and allowance programs, such as The National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 1998. As these and other approaches describing nutrient requirements for pigs develop, producers need a better and more complete understanding of growth biology …

The Effects Of Dietary Feather Meal Concentration On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Barrows, Kuo-Wei Ssu, Mike Brumm, Phillip S. Miller, Jill M. Heemstra

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary feather meal level, as well as whether or not start weight influenced feather meal effects in growth performance and carcass traits of barrows. Dietary feather meal additions tended to decrease the final body weight variation of barrows. Barrows fed diets containing 20 percent feather meal from 80 pounds to slaughter had decreased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, digestible lysine intake, energy intake, daily lean gain and backfat depth. Barrows fed diets containing 10 percent feather meal from 190 pounds to slaughter had decreased average daily gain, average daily …

Feedlot Diet Roughage Level For Hereford Cattle Exposed To Excessive Heat Load1, T. L. Mader, J. B. Gaughan, B A. Young

Haskell Agricultural Laboratory (Northeast Research and Extension Center)

In Exp. 1, six individually fed Hereford steers were exposed to hot (HOT) or thermoneutral (TNL) environmental conditions (ENV) while being adapted (stepped-up) to a finishing diet by decreasing roughage level from 55 to 10% of the diet DM over 17 d. Only at 10% roughage did heat exposure result in reduced (P

Block And Bridle Annual, 1999

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Emblem and Purpose
Treasurer’s Report
Historian’s Welcome
Members
Fall & Spring Initiates
Officers and Advisors
Faculty & Graduate Students
Jr. & Sr. Meats Judging Teams
Horse & Sr. Livestock Judging Teams
MAEC & Jr. Livestock Judging Teams
Calendar of Events
Fall & Spring Kids’ Days
Big Red Beef Pit & Christmas Luncheon
Little Ak-Sar-Ben
Little MAEC Contest – Market & Breeding
Little MAEC Contest – Meats
National Convention
Big Red Beef Show
AQHA Horse Show
State Agricultural Education Contest
1998 Honoree
Block & Bridle Awards
Animal Science Awards & Scholarships
Advertisements
Index of Advertisers
Closing

In Situ Neutral Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen As A Method For Measuring Forage Protein Degradability, R. Mass, G. P. Lardy, R. J. Grant, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A method of estimating the undegraded intake protein (UIP) concentration of forages was developed and validated with a series of in situ experiments. The hypothesis was that UIP calculated from in situ neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN) is equal to total in situ N minus the microbial N that is estimated from purines (MN). The in situ disappearance rates of total in situ N (TN), MN, and NDIN were measured for six hay samples and two range masticate samples. Hypothetical rates of passage (2 or 5%/h) were used to calculate UIP (% of DM) for each N pool. Estimates of …

Genetic Relationships Between Visual And Objective Measures Of Carcass Composition In Crossbred Lambs, H. E. Jones, G. Simm, W. S. Dingwall, R. M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic (coroariances between objective measures and carcass visual scores, as a test of the potential value afvisual scores in selection programmes to improve carcass composition in crossbred lambs. In each of 1986, 1987 and 1988, 22 Suffolk rams were chosen with either high or low scores on an index designed to increase lean growth rate. These rams were joined with 18 to20 crossbred ewes each and theirlambs were grov.J11 on grass to one of three target live weights (35·5, 41·5 and 47·0 kg) for slaughter. The carcasses of 1881 lambs …

Pork Meat And Bone Meal Value Relative To Soybean Meal For Growing Calves, Casey Wilson, Galen E. Erickson, Ryan Mass, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Individually fed steer calves (n=90) were used to evaluate different rendering procedures of pork meat and bone meal on protein quality as compared to soybean meal. Treatment proteins included an urea control, soybean meal, high-ash pork meat and bone meal, pork meat and bone meal control and non-enzymatically browned (NEB) pork meat and bone meal. High-ash meat and bone meal protein efficiency was higher than other treatments. However, the escape values determined by the ammonia release procedure were higher for NEB meat and bone meal, suggesting efficiency should have been improved relative to the control and high-ash meat and bone …

1999 Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Acknowledgments

Cow/Calf: Effects of Time of Weaning on Cow and Calf Performance • Summer Grazing Date and Fall Grazing Intensity Effects on Protein Content and Digestibility of Fall Diets in the Nebraska Sandhills • Climate Affects Calf Birth Weights and Calving Difficulty • Trace Mineral Supplementation and Ovarian and Luteal Function in Pubertal Heifers • Progesterone Metabolism by the Liver and Brain During the Estrous Cycle of Heifers

Growing: Cysteine from Feather Meal and Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements for Growing Steers • Hog Hair Meal as a Protein Source for Ruminants • Pork Meat and Bone Meal Value Relative to …

Climate Affects Calf Birth Weights And Calving Difficulty, Gene H. Deutscher, Dave Colburn, Rex Davis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A six-year study was conducted to investigate effects of winter temperatures on two-year-old cows (n=285) and their subsequent calf birth weights and calving difficulty in the spring. The winter of 1992-93 (coldest) was 11° F colder than the winter of 1994-95 (warmest). The coldest winter was followed by calf birth weights that were 11 pounds heavier with 29 percent greater calving difficulty compared to the warmest winter. Our results indicated that as average winter temperatures decreased 1° F, subsequent calf birth weights increased 1 pound and calving difficulties increased 2.6 percentage points. When blankets were placed on cows before calving, …

Effects Of Matching Protein To Requirements On Performance And Waste Management In The Feedlot, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Dan Herold

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four experiments were conducted, two with calves in the winter/spring and two with yearlings during the summer, to evaluate the effects of decreasing protein levels on nutrient balance in the feedlot. The control diet was formulated for 13.5 percent protein; the experimental diets were formulated using the 1996 NRC model to predict protein requirements. Nutrient balances for organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) were measured. Nitrogen intake and subsequent excretion were decreased with steers fed the experimental treatment. During the summer more N was removed from pens on the experimental treatment since OM excretion was greater which led to decreased …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1999

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From the Department Head's Desk
Graduate Program
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Undergraduate Program
Death
Animal Science Open House
Academic Quadrathlon Held
Emeriti Addresses
Block & Bridle Activities
Past Honorees at Block and Bridle Banquet
Officers for Fall 1999
Activities for 1999-00
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Staff
Your Newsletter Committee
Alumni News
Animal Science Newsletter Nationally Recognized
Animal Science Department Web Site
Calendar of Events for 1999 – 2000

Late Prehistoric High Plains Foragers: Starving Nomads, Affluent Foragers?, Luann Wandsnider

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Past human groups of the High Plains have been variously characterized as starving nomads and affluent foragers. In fact, these terms do not capture the multi-faceted nature of the human foraging experience on the High Plains. Relying on human ecology and archaeological interpretations, this paper examines the coping strategies used by Late Prehistoric foragers in the high variance environment of the High Plains, which was relatively less variable during the early part of the Late Prehistoric time period and more variable in the later part.

Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Organic Matter Balance In The Feedlot As Affected By Level And Source Of Dietary Fiber, S. Bierman, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, D. H. Shain

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of level and source of dietary fiber on N and OM excretion by cattle on finishing diets. One hundred twenty steers were stratified by weight and allotted to one of the following treatments: 7.5% roughage (7.5% R), wet corn gluten feed (WCGF; 41.5% of dietary DM), and all-concentrate (All Con) diet. Cattle were fed for 87 d during the summer with 23.7 m² of pen area per animal. Steers fed the WCGF diet had heavier final weights, greater DMI, and higher ADG ( P < .01) than the 7.5% R and All Con treatments. Steers fed All Con had lower ( P < .01) DMI than the other two treatments. Nitrogen and OM mass balances in the feedlot were quantified. Main components were nutrient input, retention, and excretion. Nitrogen and OM intake of steers fed WCGF were greater ( P < .05) than those of steers fed the other treatments. The WCGF treatment had a greater percentage of fecal N output ( P < .05). The All Con treatment had a greater ( P < .01) percentage of urinary N than WCGF and 7.5% R diets. Steers fed the WCGF treatment excreted more ( P < .01) OM compared with the other treatments, which led to more N and OM being removed in manure at cleaning. The All Con treatment had more ( P < .01) N and OM in runoff than the other treatments. Nutrition can change site of fermentation, which affects the composition of excreted material; however, total amount of N excreted may be more important than route of excretion in decreasing N losses to the environment and maximizing recovery in manure.

Effect Of Dietary Phosphorus On Finishing Steer Performance, Bone Status, And Carcass Maturity, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, D. Hanson, Chris Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Yearling crossbred steers (n = 60; 386 kg) were individually fed in a completely randomized experimental design to determine their P requirement. Treatments were in a factorial arrangement with two levels of Ca (.35 or .70% of DM) and five concentrations of P (.14, .19, .24, .29, or .34% of DM). The finishing diet consisted of 34.5% dry-rolled corn, 22.5% brewers grits, 22.5% corn bran, 7.5% ground corncobs, 5% molasses, 3% fat, and 5% supplement. Supplemental P was provided as monosodium phosphate and Ca as limestone. Ash content was determined on the first phalanx bone from the lower front legs …

The Effect Of Forage Source And Particle Size On Finishing Yearling Steer Performance And Ruminal Metabolism, D. H. Shain, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. W. Herold

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two finishing trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of forage source and particle size in dry-rolled corn finishing diets. In Exp. 1, 224 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 342 ± 11 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design consisting of seven treatments. Treatments were an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay or wheat straw (three treatments each) with each forage source ground to pass through a .95-, 7.6-, or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed diets containing forage had greater ( P < .05) DMI than steers fed an all concentrate diet. Steers fed alfalfa diets gained faster ( P < .05) with a greater ( P < .05) concentrate efficiency than steers fed either all-concentrate or straw diets. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 307 ± 2 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and fed dry-rolled corn diets containing 10% alfalfa ground to pass through either a .95- or 7.6-cm screen. Alfalfa particle size had no effect on performance or carcass measurements. In Exp. 3, six ruminally fistulated steers (BW = 508 ± 34 kg) were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design and fed an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay, wheat straw, or ground corncobs with alfalfa and straw ground to pass through either a 2.54- or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed straw diets spent more time ( P < .10) chewing than those receiving the other diets. In conclusion, forage particle size had no effect on finishing cattle performance or ruminal metabolism data. However, cattle consuming different forage sources in dry-rolled corn finishing diets may not respond similarly in animal performance.

Ecdysteroid Titers In Mated And Unmated Drosophila Melanogaster Females, Lawrence G. Harshman, Anne M. Loeb, Beth A. Johnson

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Radioimmunoassay was used to determine ecdysteroid titers in mated or unmated Drosophila melanogaster females. Whole-body ecdysteroid titers increase after mating and this response is more pronounced after 12–24 hours than it is immediately after mating. In one experiment, females were mated to transgenic males deficient in accessory gland proteins to test whether these peptides mediate the observed increase in female whole-body ecdysteroid titers. Females mated to such transgenic males do not show a pronounced increase in whole-body ecdysteroid titers. The effect of mating on female hemolymph ecdysteroid titers was also investigated. Hemolymph ecdysteroid titers decrease after mating. The ecdysteroid titer …

G99-1390 Altering Swine Manure By Diet Modification, Duane Reese, Richard K. Koelsch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explores options for altering the nitrogen and phosphorus content of swine manure.

There are situations in which it is necessary to change the nutrient content and/or the odor-producing potential of swine manure in order for pork production to thrive. For example, current Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) permit procedures for livestock facilities require producers to document that sufficient land is available for crop use of the nitrogen (N) in manure. If sufficient land is not available for managing nutrients in manure, producers can alter the nitrogen and phosphorus content of swine manure by modifying the pig's diet. …

Mp74 1999-2000 Nebraska Dairy Report

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Annual Report of University of Nebraska-Lincoln Dairy Research for 1997-1998. Topics include:

Effect of Soyhull:Soy Lecithin:Soapstock Mixture on Reproduction in Early Lactation Dairy Cows

Brown Midrib Forage Sorghum for Dairy Cows: Short-Term Responses

Brown Midrib Forage Sorghum Improves Fiber Digestibility and Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Maximal Replacement of Dietary Concentrate and Forage with a New Wet Corn Milling Feed Product

Corn versus Sorghum Distillers Grains for Lactating Dairy Cows

Longer Particle Length Alfalfa Improves Use of Wet Corn Gluten Feed by Dairy Cows

Genetics Research

Dairy Technician Certification

Land Requirements for Managing Manure Nutrients on Dairy Operations

The Accuracy …

Effects Of Backgrounding And Growing Programs On Beef Carcass Quality And Yield, Terry J. Klopfenstein, R. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, D. Shain, T. Milton, Chris R. Calkins, C. Rossi

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Clearly, the future of the beef cattle industry in the United States depends on the quality of the product. The majority of calves are born in the spring; therefore, to have a consistent supply of feeders entering feedlots and to take advantage of forages, a variety of stocker programs exist. Cattle enter the feedlot at varying weights and ages and from different nutritional backgrounds, and this variation could produce differences in carcass quality. The economically important measures of carcass quality are yield grade and quality grade. They are directly related: as cattle fatten in the feedlot, both quality grade and …

Estrous Synchronization For Beef Cattle, Gene H. Deutscher

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This Fact Sheet discusses the potential benefits of estrous synchronization, how the products and programs work, and the results and costs involved.

Estrous (heat) synchronization is a management practice that can help beef producers improve production efficiency and economic returns. It can help shorten the breeding and calving seasons and help increase calf weaning weights. Its purpose is to control estrous and ovulation in cycling females, so that breeding can be completed in a short period of time. Instead of females being bred over a 21-day period, synchronization can shorten the breeding period to less than five days, depending on …

Estimates Of Direct, Maternal And Grandmaternal Genetic Effects For Growth Traits In Gobra Cattle, M. Diop, J. Dodenhoff, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Estimates of genetic parameters for birth (N = 3909), weaning (N = 3425), yearling (N = 2764) and final (N = 2144) weights were obtained from the records of Gobra cattle collected at the Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra, Senegal. Three animal models were fitted to obtain estimates by REML using an average information (AI) approach. Model 1 considered random direct, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. In model 2, a general grandmaternal effect was added to the random effects considered in model 1, and in model 3, the general grandmaternal effect was divided into grandmaternal genetic and …

Colletotrichum Trifolii Mutants Disrupted In The Catalytic Subunit Of Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase Are Nonpathogenic, Zhonghui Yang, Martin B. Dickman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Colletotrichum trifolii is the fungal pathogen of alfalfa that causes anthracnose disease. For successful plant infection, this fungus must undergo a series of morphological transitions following conidial attachment, including germination and subsequent differentiation, resulting in appressorium formation. Our previous studies with pharmacological effectors of signaling pathways have suggested the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) during these processes. To more precisely evaluate the role of PKA in C. trifolii morphogenesis, the gene encoding the catalytic (C) subunit of PKA (Ct-PKAC) was isolated, sequenced, and inactivated by gene replacement. Southern blot analysis with C. trifolii genomic DNA …

Accomplishments And Impact From Breeding For Increased Forage Nutritional Value, M. D. Casler, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Despite considerable rhetoric, there were no serious efforts to improve genetically the nutritional value of forage crops until the 1960s when advances in analytical chemistry and rumen fermentation technology allowed breeders to adapt meaningful laboratory techniques for repeatably screening thousands of samples in a short time period. Genetic increases in some measure of digestibility, typically in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), have been documented in new cultivars of at least seven forage crops, including legumes, coolseason grasses, warm-season grasses, annuals, and perennials. The rate of gain for IVDMD ranges from 8 to 45 g kg^-1 cycle^-1, which, …

Nebline, January 1999

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

This year I resolve...
Ten steps to good gardening
Lilac renewal
Protect trees from animal damage
Winter care of houseplants
Dispersal of blackbirds, crows and starlings from urban roosts
Environmental book review for kids
Beginning beekeeping training
Treasures in the trash
Tips to enhance the art of using snap-traps for mice
Attention land owners and renters
1999 integrated crop management winter programs
Grain stubble rental rates
Learn about soil fertility/crop nutrient needs in your spare time
Farm tractor, combine fires cost millions annually
Controlling eastern redcedar
Tractor safety tips (part 1)
Acreage reply
Rural living clinics scheduled
Use information at …

1999 Issue-Based Review, Darrell Nelson

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

Introduction

Review Team Schedule

Review Team Members

SCREC Faculty

SCREC Staff Structure

SCREC District County Staff Structure

SCREC District Map

Facilities

Ag Profitability and Global Competitiveness

4-H Youth Development

Nebraska's Changing Communities

Healthy Families

Resource Utilization and Environment

Review Update

1993 Exit Report

1993 Exit Report Response

Questions

Background Contaminants Evaluation Of Fort Niobrara And Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Karen J. Nelson, Brent J. Esmoil

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The objectives of this study were to determine background concentrations of metals and organic compounds in biotic and abiotic components of the Fort NiobraralValentine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and document these results to utilize as baseline information for future contaminants investigations. To establish this baseline, sediment, water, and biotic samples (fish, double crested cormorant eggs, and vegetation) were collected from Fort Niobrara and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge in 1995 and tested for inorganic and organic contaminants. lnorganics were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer (lCP) scans. Arsenic and selenium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Mercury …