Digital Commons Network^™

Akt-Mtorc1 Signaling Regulates Acly To Integrate Metabolic Input To Control Of Macrophage Activation, Anthony J. Covarrubias, Halil Ibrahim Aksoylar, Jiujiu Yu, Nathaniel W. Snyder, Andrew J. Worth, Shankar S. Iyer, Jiawei Wang, Issam Ben-Sahra, Vanessa Byles, Tiffany Polynne-Stapornkul, Erika C. Espinosa, Dudley Lamming, Brendan D. Manning, Yijing Zhang, Ian A. Blair, Tiffany Horng

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Macrophage activation/polarization to distinct functional states is critically supported by metabolic shifts. How polarizing signals coordinate metabolic and functional reprogramming, and the potential implications for control of macrophage activation, remains poorly understood. Here we show that IL-4 signaling co-opts the Akt-mTORC1 pathway to regulate Acly, a key enzyme in Ac-CoA synthesis, leading to increased histone acetylation and M2 gene induction. Only a subset of M2 genes is controlled in this way, including those regulating cellular proliferation and chemokine production. Moreover, metabolic signals impinge on the Akt-mTORC1 axis for such control of M2 activation. We propose that Akt-mTORC1 signaling calibrates metabolic …

Breed Effects And Genetic Parameter Estimates For Calving Difficulty And Birth Weight In A Multibreed Population, C. M. Ahlberg, L. A. Kuehn, R. M. Thallman, S. D. Kachman, W.M. Snelling, Matthew L. Spangler

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Birth weight (BWT) and calving difficulty (CD) were recorded on 4,579 first-parity females from the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). Both traits were analyzed using a bivariate animal model with direct and maternal effects. Calving difficulty was transformed from the USMARC scores to corresponding Z-scores from the standard normal distribution based on the incidence rate of the USMARC scores. Breed fraction covariates were included to estimate breed differences. Heritability estimates (SE) for BWT direct, CD direct, BWT maternal, and CD maternal were 0.34 (0.10), 0.29 (0.10), 0.15 (0.08), and 0.13 (0.08), respectively. Calving difficulty …

Using Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes To Monitor Landscape Scale Soil Water Content In Mixed Land Use Agricultural Systems, Trenton E. Franz, Ammar Wahbi, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Georg Weltin, Lee Hang, Markus Oismueller, Peter Strauss, Gerd Dercon, Darin Desilets

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

With an ever-increasing demand for natural resources and the societal need to understand and predict natural disasters, soil water content (SWC) observations remain a critical variable to monitor in order to optimally allocate resources, establish early warning systems, and improve weather forecasts.However, routine agricultural production practices of soil cultivation, planting, and harvest make the operation andmaintenance of direct contact point sensors for long-termmonitoring challenging. In this work, we explore the use of the newly established Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probe (CRNP) and method to monitor landscape average SWC in a mixed agricultural land use systemin northeastAustria.Thecalibrated CRNP landscape SWC values compare well …

Structural And Evolutionary Analyses Show Unique Stabilization Strategies In The Type Iv Pili Of Clostridium Difficile, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Grace A. Maldarelli, Claudia F. Martinez De La Pena, Tanis C. Dingle, George L. Mulvey, Amanda Lee, Erik Von Rosenvinge, Glen D. Armstrong, Michael S. Donnenberg, Eric J. Sundberg

Food for Health: Publications

Type IV pili are produced by many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and are important for processes as diverse as twitching motility, biofilm formation, cellular adhesion and horizontal gene transfer. However, many Gram-positive species, including C. difficile, also produce Type IV pili. Here, we identify the major subunit of the Type IV pili of C. difficile, PilA1, and describe multiple three-dimensional structures of PilA1, demonstrating the diversity found in three strains of C. difficile. We also model the incorporation of both PilA1 and a minor pilin, PilJ, into the pilus fiber. Although PilA1 contains no cysteine residues, and therefore cannot form the …

Nebline, February 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Tips to Keep Your Heart Healthy — February is Heart Health Month

Food & Health

Family Living

Farm & Acreage

Horticulture

Pests & Wildlife

4-H & Youth

Extension Calendar

and other extension news and events

Effect Of Cry1f Maize On The Behavior Of Susceptible And Resistant Spodoptera Frugiperda And Ostrinia Nubilalis, Ana María Vélez, Analiza P. Alves, Erin E. Blankenship, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the behavior of pests targeted with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) crops is important to define resistance management strategies. Particularly the study of larval movement between plants is important to determine the feasibility of refuge configurations. Exposure to Bt maize, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), has been suggested to increase larval movement in lepidopteran species but few studies have examined the potential for resistance to interact with behavioral responses to Bt toxins. Choice and no-choice experiments were conducted with Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to determine whether Cry1F resistance influences neonate movement. Leaf discs …

Prebiotics: Why Definitions Matter, Robert W. Hutkins, Janina A. Krumbeck, Laure B. Bindels, Patrice D. Cani, George C. Fahey, Yong Jun Goh, Bruce R. Hamaker, Eric C. Martens, David A. Mills, Robert A. Rastal, Elaine Vaughan, Mary Ellen Sanders

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The prebiotic concept was introduced twenty years ago, and despite several revisions to the original definition, the scientific community has continued to debate what it means to be a prebiotic. How prebiotics are defined is important not only for the scientific community, but also for regulatory agencies, the food industry, consumers and healthcare professionals. Recent developments in community-wide sequencing and glycomics have revealed that more complex interactions occur between putative prebiotic substrates and the gut microbiota than previously considered. A consensus among scientists on the most appropriate definition of a prebiotic is necessary to enable continued use of the term.

Glucocorticoid Cell Priming Enhances Transfection Outcomes In Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Abby M. Kelly, Sarah A. Plautz, Janos Zempleni, Angela K. Pannier

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are one of the most widely researched stem cell types with broad applications from basic research to therapeutics, the majority of which require introduction of exogenous DNA. However, safety and scalability issues hinder viral delivery, while poor efficiency hinders nonviral gene delivery, particularly to hMSCs. Here, we present the use of a pharmacologic agent (glucocorticoid) to overcome barriers to hMSC DNA transfer to enhance transfection using three common nonviral vectors. Glucocorticoid priming significantly enhances transfection in hMSCs, demonstrated by a 3-fold increase in efficiency, 4–15-fold increase in transgene expression, and prolonged transgene expression when compared …

Hepatic Transcriptomic And Metabolic Responses Of Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis × Morone Chrysops) To Acute And Chronic Hypoxic Insult, Benjamin H. Beck, S. Adam Fuller, Bartholomew W. Green, Honggang Zhao, Steven D. Rawles, Carl D. Webster, Eric Peatman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis), white bass (Morone chrysops), and their hybrid are an important group of fish prized for recreational angling in the United States, and there and abroad as a high-value farmed fish. Regardless of habitat, it is not uncommon for fish of the genus Morone to encounter and cope with conditions of scarce oxygen availability. Previously, we determined that hybrid striped bass reared under conditions of chronic hypoxia exhibited reduced feed intake, lower lipid and nutrient retention, and poor growth. To better understand the molecular mechanisms governing these phenotypes, in the present study, we examined the …

Hepatic Transcriptomic And Metabolic Responses Of Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis × Morone Chrysops) To Acute And Chronic Hypoxic Insult, Benjamin H. Beck, S. Adam Fuller, Chao Li, Bartholomew W. Green, Honggang Zhao, Steven D. Rawles, Carl D. Webster, Eric Peatman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis), white bass (Morone chrysops), and their hybrid are an important group of fish prized for recreational angling in the United States, and there and abroad as a high-value farmed fish. Regardless of habitat, it is not uncommon for fish of the genus Morone to encounter and cope with conditions of scarce oxygen availability. Previously, we determined that hybrid striped bass reared under conditions of chronic hypoxia exhibited reduced feed intake, lower lipid and nutrient retention, and poor growth. To better understand the molecular mechanisms governing these phenotypes, in the present study, we …

Disparate Metabolic Responses In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet Supplemented With Maize-Derived Non-Digestible Feruloylated Oligo- And Polysaccharides Are Linked To Changes In The Gut Microbiota, Junyi Yang, Laure B. Bindels, Rafael R. Segura Munoz, Inés Martínez, Jens Walter, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Devin J. Rose

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Studies have suggested links between colonic fermentation of dietary fibers and improved metabolic health. The objectives of this study were to determine if non-digestible feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides (FOPS), a maize-derived dietary fiber, could counteract the deleterious effects of high-fat (HF) feeding in mice and explore if metabolic benefits were linked to the gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice (n = 8/group) were fed a low-fat (LF; 10 kcal% fat), HF (62 kcal% fat), or HF diet supplemented with FOPS (5%, w/w). Pronounced differences in FOPS responsiveness were observed: four mice experienced cecal enlargement and enhanced short chain fatty acid production, indicating …

Mitochondrial Abundance And Efficiency Contribute To Lean Color Of Dark Cutting Beef, Russell O. Mckeith, D. Andy King, Adria L. Grayson, Steven D. Shackelford, Kerri B. Gehring, Jeffrey W. Savell, Tommy L. Wheeler

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Beef carcasses exhibiting four levels of dark cutting severity (DCS): Severe,Moderate,Mild, and Shadywere compared to Control carcasses to investigate biochemical traits contributing to the dark cutting condition. Color attributes of Longissimus lumborum (LL) were measured after grading and during simulated retail display. Mitochondrial abundance and efficiency, bloomed oxymyoglobin, reducing ability, glycolytic potential, myoglobin concentration, and protein solubility and oxidation were determined. Glycolytic potential and lactate concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) as DCS increased. Residual glycogen was greater (P < 0.05) in steaks from Control carcasses compared to DCS classes. Generally, as DCS increased, LL steaks were darker and less red in color (P < 0.05). Increased (P < 0.05) oxygen consumption and reducing ability coincided with greater myoglobin concentration and greater abundance of less efficient mitochondria as DCS increased (P < 0.05). These data suggest the dark cutting condition is associated with greater oxidative metabolism coupled with less efficient mitochondria resulting in depletion of glycogen during stress.

Response Of Sweet Sorghum Lines To Stalk Pathogens Fusarium Thapsinum And Nacrophomina Phaseolina, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Patrick M. O'Neill, Scott E. Sattler, Melinda K. Yerka

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has potential for bioenergy. Itis adapted to a variety of U.S. locations and the extracted juice can be directly fermented into ethanol. However, little research on fungal stalk rots, diseases that pose serious constraints for yield and quality of juice and biomass, has been reported. A greenhouse bioassay was designed to assess charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and Fusarium stalk rot (Fusarium thapsinum) in plants at maturity, the developmental stage at which these diseases are manifested. Multiple plantings of a susceptible grain line, RTx430, were used as a control for variation …

Temporal Variability In Large Grazer Space Use In An Experimental Landscape, Edward J. Raynor, Anthony Joren, Adam Skibbe, Mark Sowers, John M. Briggs, Angela N. Laws, Douglas Goodin

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Land use, climate change, and their interaction each have great potential to affect grazing systems. With anticipated more frequent and extensive future drought, a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that determine large grazer landscape-level distribution under varying climatic conditions is integral to ecosystem management. Using an experimental setting with contrasting fire treatments, we describe the inter-annual variability of the effect of landscape topography and disturbance from prescribed spring fire on large grazer space use in years of variable resource availability. Using GPS telemetry, we investigated space use of plains bison (Bison bison bison) as they moved among watersheds managed …

Sustainable Grassland Management: An Exploratory Study Of Progressive Ranchers In Nebraska, Stephanie M. Kennedy, Mark E. Burbach, Maggi S. Sliwinski

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Well-managed grasslands provide numerous ecosystem services. Ranchers who employ sustainable grazing practices limit grassland conversion and conserve critical habitats. This phenomenological study explored the grassland management decisions of progressive ranchers in Nebraska. Each individual interviewed for this study is proactive about the state of their grasslands, whether they are motivated by financial or conservation factors. Throughout the evolution of their businesses, these ranchers have taken steps to improve their management techniques and continue to employ new strategies while planning for the long-term productivity of their grasslands. For policy makers and educators seeking to improve grassland management decisions, demonstrating new methods …

Foraging Decisions Underlying Restricted Space Use: Effects Of Fire And Forage Maturation On Large Herbivore Nutrient Uptake, Edward J. Raynor, Anthony Joern, Jesse B. Nippert, John M. Briggs

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Recent models suggest that herbivores optimize nutrient intake by selecting patches of low to intermediate vegetation biomass. We assessed the application of this hypothesis to plains bison (Bison bison) in an experimental grassland managed with fire by estimating daily rates of nutrient intake in relation to grass biomass and by measuring patch selection in experimental watersheds in which grass biomass was manipulated by prescribed burning. Digestible crude protein content of grass declined linearly with increasing biomass, and the mean digestible protein content relative to grass biomass was greater in burned watersheds than watersheds not burned that spring (intercept; F_{1,251 …}

Demonstration And Evaluation Of Dual Purpose Chicken “Potchefstroom Koekoek” Packages At Areka Areas, Snnpr, Ethiopia, Aman Getiso, Melese Yilma, Mesfin Mekonnen, Addisu Jimma, Mebratu Asrat, Asrat Tera, Endrias Dako

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

The demonstration was conducted in Wolaita zone, Boloso Sore district at Areka and around Areka areas. Participants (farmers) were selected purposively on the basis of willingness to construct poultry house; to cover all the associated package costs and record the required was selected. Survival of chicks during the first 8 weeks of brooding using hay-box at the farmers management condition was 79.8% (359 were survived out 450). On average about 93.1% of the chicken were survived to the laying age while mortality reduced from 20.2% to 6.9%. The average age at first egg-laying recorded at each farmers was 142 days …

Anthropogenic Nitrogen And Phosphorus Emissions And Related Grey Water Footprints Caused By Eu-271s Crop Production And Consumption, Mesfin Mekonnen, Stephan Lutter, Aldo Martinez

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Water is a prerequisite for life on our planet. Due to climate change and pollution, water availability for agricultural production, industry and households is increasingly put at risk. With agriculture being the largest water user as well as polluter worldwide, we estimate anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to fresh water related to global crop production at a spatial resolution level of 5 by 5 arc min and calculate the grey water footprints (GWF) related to EU-271s crop production. A multiregional input-output model is used to trace the the GWF embodied in the final consumption of crop products by the EU-27. …

Growing Opportunities Through Public-Private Partnerships, Ronnie Green, Mary Garbacz, Rachel Noe, Sarah Schellpeper, Paige Dietrich, Samantha Schneider, Daniel Franck, Jenny Keyes, Elizabeth Uehling, Danielle Franck

Strategic Discussions for Nebraska

No abstract provided.

Research And Creative Activity, July 1, 2015-June 30, 2016: Major Sponsored Programs And Faculty Awards For Research And Creative Activity, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, Office Of Research And Economic Development, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

Office of Research and Economic Development: Publications

Foreword by Steve Goddard, Interim Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development

This “Major Sponsored Programs and Faculty Awards for Research and Creative Activity” booklet highlights the successes of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln faculty during the fiscal year July 1, 2015-June 30, 2016. It lists funding sources, projects and investigators on major grants and sponsored program awards received during the year; fellowships and other recognitions and honors bestowed on our faculty; books published by faculty; performances, exhibitions and other creative activity in which our faculty have engaged; and intellectual property licenses and patents issued for the products of UNL research. …

Retrospective Review And Contemporary Development Of The Reggio Emilia Early Childhood Educational System: An Interview With Carolyn Pope Edwards, Carolyn P. Edwards, Lixin Ren

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Dr. Carolyn Pope Edwards, a professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and co author of the book One Hundred Languages of Children , has long been an expert in the Reggio Emilia early childhood educational approach. We conducted an interview with Dr. Edwards and, from the perspective of historical retrospective and contemporary development, reviewed the accomplishments that the Reggio Emilia early childhood educational system has achieved. The interview includes discussions on the core educational value, the theories and practices of curriculum and teaching, the role of teachers and professional development, atelier and atelierista, documentation and educational assessment and even the …

Patuxent’S Long-Term Research On Wolves, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The gray wolf (Canis lupus) was one of the first species placed on the Endangered Species List in 1967. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 legally protected the wolf along with other listed species.

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Patuxent) in Laurel, MD, began its Endangered Wildlife Program in 1966, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) biologist Ray Erickson was assigned to lead it. In 1973, I was transferred to the program from Region 3 of the USFWS, having been employed there since 1969 to study wolves in Minnesota.

Endangered Species Act protection of the wolf fostered its quick …

Methylome-Wide Analysis Of Chronic Hiv Infection Reveals Five-Year Increase In Biological Age And Epigenetic Targeting Of Hla, Andrew M. Gross, Philipp A. Jaeger, Jason F. Kreisberg, Katherine Licon, Kristen L. Jepsen, Mahdieh Khosroheidari, Brenda M. Morsey, Susan Swindells, Hui Shen, Cherie T. Ng, Ken Flagg, Daniel Chen, Kang Zhang, Howard S. Fox, Trey Ideker

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

HIV-infected individuals are living longer on antiretro-viral therapy, but many patients display signs that in some ways resemble premature aging. To investigate and quantify the impact of chronic HIV infection on aging, we report a global analysis of the whole-blood DNA methylomes of 137 HIV+ individuals under sustained therapy along with 44 matched HIV- individuals. First,we develop and validate epigenetic models of aging that are independent of blood cell composition. Using these models, we find that both chronic and recent HIV infection lead to an average aging advancement of 4.9 years, increasing expected mortality risk by 19%. In addition, sustained …

Nanoformulated Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Reduces Adipose Inflammation In Obesity, Curtis Perriotte-Olson, Nikhil Adi, Devika S. Manickam, Rachel A. Westwood, Cyrus V. Desouza, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Alexandra Crook, Alexander V. Kabanov, Viswanathan Saraswathi

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Objective: An intimate association exists between oxidative stress and inflammation. Because adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is intricately linked to metabolic disorders, it was hypothesized that reducing oxidative stress would be effective in ameliorating AT inflammation in obesity.

Methods: Wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks followed by a 2-week treatment with nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (NanoSOD). The mice were divided into: 1) chow diet, 2) HF, and 3) HF + NanoSOD.

Results: The HF + NanoSOD-treated mice showed a significant decrease in plasma and liver triglycerides when compared with HF-fed mice. Interestingly, NanoSOD reduced the expression …

Investigation Of Tattoo Pigments By Raman Spectroscopy, Betsy Jean Yakes, Tara Jade Michael, Marianita Perez-Gonzalez, Bhakti Petigara Harp

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

As a result of the increase in the practice of tattooing, the US Food and Drug Administration has identified a need for improved analytical methods to detect the pigments and potential impurities in the inks. Raman spectroscopy allows for nondestructive identification of compounds and is commonly used in art, archaeology, and forensics; however, the technique has only limitedly been applied to the identification of tattoo pigments. In this study, approximately 30 inorganic, organometallic, and organic pigmentswere evaluated with Raman spectroscopy by using 532, 633, and 780-nmlasers. Individual optimization of the instrumental parameters was performed for each pigment in order to …

Bacterial Endotoxin Detection In Hyaluronic Acid-Based Medical Devices, Larissa F. Baeva, Srilekha Sarkar Das, Victoria M. Hitchins

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

A simple and rapid method has been developed for testing bacterial endotoxin in hyaluronic acid (HA)-based medical devices. High-molecular-weight HA (HMW HA) in solution or HA-based medical devices was digested by the enzyme hyaluronidase to reduce solution viscosity by truncating the long chains of HA and to test for bacterial endotoxin. The bacterial endotoxin level was detected and measured by kinetic chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. The method was applied to two different ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) and one dermal filler, and may easily be adapted to use with up to 3% HA solutions and other HA-based medical devices.

Math Early On 2016

NebraskaMATH Materials

Cultivating Curiosity, pg. 2

Math Early On, pg. 4

Family Math, pg. 7

Duck, Duck, Match, pg. 10

Math with Imagination, pg. 13

Making Shapes, pg. 16

Toddler Engineers, pg. 19

Looking at Books Differently, pg. 22

Blast Off, pg. 25

Big Ideas in Nature, pg. 29

Identifying Patterns, pg. 32

Grace Grows a Pattern, pg. 36

Participants, Instructors and References, pg. 39

The Impact Of Hair Coat Color On Longevity Of Holstein Cows In The Tropics, C. N. Lee, K. S. Baek, A. Parkhurst

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

Background: Over two decades of observations in the field in South East Asia and Hawai‘i suggest that majority of the commercial dairy herds are of black hair coat. Hence a simple study to determine the accuracy of the observation was conducted with two large dairy herds in Hawaii in the mid-1990s.

Methods: A retrospective study on longevity of Holstein cattle in the tropics was conducted using DairyComp-305 lactation information coupled with phenotypic evaluation of hair coat color in two large dairy farms. Cows were classified into 3 groups: a) black (B, >90%); b) black/white (BW, 50:50) and c) white (W, …

2016 Interior Least Tern And Piping Plover Monitoring, Research, Management, And Outreach Report For The Lower Platte River, Nebraska, Mary Bomberger Brown, Lauren R. Dinan

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This document reports on our monitoring, research, management, and outreach activities during the past 12 months (2015 – 2016). We prepared it to inform our partners, cooperating agencies, funding sources, and other interested parties of our activities and to provide a preliminary summary of our results.

The data, data analyses, results, summaries, and interpretations found in this document are not final and should be considered as such when being cited or referred to in documents, reports, proposals, or presentations. Please contact us before using any of this material and for additional information that may be available.

In an effort to …

Effect Of Direct-Fed Microbial Dosage On The Fecal Concentrations Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli In Feedlot Cattle, Brandon E. Luedtke, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Dayna M. Harhay, Terrance M. Arthur

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Contamination of beef products by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli is a concern for food safety with a particular subset, the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), being the most relevant to human disease. To mitigate food safety risks, preharvest intervention strategies have been implemented with the aim to reduce EHEC in cattle. One class of interventions that has been widely used in feedlots is direct-fed microbials (DFMs), which can contain various dosing rates of probiotic bacteria. Here we compare the use of two different doses of a commercially available DFM on total EHEC load in a commercial feedlot setting. The DFMs used …