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Metal Oxide Surfaces And Their Interactions With Aqueous Solutions And Microbial Organisms, Gordon E. Brown Jr., Victor Henrich, William Casey, David Clark, Carrick Eggleston, Andrew Felmy Andrew Felmy, D. Wayne Goodman, Michael Gratzel, Gary Maciel, Maureen I. Mccarthy, Kenneth H. Nealson, Dimitri Sverjensky, Michael Toney, John M. Zachara Jan 1999

Metal Oxide Surfaces And Their Interactions With Aqueous Solutions And Microbial Organisms, Gordon E. Brown Jr., Victor Henrich, William Casey, David Clark, Carrick Eggleston, Andrew Felmy Andrew Felmy, D. Wayne Goodman, Michael Gratzel, Gary Maciel, Maureen I. Mccarthy, Kenneth H. Nealson, Dimitri Sverjensky, Michael Toney, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

During the past decade, interest in chemical reactions occurring at metal oxide-aqueous solution interfaces has increased significantly because of their importance in a variety of fields, including atmospheric chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, chemical sensing, corrosion science, environmental chemistry and geochemistry, metallurgy and ore beneficiation, metal oxide crystal growth, soil science, semiconductor manufacturing and cleaning, and tribology. The metal oxide-aqueous solution interface is reactive due to acid-base, ligand-exchange, and/or redox chemistry involving protons (hydronium ions), hydroxyl groups, aqueous metal ions, and aqueous organic species and also complexes among these species. Interfacial localization of those species (adsorption) may result from electrostatic, …


Tws Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter: Winter 1999 - Volume 6(1) Jan 1999

Tws Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter: Winter 1999 - Volume 6(1)

TWS Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter

Forward -- Scott Craven; Next Edition Deadlines; 1999 Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Officers:; Tws 6th Annual Conference Working Group Sponsored Sessions; Proceedings Of The 18th Vertebrate Pest Conference Held March 2-5, 1998 In Costa Mesa, Ca Are Now Available; Announcing The Availability Of A New Publication And Video On Managing Urban Canada Geese; Wildlife Damage Management Around The World - Part 3; Application For Membership / The Wildlife Society


Tws Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter: Fall 1999 – Volume 6(4) Jan 1999

Tws Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter: Fall 1999 – Volume 6(4)

TWS Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter

Forward - Scott Craven; Minutes Of Tws’’ss Wildlife Damage Management Working Group 1999 Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas; A New Name And Format!!!!!!; 1999 Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Officers; Prospective Student; Wildlife Damage Conferences:: When,, Where,, And Why?; Stupid Pest Tricks -- ((Or What Your Best Extension Call Was All About)); The Electronics!!!!; WDAMAGE lListserv URBAN IPM llistserve; HDWILD listserv; FERALCAT Listserv The Prevention And Control Of Wildlife Damage Manual; NWCOA News ;Raccoon Roundworm Brochure; Beyond 2000:: Realiitiies Of Global Wolf Restoration;19th Vertebrate Pest Conference; Application for Membership / The Wildlife Society


Call For Proposals Jan 1999

Call For Proposals

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Contents: 1999 POD Conference Call for Proposals

Call for Proposals: Pathways through the Field

The POD Network

The POD Network Annual Conference

POD Mission

Conference Theme

Suggested Topics and Issues

Desired Qualities of the Conference and Its Sessions

Format Options for Conference Sessions

POD 1999 Conference: Session Format Options At-a-Glance

Criteria for Proposal Review and Selection

Instructions for Submitting Proposals

Proposal Cover Sheet

"Blind Review" Proposal Form

POD and Its Support for Faculty Development, Instructional Development, and Organizational Development

Seeing with the Heart: Sustaining a Meaningful Faculty Learning Environment, by Naomi Okumura Story


Registration Information Jan 1999

Registration Information

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

The Professional and Organizational Development (POD) Network in Higher Education: Mission Statement

Letter, by Laura L. B. Border (Conference Coordinator), Virleen Carlson (Program Chair), James Eison (President)

Collaborations, Connections, and Community: Preliminary Conference Schedule for the 1998 POD Conference

Keynote Address: Patricia Raybon

Plenary Session 1: Ted Marchese and James Rhem

Plenary session 2: Kaylynn TwoTrees and Naomi Okumura Story

A Sample of Concurrent Sessions Planned for the 1999 POD Conference

Information on Advance Book Sessions at Conference

Pre-Conference Workshops: Full-Day Workshops, Half-Day Workshops

Educational Expeditions

The Resort at Split Rock: Room Reservation Information

Airline and Ground Transportation Options

Roommate …


Storytelling: Artist's Books, Nancy Jo Ann Steele Jan 1999

Storytelling: Artist's Books, Nancy Jo Ann Steele

School of Art, Art History, and Design: Theses and Student Creative Work

My thesis exhibition presents mixed media artist's books inspired by autobiographical stOlies originating from my family. These stories relate to the lives of my family and the natural environment of my home in a small-town farming community with deep Appalachian roots. With a sense of humor and solemnity, I make artist's books about the events and stories related to our religion, work, animals, neighbors, land and superstitions .

I mournfully watch the slow disintegration of our way of life. Vital aspects of our lives, such as working on the farm as a family, speaking with an accent, and making much …


Yeast And Human Frataxin Are Processed To Mature Form In Two Sequential Steps By The Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase, Steven S. Branda, Patrizia Cavadini, Jiri Adamec, Frantisek Kalousek, Franco Taroni, Grazia Isaya Jan 1999

Yeast And Human Frataxin Are Processed To Mature Form In Two Sequential Steps By The Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase, Steven S. Branda, Patrizia Cavadini, Jiri Adamec, Frantisek Kalousek, Franco Taroni, Grazia Isaya

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Frataxin is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein which is deficient in Friedreich’s ataxia, a hereditary neurodegenerative disease. Yeast mutants lacking the yeast frataxin homologue (Yfh1p) show iron accumulation in mitochondria and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, suggesting that frataxin plays a critical role in mitochondrial iron homeostasis and free radical toxicity. Both Yfh1p and frataxin are synthesized as larger precursor molecules that, upon import into mitochondria, are subject to two proteolytic cleavages, yielding an intermediate and a mature size form. A recent study found that recombinant rat mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) cleaves the mouse frataxin precursor to the intermediate but not …


Textile Society Of America Newsletter 11:1 – Winter 1999, Textile Society Of America Jan 1999

Textile Society Of America Newsletter 11:1 – Winter 1999, Textile Society Of America

Textile Society of America: Newsletters

TSA ’98: Wrapping up the New York Symposium
Studying Textiles at the University of Wisconsin - Madison
TSA News
Letter from the President
Career and Research Opportunities
Exhibition Reviews
Publication Opportunities
Calls for Papers
Conferences
Exhibitions
Lectures/Workshops
Tours/Courses
Membership Application
Membership Survey


Hepatitis C Virus And Other Flaviviridae Viruses Enter Cells Via Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor, Vincent Agnello, György Ábel, Mutasim Elfahal, Glenn B. Knight, Qing-Xiu Zhang Jan 1999

Hepatitis C Virus And Other Flaviviridae Viruses Enter Cells Via Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor, Vincent Agnello, György Ábel, Mutasim Elfahal, Glenn B. Knight, Qing-Xiu Zhang

United States Public Health Resources

Endocytosis of the Flaviviridae viruses, hepatitis C virus, GB virus Cyhepatitis G virus, and bovine viral diarrheal virus (BVDV) was shown to be mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cultured cells by several lines of evidence: by the demonstration that endocytosis of these virus correlated with LDL receptor activity, by complete inhibition of detectable endocytosis by anti-LDL receptor antibody, by inhibition with anti-apolipoprotein E and -apolipoprotein B antibodies, by chemical methods abrogating lipoproteinyLDL receptor interactions, and by inhibition with the endocytosis inhibitor phenylarsine oxide. Confirmatory evidence was provided by the lack of detectable LDL receptor on cells known …


Development Of A Model Of Natural Infection With Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, Steven C. Olsen Jan 1999

Development Of A Model Of Natural Infection With Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, Steven C. Olsen

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The objective of this study was to develop a suitable experimental model of natural Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), describe the distribution and character of tuberculous lesions, and to examine possible routes of disease transmission. In October 1997, 10 mature female white-tailed deer were inoculated by intratonsilar instillation of 2 3 103 (low dose) or 2 3 105 (high dose) colony forming units (CFU) of M. bovis. In January 1998, deer were euthanatized, examined, and tissues were collected 84 to 87 days post inoculation. Possible routes of disease transmission were evaluated by culture of nasal, …


Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Newsletter, Volume 6-2, Winter 1999 Jan 1999

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Newsletter, Volume 6-2, Winter 1999

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters and Publications

New Staff Member - Quebec Regional Centre International Cooperation in Wildlife Forensics Road Salt and Small Birds (request for specimens) West Nile Virus and other Zoonotic Arboviruses in North America Canada-wide epidemic of winter tick in moose Mortality among great black-backed and herring gulls in the Maritime provinces Intraspecific killing in common loons Poxvirus and multiple tumors in a grey squirrel Circovirus infection in a rock dove Fatal Sphaeridiotrema sp infection in lesser scaup - part II Botulism type E in fish-eating birds, Lake Erie and Lake Huron Gull mortality - Kitchener Pneumonia and Septicemia in Dall's sheep, Mackenzie Mountains, …


The Developing Law Of Editorial Judgment, Randall P. Bezanson Jan 1999

The Developing Law Of Editorial Judgment, Randall P. Bezanson

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Background on Freedom of the Press and Editorial Judgments Concerning News

III. Staying within the Boundaries of Journalism: Judging Editorial Judgment by Subjective Intent … A. Subjective Intent in State Cases ... B. Subjective Intent in Federal Cases ... C. Conclusion

IV. Measuring Editorial Judgment by its Outcome: Judging the Genre of Journalism by Objective Description ... A. Newsworthy Status ... 1. Newsworthiness in State Cases ... 2. Newsworthiness in Federal Cases ... a. Judging Newsworthiness by Content ... b. Judging Newsworthiness by Genre ... c. Comparing Newsworthiness by Content and Genre ... B. Fact-Opinion Distinction ... …


Seepage Characteristics And Hydraulic Properties Of A Feedlot Runoff Storage Pond, David B. Parker, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Dennis D. Schulte, John A. Nienaber Jan 1999

Seepage Characteristics And Hydraulic Properties Of A Feedlot Runoff Storage Pond, David B. Parker, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Dennis D. Schulte, John A. Nienaber

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Water and chemical transport were investigated beneath a 22-year-old beef feedlot runoff storage pond. Soil and sludge samples were collected from 14 borings to 6.1-m depths in a cross-section across the pond. The soils consisted of silt loam and clay loam, and the groundwater level was about 30 m beneath the land surface. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, NO3-N, NH4-N, Cl, P, K, SO4-S, TKN, and organic matter. Physical and hydraulic properties were measured on undisturbed samples of soil and sludge to compare saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture release characteristics, and bulk density. Saturated …


American Workers Increase Efforts To Establish A Legal Right To Privacy As Civility Declines In U.S. Society: Some Observations On The Effort And Its Social Context, William A. Wines, Michael P. Fronmueller Jan 1999

American Workers Increase Efforts To Establish A Legal Right To Privacy As Civility Declines In U.S. Society: Some Observations On The Effort And Its Social Context, William A. Wines, Michael P. Fronmueller

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. A Summary Argument for the Decline of Civil Society in the United States

III. Business Ethics and Attitudes toward Work Support Workers' Rights to Limited Privacy in the Workplace

IV. History of Legal Efforts Leading to Workplace Privacy

V. Comparison to Other Western Nation States and the European Community

VI. Discussion of Workplace Privacy ... A. Essential Elements of Privacy ... B. Reduced Expectations of Privacy in the Workplace ... C. Problem Areas for Workplace Privacy Concepts ... 1. Drug Testing ... 2. Searching Employee Work Areas ... 3. Surveillance of Employees ... a. Capturing Conversations ... …


Recognizing Actuarial Assumptions, Victoria Stachowski, Alice Underwood Jan 1999

Recognizing Actuarial Assumptions, Victoria Stachowski, Alice Underwood

Journal of Actuarial Practice (1993–2006)

As assumptions underlie every aspect of actuarial calculations, actuaries must be aware of the assumptions they are using and understand their importance and the possible effects of changing assumptions on the results of their calculations. This paper explores the nature of assumptions in: (i) mathematical models, (ii) data selection, (iii) actuarial methods, and (iv) the business environment. We examine reasons for making assumptions such as convenience, tradition, indications in the data, or lack of data. In addition, we discuss (i) how actuaries can judge whether these reasons are sufficient; (ii) methods that can help actuaries quantify the impact of their …


Estimates Of Direct, Maternal And Grandmaternal Genetic Effects For Growth Traits In Gobra Cattle, M. Diop, J. Dodenhoff, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1999

Estimates Of Direct, Maternal And Grandmaternal Genetic Effects For Growth Traits In Gobra Cattle, M. Diop, J. Dodenhoff, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Estimates of genetic parameters for birth (N = 3909), weaning (N = 3425), yearling (N = 2764) and final (N = 2144) weights were obtained from the records of Gobra cattle collected at the Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra, Senegal. Three animal models were fitted to obtain estimates by REML using an average information (AI) approach. Model 1 considered random direct, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. In model 2, a general grandmaternal effect was added to the random effects considered in model 1, and in model 3, the general grandmaternal effect was divided into grandmaternal genetic and …


Identification And Characterization Of Genes Required For Hyphal Morphogenesis In The Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Steven D. Harris, Amy F. Hofmann, Hugo W. Tedford, Maurice P. Lee Jan 1999

Identification And Characterization Of Genes Required For Hyphal Morphogenesis In The Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Steven D. Harris, Amy F. Hofmann, Hugo W. Tedford, Maurice P. Lee

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, germination of an asexual conidiospore results in the formation of a hyphal cell. A key feature of spore germination is the switch from isotropic spore expansion to polarized apical growth. Here, temperature-sensitive mutations are used to characterize the roles of five genes (sepA, hypA, podB–podD) in the establishment and maintenance of hyphal polarity. Evidence that suggests that the hypA, podB, and sepA genes are required for multiple aspects of hyphal morphogenesis is presented. Notably, podB and sepA are needed for organization of the cytoskeleton at sites of …


Colletotrichum Trifolii Mutants Disrupted In The Catalytic Subunit Of Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase Are Nonpathogenic, Zhonghui Yang, Martin B. Dickman Jan 1999

Colletotrichum Trifolii Mutants Disrupted In The Catalytic Subunit Of Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase Are Nonpathogenic, Zhonghui Yang, Martin B. Dickman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Colletotrichum trifolii is the fungal pathogen of alfalfa that causes anthracnose disease. For successful plant infection, this fungus must undergo a series of morphological transitions following conidial attachment, including germination and subsequent differentiation, resulting in appressorium formation. Our previous studies with pharmacological effectors of signaling pathways have suggested the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) during these processes. To more precisely evaluate the role of PKA in C. trifolii morphogenesis, the gene encoding the catalytic (C) subunit of PKA (Ct-PKAC) was isolated, sequenced, and inactivated by gene replacement. Southern blot analysis with C. trifolii genomic DNA …


The Fact And Fiction Of Vikings In America, Karri L. Springer Jan 1999

The Fact And Fiction Of Vikings In America, Karri L. Springer

Nebraska Anthropologist

Many people do not fully understand the stories, history, archaeology or evidence for Viking presence in North America. This paper evaluates the stories against the scientific evidence found to date. Archaeologists, although qualified to discuss all sides of the arguments, rarely do, because of the lack of career rewards for doing so. However, the problems associated with hoaxes should be important to all archaeologists interested in maintaining credibility with the public. Viking legends are well suited for such evaluation. The Kensington runestone hoax is emphasized in this evaluation while other Viking hoaxes are overviewed. Relevant evidence from archaeological sites in …


The Law And Economics Of Native American Casinos, Paul H. Brietzke, Teresa L. Kline Jan 1999

The Law And Economics Of Native American Casinos, Paul H. Brietzke, Teresa L. Kline

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Gambling ... A. Externalities ... B. Rent-seeking ... C. Distributive Effects

III. Indians

IV. Coasian Games ... A. Cabazon (1987) ... B. The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 ... C. Seminole (1996) and After

V. International Dimensions

VI. Sovereign Dilemmas

VII. Conclusions


Are We Going To Cyberspace, Or Is This Just Another Trip To Abilene?, William K. Jackson Jan 1999

Are We Going To Cyberspace, Or Is This Just Another Trip To Abilene?, William K. Jackson

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

The costs of technology are high, and the options for its use are varied. In order to avoid arriving at a technological Abilene, we must continually ask and answer the question "what ought we do with technology?" and not "what can we do with technology?" Purpose must lead deployment. Otherwise, we risk expending great efforts and scarce resources to produce the educational equivalent of "Thank you for calling, press 1 if you. . ."


1999 Issue-Based Review, Darrell Nelson Jan 1999

1999 Issue-Based Review, Darrell Nelson

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

Introduction

Review Team Schedule

Review Team Members

SCREC Faculty

SCREC Staff Structure

SCREC District County Staff Structure

SCREC District Map

Facilities

Ag Profitability and Global Competitiveness

4-H Youth Development

Nebraska's Changing Communities

Healthy Families

Resource Utilization and Environment

Review Update

1993 Exit Report

1993 Exit Report Response

Questions


Resuspension Of Particles By Aerodynamic Deagglomeration, Mark Fonda, Mike Petach, C. Fred Rogers, Judith Huntington, David Stratton, Kenji Nishioka, Mark Tipo Jan 1999

Resuspension Of Particles By Aerodynamic Deagglomeration, Mark Fonda, Mike Petach, C. Fred Rogers, Judith Huntington, David Stratton, Kenji Nishioka, Mark Tipo

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

A deagglomerator system was developed, characterized by laboratory tests, and flown under low-gravity (low-g) microgravity conditions. Requirements for a dry powder deagglomeration system were generated by university and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists from diverse fields of interest including exobiology, planetary sciences, and atmospheric sciences. Existing deagglomeration methods and devices are reviewed. An aerosol generation method suitable for dry powders over a large rang of particle sizes and types at high concentrations with consistent deagglomeration efficiency are evaluated. Development of a pulsed-flow laboratory device and experimental approaches to meet the requirements without being g-dependent are described. Results of …


Honors Programs At Smaller Colleges, Samuel Schuman Jan 1999

Honors Programs At Smaller Colleges, Samuel Schuman

National Collegiate Honors Council Monographs

This little pamphlet first appeared in 1988 which, from the perspective of American higher education, is either just yesterday or eons ago. At the end of the '80s, in that First Edition, it was still possible to suggest that a fully-equipped Honors office space should have "a computer or typewriter," a suggestion which today sounds more appropriate for a museum of antique office machinery than an up-to-date operation. On the other hand, some of the same questions about access and elitism which troubled us over a decade ago continue to be contemporary concerns. This revision, like most, seeks to preserve …


Pennsylvania Urban And Community Forestry: Don't Top Trees, William Elmendorf Jan 1999

Pennsylvania Urban And Community Forestry: Don't Top Trees, William Elmendorf

Nebraska Forest Service: Publications

What Is Topping? Topping Hurts a Tree In Many Ways; How to Prevent Topping


Background Contaminants Evaluation Of Fort Niobrara And Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Karen J. Nelson, Brent J. Esmoil Jan 1999

Background Contaminants Evaluation Of Fort Niobrara And Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Karen J. Nelson, Brent J. Esmoil

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The objectives of this study were to determine background concentrations of metals and organic compounds in biotic and abiotic components of the Fort NiobraralValentine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and document these results to utilize as baseline information for future contaminants investigations. To establish this baseline, sediment, water, and biotic samples (fish, double crested cormorant eggs, and vegetation) were collected from Fort Niobrara and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge in 1995 and tested for inorganic and organic contaminants. lnorganics were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer (lCP) scans. Arsenic and selenium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Mercury …


Monitoring Of Selenium Concentrations In Biota From The Kendrick Reclamation Project, Natrona County, Wyoming 1992 - 1996, Pedro Ramirez Jr., Kimberly Dickerson Jan 1999

Monitoring Of Selenium Concentrations In Biota From The Kendrick Reclamation Project, Natrona County, Wyoming 1992 - 1996, Pedro Ramirez Jr., Kimberly Dickerson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Selenium is bioaccumulating in fish and aquatic birds inhabiting the Kendrick Reclamation Project (Kendrick) in Natrona County, Wyoming as a result of mobilization associated with irrigation return flows. Field studies conducted in the 1980’s by the U.S. Geological Survey (Survey) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as part of the Department of Interior’s National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP) revealed elevated selenium concentrations in water, sediment and biota at Kendrick and immediately downstream in the North Platte River. Selenium concentrations found in biota exceeded levels known to cause mortality and embryonic deformities in birds and impaired reproduction in …


Pork 101 A Short Course Focusing On The Importance Of Pork Quality And Consistency, Dennis E. Burson, Dana J. Hanson Jan 1999

Pork 101 A Short Course Focusing On The Importance Of Pork Quality And Consistency, Dennis E. Burson, Dana J. Hanson

Nebraska Swine Reports

As we move towards the next century, pork producers face many challenges. The Pork Quality Audit in 1994 identified consistency of the meat product, meat quality and food safety as major issues producers can’t afford to ignore.

To introduce participants to these important segments of the pork industry, a three-day, hands-on short course has been developed at the University of Nebraska, with the assistance of the American Meat Science Association, the National Pork Producers Council, Michigan State University and Texas A&M University.


Monitoring The 1996 Drought Using The Standardized Precipitation Index, Michael J. Hayes, Mark D. Svoboda, Donald A. Wilhite, Olga V. Vanyarkho Jan 1999

Monitoring The 1996 Drought Using The Standardized Precipitation Index, Michael J. Hayes, Mark D. Svoboda, Donald A. Wilhite, Olga V. Vanyarkho

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Droughts are difficult to detect and monitor. Drought indices, most commonly the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), have been used with limited success as operational drought monitoring tools and triggers for policy responses. Recently, a new index, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), was developed to improve drought detection and monitoring capabilities. The SPI has several characteristics that are an improvement over previous indices, including its simplicity and temporal flexibility, that allow its application for water resources on all timescales. In this article, the 1996 drought in the southern plains and southwestern United States is examined using the SPI. A series …


Inhibition Of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis By Phenolic Compounds, S. S. T. Hua, K. O. Grosjean, J. L. Baker Jan 1999

Inhibition Of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis By Phenolic Compounds, S. S. T. Hua, K. O. Grosjean, J. L. Baker

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The phenolic compounds acetosyringone, syringaldehyde and sinapinic acid inhibited the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by A. flavus. Acetosyringone was the most active among the three compounds, inhibiting aflatoxin level by 82% at 2m mol l-1. The synthesis and accumulation of norsolorinic acid, an aflatoxin biosynthetic intermediate, was also inhibited. These results suggest that at least one step early in the AFB1 biosynthetic pathway is inhibited by the phenolics.