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The Destruction Of The Vitality Of Cysticercus Bovis By Freezing, Brayton H. Ransom

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

First two paragraphs:

The question as to the length of time Cysticercus bovis may survive after the death of its host has been quite definitely settled by the researches of Perroncito, Zschocke, Ostertag and others. Perroncito (1877) found that the cysticerci in an artificially infested calf were all dead fourteen days after the slaughter of the animal. However, Zschocke (1896) succeeded in infesting the human subject with a tapeworm by feeding five cysticerci from beef kept from fourteen to sixteen days after slaughter. No infestation followed the swallowing of five cysticerci from beef kept twenty-one days after slaughter. Ostertag (1897) …

Summary Of Two Years' Study Of Insects In Relation To Pellagra, Allan H. Jennings

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

With the growing interest in pellagra, following the authoritative recognition of its presence in the United States in 1907, the study of its etiology was taken up by various investigators and the several theories of causation were subjected to close scrutiny.

Prominent among these theories was that of insect transmission, first advanced by Sambon, who limited this function to the species of blood-sucking gnats comprising the genus Simulium.

The importance of the disease and the possibility of such a factor in its causation, led the Bureau of Entomology, late in 1911, to undertake an investigation of the subject …

Variation In Oxyurias: Its Bearing On The Value Of A Nematode Formula, Stanley B. Fracker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

One of the most difficult problems in zoologic science is the classification of round worms. Authors and lecturers, after a carefully outlined and definitely arranged discussion of trematodes and cestodes, are compelled to consider nematodes in a somewhat desultory and inaccurate fashion. Two reasons for this may be given, the greater being the apparent lack of a basis for determining the phylogeny of the major groups, a condition with which we are not at present concerned. The other obstacle is the difficulty of differentiating between species and uncertainty as to the value of different kinds of taxonomic characters. The …

Observations On The Eggs Of Ascaris Lumbricoides, Winthrop D. Foster

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

First paragraph:

The appearance of the ova of Ascaris lumbricoides as seen in fresh feces is so well known to physicians and zoologists that description is unnecessary. Occasionally, however, ascarid eggs are found which differ so widely from the normal egg of Ascaris lumbricoides as to cause considerable confusion on the part of observers, and may even be so misleading in appearance as to be attributed to another species. One of these atypical forms, the unfertilized egg of Ascaris lumbricoides, first reported by Miura and Nishiuchi (1902), is by no means rare, and is usually seen in the feces …

Dr. Nott's Theory Of Insect Causation Of Disease, William A. Riley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

The danger in using isolated sentences from an article as a basis for interpreting the author's theories, is generally recognized, but sometimes the most careful workers fall into the trap. Once the mistaken interpretation is published, it may be copied over and over again until it rises to the dignity of a dogma.

A striking illustration is afforded by the practical unanimity with which writers on the subject of insects and disease credit Dr. Josiah Nott with being the earliest to formulate definitely the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.

Nuttall, in his classic monograph On the Role …

Rhabditin, Nathan Augustus Cobb

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

Rhabditin is the term applied by the writer to an organic substance, the type form of which is found crystallized in brilliantly doubly refractive spheres arranged in a definite way in the cells of the intestine. Rhabditis monhystera Bütschli, and other nematodes, in whose metabolism it plays an important role.

Rhabditin crystallizes under the life influences of Rhabditis monhystera into spheres, about 1 to 3 microns in diameter, which are rather slowly soluble in water, rapidly so in alkalies and acids—in the latter without effervescence—and are insoluble or but very slowly soluble in alcohol, glycerin, xylol and oils. The …

Experimental Ingestion By Man Of Cysticerci Of Carnivore Tapeworms, Maurice C. Hall

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

Having experimentally eaten the larvae of dog tapeworms on two occasions, I undertook to look up the literature on this subject in connection with the ingestion of Cysticercus pisiformis to check the frequently quoted record of T. pisiformis from man. I find that there are more cases of the sort than I had supposed, so I have collected these cases in connection with a recent similar case of my own.

Taenia pisiformis, under the name of T. serrata, has been recorded as a parasite of man by Vital ( 1874), who records, in effect, two cases. One …

Contributions To A Science Of Nematology, Nathan Augustus Cobb

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Contents

I. Antarctic Marine Free-Living Nematodes of the Shackleton Expedition.

II. North American Free-Living Fresh-Water Nematodes.

III. The Asymmetry of the Nematode Bunonema inequale, n. sp.

IV. Selachinema, a New Nematode Genus with Remarkable Mandibles.

V. Notes on Nemas.

VI. The Mononchs, a Genus of Free-Living Predatory Nematodes.

VII. Filter-Bed Nemas: Nematodes of the Slow Sand Filter-Beds of American Cities.

VIII. The Orders and Classes of Nemas.

IX. One Hundred New Nemas (Type Species of 100 New Genera).

X. Howardula benigna, a Nemic Parasite Cucumber-Beetle.

XI. Marionella.

XII. Greeffiella.

XIII. An Amendation of Hoplolaimus …

Ectoparasiten Und Abstammungslehre, Heinrich Fahrenholz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Bei Studien an parasitischen Milben im Jahre 1907 tauchte mir die Frage auf: Lassen sich aus dem Vorkommen gleicher oder verwandter Schmarotzer auf verschiedenen Wirten Rückschlüsse auf die Verwandtschaft letzterer machen?

Two Lincoln (Nebraska) Typhoid Fever Epidemics Of 1911 And 1912., Herbert H. Waite

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

On August 29, 1912, I was requested by the Board of Health of the city of Lincoln to make an investigation to determine if possible the origin and cause of an outbreak of a disease reported as typhoid fever which was then prevailing. This outbreak was said to be most prevalent in one particular portion of the city and consequently attention was turned to that portion. Of the cases reported an investigation was made of over 60 individuals and after considering all the probable causes for the majority of those affected the conclusion was reached that all could be logically …

Revision Of The Non-Combed Eyed Siphonaptera, Karl Jordan, Nathaniel Charles Rothschild

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Introduction (excerpt)

The importance of certain species of fleas in relation to the epidemiology of plague has been so amply demonstrated (see Journal of Hygiene, volumes VI 1906, p. 426, and VII 1907, p. 395) that an explanation appears scarcely necessary for our publishing a paper dealing with a revision of the non-pectinated eyed Siphonaptera. With the demonstration that fleas are capable of transmitting plague, their study at once ceased to be the mere hobby of a small group of entomological specialists. An accurate knowledge of fleas, both with regard to their structure and biology, is at present a …

The Arrhenuri Of The United States, Ruth Marshall

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Arrhenuri comprise the largest genus of the Hydrachnidre, and one of the most highly differentiated and widely distributed. The genus is easily recognized by the following characters. The thick chitinous covering of the body is pierced by large pores. A circular furrow on the dorsal side marks off an area which is entirely enclosed in the female, in the male usually open onto the posterior extension of the body. The females are oval in form and much alike; the males are smaller and vary greatly from each other and from the females. They are characterized by a posterior prolongation …

Bulletin 76, Experiments With Dairy Herd, 1902

University of Nebraska Historical Extension: Bulletin

Bulletin 76, Experiments with Dairy Herd, 1902

On A Coccidium (Klossiella Muris, Gen. Et Spec. Nov.) Parasitic In The Renal Epithelium Of The Mouse, Theobald Smith, Herbert P. Johnson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

In 1889, Smith published a preliminary description of a polysporous coccidium found in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the mouse's kidney. Several stages of the parasite were seen but the scantiness of the material left many gaps in the life-cycle. During investigations recently made to determine the mode of transmission of the Sarcosporidium of the mouse, Smith found a considerable number of gray mice, caught in the animal room connected with this laboratory, whose kidneys were abundantly invaded by this coccidium. This favorable opportunity of examining more thoroughly into the life-history of this sporozoon was utilized, and, as …

Note On Taenia Confusa, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

About a year ago I described in the Western Medical Review (Vol. I. pp. 35, 36) a new tape-worm under the name of Taenia confusa. Only two specimens of the form were available at that time and I have not been successful in obtaining others since then. During the past 'year, one of the students in the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Nebraska has been conducting a careful investigation of this form and one specimen has been entirely sacrificed to that purpose, In advance of the publication of his thesis it seems that I should make a short explanation …

Studies On Nebraska Parasites, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

The intimate relations in which domestic animals stand to man have always made the transfer of parasites from the one to the other a matter of much greater probability than exists between man and the other forms of animal life. It is but natural that the most common species of human tapeworm come to man from his two chief sources of animal food-beef and pork. The chances of accidental infection, however, are evidently much greater in the case of those forms that are intimately associated with man, and hence clearly greatest in those he holds as household pets,the dog and …

Animal Parasites Of Nebraska, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

The report submitted this year consists of two main portions: the first a short study on the numerical frequence of parasites among the dog, cat, and chickens of Nebraska, and the second of several brief accounts of new and important parasites discovered within the state since the publication of the last report.

A New Human Tapeworm (Taenia Confusa N. Sp.), An Entozoon, Probably Of Order Cestoidea, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

Somewhat more than a year ago a tapeworm was sent me which at first sight appeared decidedly unlike either Taenia saginata or Taenia solium. It showed the slender form and more delicate appearance of the latter, but was in length of segments even decidedly larger than the former species. Some notes were made at the time, and then, on account of pressure in other directions, laid aside to await opportunity for further study. This winter I received a second specimen which at once recalled the first, and on comparison was seen to be identical with it. A series of …

On Distoma Felineum Riv. In The United States And On The Value Of Measurements In Specific Determinations Among The Distomes, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

The distomes of cats have received special attention of late in the two papers of Braun (94) and Stiles and Hassall (94). The latter authors give a most admirable account of our present knowledge of a dozen allied forms, and record two, D. albidum and D. complexum n. sp., as found in cats in the United States. During the past year I have examined the cats killed at this laboratory, and have found neither of the forms recorded from the east. Distoma felineum, however, which Stiles and Hassall did not find. and which has not been reported hitherto for …

The Parasitic Worms Of Man And The Domestic Animals, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

This article has been written for the general information of those engaged either on a large or on a small scale in stock raising in our own state particularly, and, while not intended to be a complete treatise on the subject, it includes references to those parasites which seem to be the most important or most likely to be found within our borders. The parasites of cattle, sheep, horse, hog, dog, cat, and man, which have many species in common, form the subject of this paper. The parasites of domestic fowl are, however, quite different from those considered here and …

The Asiatic Lung-Distome In The United States, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

In 1893 I reported the occurrence of the Asiatic distome in the lungs of a cat examined in Ann Arbor, Mich. This was the first reported find of this species on this continent, and the possibility of its being a permanent guest in this country was so serious that I urged a careful examination of all cases of lung-parasites in the domestic animals, with a view to ascertaining whether this might be an isolated instance, or whether the parasite was actually established within our land, for it is true that the Chinese, among whom the parasite is very common, regard …

On Distoma Felineum Riv. In The United States And On The Value Of Measurements In Specific Determinations Among The Distomes (1895), Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

The distomes of cats have received special attention of late in the two papers of Braun (94) and stiles and Hassall (94). The latter authors give a most admirable account of our present knowledge of a dozen allied forms, and record two, D. albidum and D. complexum n. sp., as found in cats in the United States. During the past year I have examined the cats killed at this laboratory, and have found neither of the forms recorded from the east. Distoma felineum, however, which Stiles and Hassall did not find, and which has not been reported hitherto for the …

A Second Case Of Distoma Westermanni In The United States, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

In a previous number of the Veterinary Magazine, I have given an account of the discovery of Distoma westermanni in the lungs of a cat at Ann Arbor. The importance of the discovery within our country of this dangerous parasite. so common in the East, was emphasized, and an appeal was made for more information as to the presence of lung distomes in various hosts in the United States since, as stated (p. 357), “there is no need of emphasizing the importance of obtaining accurate knowledge as to the extent of the infection among animals, and even man;” . …

Report Of The Zoologist, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

In the report of last year was given a full summary of the present state of our knowledge concerning the parasites of man and the domestic animals. It is the intention of the following pages to review the parasitic fauna of the state of Nebraska so far as it is definitely determined, and also to include a list of some species reported but not accurately identified. The second section of this report presents a brief description of some important parasites not included in the group of worms, and hence not mentioned in last year's report. I shall omit all parasites, …

Some Notes On The Biological Relations Of The Fish Parasites Of The Great Lakes, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

A pond or small lake furnishes few variations in depth, temperature, current, or food, and hence the life in it is comparatively uniform. Nowhere else in the world is there found such a continuous body of fresh water as in the Great Lakes. They afford, in themselves alone, an area of water one-fourth greater than that of the state of Nebraska; or, considering the streams and minor lakes within easy reach, no doubt the area is twice as great. Furthermore, there are found here conditions of temperature, depth, light and food more nearly like those prevailing in the ocean. As …

On The Presence Of Distoma Westermanni In The United States, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

Last June a piece of the lung of a cat was brought me for examination, as it contained some foreign bodies which were unknown to the finder. A cursory examination showed them to be Distomidae, and more careful study seemed to confirm the first impression that, in spite of a few slight differences, they were specimens of the Asiatic Distoma westermanni. Being somewhat in doubt and not having the literature at hand, I sent several to Dr. C. W. Stiles, helminthologist of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, D. C., who wrote that there was no doubt in …

On The Parasites Of The Lake Fish: Notes On The Structure And Life History Of Distoma Opacum, N. Sp., Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

This work was done while a member of the scientific corps sent out by the Michigan Fish Commission to begin an investigation of the biological conditions in the Great Lakes. The work in 1893 was carried on at New Baltimore, on Lake St. Clair. My thanks are due to the Michigan Board of Fish Commissioners for the many conveniences placed at my disposal in carrying out the investigations on fish parasites, of which this is one result. To Professor J. E. Reighard, director of the party, I owe much for his interest and hearty cooperation in all matters pertaining to …

A Preliminary Report On The Worms (Mostly Parasitic) Collected In Lakes St. Clair, In The Summer Of 1893, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

In the work done on the fauna and flora of Lake St. Clair during the summer of 1893, the group of Vermes was entrusted to the writer. The following is submitted as a preliminary report on the ground covered, the material obtained, and the results of this branch of the work so far as they can be seen at this stage.

Excluding the Rotifera, which were studied by another member of the party, the Vermes are represented in fresh water by three great classes: the Plathelminthes (Flatworms), Nemathelminthes (Round or Threadworms), and the Annelida (Segmented-worms).

American Work On Cestodes In 1893, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

An important advance in the morphological and systematic knowledge of the Cestoda has been made this year through two papers published by Dr. C. W. Stiles, of the Bureau of Animal Industry. They command attention not only since they emanate from an American worker, but also by reason of the methods employed. Heretofore it has been largely true that tapeworms were identified by their hosts and by their general appearance, and hence no branch of systematic zoology has been more confused. The same form from different hosts was the recipient of as many different names, and even specimens from the …

A Nematode Formula, Nathan Augustus Cobb

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

I hope by the aid of this new formula to be able to describe, even without the aid of figures, at least such species as belong to already well known genera, so accurately as to leave little to be desired, and yet so briefly as to leave space for the full discussion of the important relations existing between these worms and diseases of plants.