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The Pest Animal Problem: Keynote Speech, W. C. Jacobsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

There is an inscription across the top of the impressive facade of the National Archives Temple in Washington, D. 0., which reads: "What is Past is Prologue." So be it. Perhaps it applies to us here- At least the inscription furnishes a basis for me to indulge in a few com¬ments of historical significance as we undertake consideration of vertebrate pest control in its many phases. The earlier documents available to us reveal that with every expansion or westward advance into newer areas of agricultural production or livestock enterprises there also arose a variety of pest animal problems. However, it …

Vertebrate Pest Control Conference: Contents

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Proceedings of a meeting held at Sacramento, California, February 6-7, 1962. Sponsored by National Pest Control Association, 250 West Jersey Street, Elizabeth, New Jersey, and California Vertebrate Pest Control Technical Committee.
GENERAL CHAIRMAN OF CONFERENCE: Walter E. Howard, Associate Vertebrate Ecologist, Field Station Administration, University of California, Davis, California

Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards

United States Public Health Resources

The Standards published herein have been promulgated as Public Health Regulations in the Federal Register. As such they became effective April 5, 1962, as the Standards to which drinking water and water supply systems used by carriers and others subject to Federal quarantine regulations must conform. The Division of Environmental Engineering and Food Protection is responsible for the application of these Standards to all carrier water supplies. These Standards supersede the Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards- 1946, as amended in 1956. The new Standards were developed with the assistance of an Advisory Committee appointed by the Public Health Service …

Purification And Sanitary Control Of Water (Potable And Waste), Paul W. Kabler

United States Public Health Resources

Although most of the streams draining inhabited regions are contaminated with human or animal feces, water-borne disease today in the United States is relatively uncommon. Pathogenic enteric microorganisms probably do not multiply in raw water sources under normal conditions. They usually disappear in a relatively short time, with the rates depending on variations in environmental conditions. Urban water supplies have played a diminishing role in the transmission of intestinal disease because of improvements in the detection and enumeration of pollution indicators, water and sewage treatment processes, and t h e sanitary control of water systems.

Translation Of Levit, A. V. 1962. Some Results Of A Study Of Domestic Animals For Toxoplasmosis In The Alma-Ata Oblast [= Obsledovaniya No Toksoplazmoz Domashnikh Zhivotnykh V Alma-Atinstoi Oblasti]. In Boev, S. N., Et Al., Editors. Parasites Of Farm Animals In Kazakhstan, I [= Parazity Sel'skhozyaistvennykh Zhivotnykh Kazakhstana, I]. Izdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh Ssr, Alma-Ata, Pp. 20-25, A. V. Levit, Frederick K. Plous Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Conclusions

1. Group biological probes on white mice were used to examine 64 dogs and 224 domestic cats. Toxoplasma was isolated from dogs in one test and from cats in another. In one case Toxoplasma was observed in a cerebrospinal fluid precipitate from cats.

2. In a CFR examination of blood sera from 1,132 domestic animals for toxoplasmosis, positive results were obtained from 25 (37.5%) dog sera, 28 (57.1%) rabbit sera, and 260 (33.4%) cattle sera.

3. In a CFR investigation of sera. from white mice used in bioprobes on domestic cats, toxoplasmosis antibodies were observed in 8 out of …

Translation Of Peteshev, V. M. 1962. Hemosporidia Of Cattle In The North Of Kazakhstan [= Gemosporidii Rogatogo Skota Na Severe Kazakhstana] In Boev, S. N. Et Al., Editors. Parasites Of Farm Animals In Kazakhstan, I. [= Pararazity Sel'skhokzyaistvennykh Zhivotnykh Kazakhstana, I]. Izdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh Ssr, Alma-Ata, Kazakh Ssr, Pp. 26-28, V. M. Peteshev, Frederick K. Plous Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Translation number 21, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, December 17, 1969 (4 pages)

Translation of Peteshev, V. M. 1962. Hemosporidia of cattle in the north of Kazakhstan [= Gemosporidii rogatogo skota na severe Kazakhstana] In Boev, S. N. et al., editors. Parasites of farm animals in Kazakhstan, I. [= Pararazity sel'skhokzyaistvennykh zhivotnykh Kazakhstana, I]. Izdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, pp. 26-28

Translated from Russian to English by Frederick K. Plous, Jr., and edited by Norman D. Levine (notated NDL:cml)

Translation Of Levchenko, N. G. 1962. Dynamics Of An Infection By Sarcocystis Tenella Sarcosporidia In Sheep In Southeast Kazakhstan [= Dinamika Zarazheniya Sarkosporidyami Sarcocystis Tenella Ovets Yugo-Vostoka Kazakhstana]. In Boev., S. N., Et Al., Editors. Parasites Of Farm Animals In Kazakhstan, I. [= Parazity Sel'skhokzyaistvennykh Zhivotnykh Kazakhstana, I]. Izdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh Ssr, Alma-Ata, Kazakh Ssr, Pp. 63-68, N. G. Levchenko, Frederick K. Plous Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Conclusions

Sarcocystis tenellainfects sheep in southeast Kazakhstan starting in their second month of life. As the sheep age the extent and intensity of infection grows, by the tenth or eleventh month, 100% of the sheep are infected. Adult sheep more than 5 years old are all infected with sarcosporidia.

As the level of fatness decreases the extent and severity of sarcosporidial infection rises.

Females become infected oftener and more heavily than males.

Infection of sheep by sarcosporidia occurs throughout the year in southeast Kazakhstan, with a rise in the spring-summer and early autumn periods; its prevalence is somewhat less …

Distributional Notes On Parasitic Mites, William F. Rapp Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Although much has been written on the systematics of mites little, to date, has been published regarding their distribution. Strandtman and Wharton (1958) have given distributional data on a large area basis i.e. United States, Mexico, etc., but have given only little specific distribution. Unfortunately much of our knowledge relative to mite distribution is limited to a knowledge of type localities. In the case of parasitic mites one cannot assume that the distribution of the parasite is the same as the host. Unfortunately at this time, we do not know what factors limit the distribution of parasitic mites.

The following …

Electron Transport Particles From Bacillus Stearothermophilus, Ronald J. Downey, Carl E. Georgi, Walter E. Militzer

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

DOWNEY, RONALD J. (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), CARL E. GEORGI, AND WALTER E. MILITZER. Electron transport particles from Bacillus stearothermophilus. J. Bacteriol. 83:1140- 1146. 1962-Electron-transport particles (ETP) have been isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus. They are capable of oxidizing such substrates as succinate, malate, diphosphopyridine nucleotide, p-phenylenediamine, and hydroquinone. Difference spectra indicated bands of cytochromes a₃, b, and c. A chromatographic procedure for purification of cytochrome c has been described.

The role of quinonelike intermediates in the ETP was implied by the restorative effect of coenzyme Q and vitamin K₁ on material treated …

Translation Of Levchenko, N. G. 1962. Infection By Sarcosporidia (Genus Sarcocystis) In Farm Animals Of Southeast Kazakhstan [=Porazhenie Sarkosporidiyami (Roda Sarcocystis) Sel'skokhozyaistvennykh Zhivotnykh Yugo-Vostoka Kazakhstana]. In Boev, S. N. Et Al., Editors. Parasites Of Farm Animals In Kazakhstan, I. [= Parazity Sel'skhokozyaistvennykh Zhivotnykh Kazakhstana, I]. Izdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh Ssr, Alma-Ata, Kazakh Ssr, Pp. 56-62, A. V. Levit, Frederick K. Plous Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Conclusions

Farm animals in southeast Kazakhstan are widely infected with sarcosporidia: 96.9% of the sheep, 88% of the cattle, 70% of the camels, and 40% of the swine.

The muscles most often and most heavily infected are: in sheep, the heart, diaphragm, and median buttock muscle; in cattle, the heart and esophagus; in camels, the esophagus, diaphragm, and median buttock muscle; in swine, the heart, diaphragm, and median buttock.

The most objective data on infection of animals can be obtained by studying a minimum of 3 or 4 muscles of different muscular systems simultaneously.

Heavy infection of muscles by sarcosporidia, …

Transmission Of Swine Influenza Virus By Lungworm Migration, H.G. Sen, G.W. Kelley, N.R. Underahl, G.A. Young

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Shope (1, 2) reported that Metastrongylus spp. under specific conditions have the capacity to transmit swine influenza virus to pigs. Since the authors are not aware of published confirmation of Shope's observations by other laboratories, experiments in which swine influenza virus was transmitted by infected lungworms in pathogen-free, antibody-devoid pigs are here reported.

Swine Brucellosis: How You Can Eradicate It

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Swine brucellosis is a bacterial disease that affects swine, other domestic animals, and humans. Severe exposure causes the disease in cattle, dogs, cats, and poultry. The disease can spread from one species of animal to another, and from animals to humans. However, it does not normally spread from one human to another, or from humans to animals. The disease costs the swine industry about $10 million a year. Losses due to human infection cannot be estimated. Although human brucellosis, or undulant fever, is difficult to diagnose-especially in mild cases-a total of 892 cases were documented in the United States in …

Notes On The Collared Pika, Ochotona Collaris (Nelson), In Alaska, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Maps showing the geographic range of the collared pika, Ochotona collaris (Nelson), have been published recently by Hall (1951) and by Hall and Kelson (1959). According to these, this mammal occurs in the mountains between the Tanana and Yukon Rivers, and in the Alaska Range as far west as Mt. McKinley. A specimen from the summit of the Chugach Mountains (Baker, 1951) was not included on the aforementioned maps. Osgood (1904) referred to two specimens collected by C. L. McKay in the Chogmit Mountains, east of Lake Clark at the base of the Alaska Peninsula, and also mentioned a sight …

Digenetic Trematodes Of Marine Fishes Of Puerto Rico, Ather H. Siddiqi, Raymond M. Cable

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Preface

This monograph reports the major part of an investigation begun by Raymond M. Cable in 1951, when he spent one year at the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico, collecting and studying larval trematodes and the helminth parasites of shore birds and marine fishes. The work there was done under the auspices set forth in the Preface to Part 4, Volume 16, of this series; this part was facilitated especially by Virgilio Biaggi, N. T. Mattox, and Donald Erdman, who rendered invaluable assistance in the collection and identification of fishes. One trip …

Translation Of Karapetyan, A. E. 1960. A Method Of Cultivation Of Lamblia. Cytology 2: 379-384. Transliteration: Metodika Kul'tivirovaniya Iamblii. Tsitologiya 2: 379-384, A. E. Karapetyan, Virginia Ivens

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Translation number 6, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States (6 pages)

Translation of Karapetyan, A. E. 1960. A method of cultivation of Lamblia. Cytology 2: 379-384. Transliteration: Metodika kul'tivirovaniya Iamblii. Tsitologiya 2: 379-384

Reported November 25, 1959, at the Leningrad Parasitological Society Conference, Leningrad, USSR

Translated from Russian to English by Virginia Ivens, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, February 6, 1961 (notated: VI/s)

Malaysian Parasites Xxxv-Xlix, W. W. Macdonald

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This is the third Study of the series from this Institute on the external and internal parasites and the biting insects of the Malaysian region. The earlier two volumes were planned and edited by Dr. J.R. Audy, and on his departure from Malaya in the middle of 1959 Mr. W. W. Macdonald continued the work which had been begun and collated and edited the papers in this present Study.

In the two previous volumes (Study No. 26, 1954 and No. 28, 1957) the emphasis was on the taxonomy of Trombiculid mites. In the present volume the emphasis has changed, and …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xxxvil. Description Of Schizorchis Caballeroi N. Sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), With Notes On Other Parasites Of Ochotona, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Schizorchis caballeroi n. sp. has been described from the collared pika, Ochotona collaris (Nelson), from Alaska, and has been distinguished morphologically from its congeners, S. ochotonae Hansen, 1948, and S. altaica Gvozdev, 1951.

Nine species of helminths have been described 10 dale from North American pikas, O. collaris and O. princeps (Richardson). These mammals are markedly allopatric and do not share any species of helminth. Nematodes of two genera, Eugenuris Shults and Labiostomum Akhtar, 1941, occur in O. collaris as weIl as in palearctic species of Ochotona. This, along with other pertinent information, is taken to suggest that O. …

Trichinosis In The Arctic, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) is a common parasite of mammals in the Arctic. High rates of infection have been recorded in terrestrial carnivores (particularly Canidae, Ursidae, and Mustelidae), but representatives of several other groups, including marine mammals, have been found infected. From existing information, it appears that the natural cycles have at least three ecologicaIIy distinct patterns, described in this note.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xxxvi. Parasites Of The Wolverine, Gulo Gulo L., With Observations On The Biology Of Taenia Twitchelli Schwartz, 1924, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Natural biotic relationships already had been severely disrupted in the United States by the time significant interest had developed in faunistic helminthology. Some mammalian species, particularly the larger carnivores, had been extirpated or were represented only by scattered individuals in the few remaining wilderness areas. Thus, it is not remarkable that the helminths of such species as the wolverine, Gulo gulo Linnaeus, have been little studied. Fortunately, however, much of arctic and subarctic North America has endured in its primitive state, and here it is still possible to undertake basic biological studies under undisturbed conditions.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xxxiv. The Parasites Of Wolves, Canis Lupus L., Robert L. Rausch, Francis Williamson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

It is generally recognized that canine animals comprise an important reservoir of parasites and diseases transmissible to man. These animals, including the domestic dog, have unusual economic importance in arctic and subarctic North America, particularly for the Eskimos and Indians living in more remote regions. These aboriginal peoples continually have close association with canine animals and would appear to be quite vulnerable to infection from this source. That this is true is already evident, although data on morbidity from animal-borne diseases are far from complete. At the present time, at least in Alaska, these people have little ability to lessen …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xxxv. On The Identity Of Certain Cestodes (Taeniidae) From Foxes, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Some species of the genus Taenia Linnaeus, 1758, are morphologically so similar in the adult stage that their separation is very difficult. Complicating this problem is the questionable validity of certain of these species which have been insufficiently characterized. There are two species, however, the adults of which possess well defined morphological difference but which have been repeatedly confused despite their having been adequately described by early investigators. These cestodes, Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) and T. polyacantha Leuckart, 1856, have for many years been recognized solely by their larval characteristics under the misconception that the adults were indistinguishable.

What You Should Know About Hog Cholera, W.A. Aitken, C.W. Gifford, R.A. Hendershott, L.M. Hutchings, S.H. Mcnutt, J.D. Ray, R.E. Shope, A.H. Quin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

I. WHAT IS HOG CHOLERA?

Hog cholera is a deadly, contagious disease that attacks swine only.

The disease is caused by hog cholera virus, an agent so small (1/250,000 of an inch) that it can even pass through a fine porcelain filter.

How do hogs act when they get the disease? They lie around "hiding in their nest," have high fevers, are extremely weak and "sick all over." They have little appetite, and often stand in a "thinking" attitude-motionless, tail relaxed, ears hanging limp, and the head slightly lowered as if in deep thought.

Very few hogs ever recover.

II. …

Fleas And Disease1, William L. Jellison

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In the broad field of disease caused by arthropod-borne agents there are many instances wherein the pathogenic organism appears to be well adapted to the vector and may even pass an essential part of its life cycle therein, as do the malaria parasites of man within the anopheline mosquitoes. The pathogen may be carried from stage to stage or even passed from one genera­tion to another through the egg (transovarial passage). These adaptations of parasite to arthropod vector are thought to result from a long host-parasite association. The arthropod, in such instances, is conveniently referred to as a biologic vector …

Translation Of Polyanskii, Yu. I. And E. M. Kheisin. 1959. Some Observations On The Development Of Babesiella Bovis In The Tick Vector. Works Of The Karelia Branch Of The Academy Of Sciences Ussr 14: 5-13. Transliteration: Nekotorye Nablyudeniya Nad Razvitiem Babesiella Bovis V Kleshche-Perenoschike. Trudy Karel'skogo Fiiiala Akademie Nauk Sssr. Vypusk 14: 5-13, Yu. I. Polyanskii, E. M. Kheisin, Virginia Ivens

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Translation number 8, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, February 14, 1962 (8 pages)

Translation of Polyanskii, Yu. I. and E. M. Kheisin. 1959. Some observations on the development of Babesiella bovis in the tick vector. Works of the Karelia Branch of the Academy of Sciences USSR 14: 5-13. Transliteration: Nekotorye nablyudeniya nad razvitiem Babesiella bovis v kleshche-perenoschike. Trudy Karel'skogo fiIiala Akademie Nauk SSSR. Vypusk 14: 5-13

Translation from Russian to English by Virginia Ivens, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States (notated VI/s)

Biometric Comparisons Between North American And European Mammals. I. A Comparison Between Alaskan And Fennoscandian Wolverine (Gulo Gulo Linnaeus), Björn Kurtén, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A comparison between the Alaskan and Fennoscandian wolverine (Gulo gulo Linnaeus).

Biometric Comparisons Between North American And European Mammals. Ii. A Comparison Between The Northern Lynxes Of Fennoscandia And Alaska, Björn Kurtén, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A comparison between the northern lynxes, (Felis (Lynx) spp.), of Fennoscandia and Alaska.

Notes On The Prevalence Of Hydatid Disease In Alaskan Moose, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In conjunction with current moose-management studies in south-central Alaska; 124 pairs of lungs of moose (Alces alces) have been collected and examined for the presence of hydatid cysts, the larval stage of the cestode, Echinococcus granulosus. The lungs were collected in the Cook Inlet region between January 1, 1956 and January 1, 1958, mostly from animals accidentally killed by trains or cars.

The presence or absence of the tapeworm cyst was determined by visual inspection, palpation, and finally by sectioning the lungs into slices approximately % in. thick. Hydatid larvae do not always localize in the lungs …

The Occurrence And Distribution Of Birds On Middleton Island, Alaska, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A survey of the birds of Middleton Island was made in June 1956. Forty-five species of birds were recorded. Of these, at least 16 species were breeding, four other species were possibly breeding, and 2.5 species were regarded as transients. The distribution of the breeding birds was correlated with six major ecological formations. Five of the latter were based on vegetational characteristics, while the rocky cliffs comprised the sixth.

The avian fauna of Middleton Island consists mainly of species found in the Prince William Sound region, to the north. An important exception was the Lapland Longspur, which previously has not …

Some Observations On Rabies In Alaska, With Special Reference To Wild Canidae, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Includes a summary of available information on outbreaks of rabies recorded in canine animals in Alaska over a 9-year period (1949-57), and to discuss some problems relating to the natural history of rabies in high boreal regions.

Translated From Russian By Virginia Ivens. Svanbaev, S. K. 1958. The Coccidial Fauna Of Wild Ungulates Of Kazakhstan. Works Of The Institute Of Zoology Academy Of Sciences, Kazakh Ssr 9: 187-197. Transliteration: Fauna Koktsidi! Dikikh Kopyteykh Zhivoteykh Kazakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akademie Nauk Kazakh Ssr 9: 187-197, S. K. Svanbaev, Virginia Ivens

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Translation number 9, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, 1960 or 1961

Translation of Svanbaev, S. K. 1958. The coccidial fauna of wild ungulates of Kazakhstan. Works of the Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR 9: 187-197. Transliteration: Fauna koktsidii dikikh kopyteykh zhivoteykh Kazakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR 9: 187-197

Translated from Russian to English by Virginia Ivens, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States