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Behavioral Basis Of Second Intermediate Host Specificity Among Four Species Of Haematoloechus (Digenea: Haematoloechidae), Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Cercarial behavior patterns were examined in four species of frog lung flukes (Haematoloechus spp.). Cercariae of Haematoloechus complexus, Haematoloechus medioplexus, Haematoloechus longiplexus, and Haematoloechus varioplexus were exposed to three species of experimental arthropods and an inanimate control. The number of cercariae attached to an experimental host at 5 min postexposure was recorded. Haematoloechus longiplexus and H. complexus cercariae attached to experimental hosts at higher rates than cercariae of H. medioplexus and H. varioplexus. Cercariae of H. longiplexus attached to experimental hosts in approximately the same numbers as H. complexus, but H. longiplexus penetrated only damselfly naiads, …

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Center Newsletter, Volume 4-2, Winter 1996

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters and Publications

CCWHC Involvement in Mexico
New Diagnostic Tools
Hook Lake Wood Bison Recovery Project
Conjunctivitis in cormorants in PEI
Tularemia in snowshoe hares, Nova Scotia
Seasonal Mortality of Terns in Kouchibouguac National Park, NB
Belugas from the St. Lawrence Estuary
Secondary Tyzzer's Disease in a Racoon Infected With Canine Distemper
Diazinon Poisoning in Geese
Newcastle Disease in Cormorants
Herpesvirus in Owls
Predator Attacks
Botulism - 1996
Winter Mortality In Peace River Region Ungulates

Burhinotaenia Colombiana N. Sp. (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) From The Double-Striped Stone Curlew Burhinus Bistriatus (Aves, Charadriiformes) In Colombia, Boyko B. Georgiev, Éva Murai, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Burhinotaenia colombiana n. sp. (Dilepididae) is described from the small intestine of the double-striped stone curlew Burhinus bistriatus (Burhinidae) captured at Carimagua, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from the most similar Burhinotaenia delachauxi (Baer, 1925), a parasite of the Old World Burhinus spp., by the longer cirrus-sac (375-590, average 514 μm vs. 322-393, average 354 μm) and longer rostellar hooks (412-451, average 440 μm vs. 358-367, average 364 μm). The validity of the genus Burhinotaenia Spasskii and Spasskaya, 1965 and its generic diagnosis as proposed by Bona (1994) are confirmed. This is the first record of a species of …

Truncated Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli (Ehec) O157:H7 Intimin (Eaea) Fusion Proteins Promote Adherence Of Ehec Strains To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Intimin, the product of the eaeA gene in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), is required for intimate adherence of these organisms to tissue culture cells and formation of the attaching and effacing lesion in the gnotobiotic pig. Because of the importance of intimin in the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7 infection in this animal model, we began a structure-function analysis of EaeA. For this purpose, we constructed amino-terminal fusions of the intimin protein with six histidine residues to form two independent fusions. The longer fusion, RIHisEae, contained 900 of the 935 predicted amino acids and included all but the extreme amino …

Analysis Of Vertebrate Pest Research, Jim Hone

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Research on vertebrate pest control is mostly empirical, focusing on control of species X in location Y using method Z. Such an approach is needed. The science of vertebrate pest research is developing some generalizations across species, locations, and methods. This paper further explores such generalizations by discussing six questions asked by Hone (1994), the answers to which are relevant to vertebrate pest research world-wide. Several case studies are examined, with emphasis on control of damage by small mammals and predation control. Suggestions are made for future research.

The Future Of Wildlife Damage Management—And Why I Want To Be A Part Of It, Scott R. Craven

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Welcome to the 17th Vertebrate Pest Conference; THE conference for those of us who work in the field of vertebrate pest management. Actually, I prefer the term wildlife damage management to either animal damage control or vertebrate pest control, but as long as one takes a broad perspective on the definition of wildlife, there is really no difference except perhaps in perception. I do not mean to suggest that the name of the Vertebrate Pest Conference should be changed. It should not be changed. However, I do suggest that no matter what umbrella term you operate under, we are all …

Zoonotic Diseases Of Carnivores And Occupational Safety Issues For Predator Control Employees, Michele T. Jay

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

The paper highlights some important zoonotic infections of carnivores in North America. The etiologic agents, routes of transmission, reservoirs, and methods for prevention are emphasized. Occupational safety issues for people working in predator control are discussed.

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Newsletter, Volume 4-2, Winter 1996

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters and Publications

Involvement in Mexico New Diagnostic Tools Hook Lake Wood Bison Recovery Project Progress Report - July 1996 Conjunctivitis in cormorants - Prince Edward IslandTularemia in snowshoe hares - Nova Scotia Seasonal mortality of terns continues in Kouchibouguac National Park, New Brunswick Belugas from the St. Lawrence Estuary Secondary Tyzzar's Disease in a Racoon infected with Canine Distemper Diazinon poisoning in Geese Newcastle disease in cormorants Herpesvirus in owls Predator Attacks Botulism - 1996 Winter Mortality In Peace River Region Ungulates Diazinon poisoning of American wigeon

Lymphocyte Proliferative Response And Subset Profiles During Extended Periods Of Chloroquine Or Primaquine Prophylaxis, David J. Fryauff, Allen L. Richards, J. Kevin Baird, Thomas L. Richie, Eric Mouzin, Emiliana Tjitra, Mochammad A. Sutamihardja, Sutanti Ratiwayanto, Hilda Hadiputranto, Ria P. Larasati, Nurani Pudjoprawoto, Budi Subianto, Stephen L. Hoffman

United States Public Health Resources

Immune suppression and disturbances of normal leukocyte populations are side effects attributed to many antimalarial drugs and were concerns during a recent year-long placebo-controlled trial that compared daily primaquine (0.5 mg of base per kg of body weight per day) with weekly chloroquine (300 mg of base one time per week) for malaria prophylaxis. The study took place in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, from July 1994 to August 1995 and enrolled 129 Javanese men with normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase function. Tests for lymphocyte function and subset composition were conducted blindly on a cross-section of subjects during weeks 10 (n=42) and 48 (n=72) …

Evaluation Of Commercial Latex Reagents For Identification Of O157 And H7 Antigens Of Escherichia Coli, Evangeline G. Sowers, Joy G. Wells, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Agglutination reactions obtained with three commercial latex reagents for detecting Escherichia coli O157 antigen (Oxoid Diagnostic Reagents, Hampshire, England; Pro-Lab Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada; and Remel Microbiology Products, Lenexa, Kans.) and one for detecting H7 antigen (Remel) were compared with those obtained by standard serologic methods by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference antisera for O157 and H7 antigens. For 159 strains of E. coli and related organisms, the Oxoid, Pro-Lab, and Remel O157 latex reagents each had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% compared with the CDC reference antiserum. For 106 strains of E. …

The Frontier Medical Community Of Leavenworth, Kansas, Charles R. King M.D.

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

One of the important elements in the development of a North American frontier community was a system of medical care. During the nineteenth century the work of all frontier professionals was dramatically facilitated by new means of transportation and communication. Mid-century frontier communities had direct contact with urban centers via the telegraph and could acquire supplies over railroads and improved roadways. The development of a medical care system in Leavenworth, Kansas, during the second half of the nineteenth century illustrates the important role that physicians and other health providers played in community building on the western frontier, as well as …

G96-1286 Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome (Prrs) Virus, Angela Baysinger, V. L. Cooper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome--its symptoms, transmission and diagnosis; and it discusses methods of prevention, management and control.

History

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) was first observed in 1986 in the United States and in 1990 in Europe. The syndrome was initially called Mystery Pig Disease in the United States since no known swine pathogens could be implicated. A number of titles have been used to describe this disease syndrome: swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS), porcine epidemic abortions and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), blue-eared pig disease as well as others. Since 1992, PRRS has been the …

Reservoirs And Reservations, Karen M. Griffin

Nebraska Anthropologist

In the late 1930s and 1940s. the Army Corps of Engineers was heavily involved in the development plans for a number of large dams located throughout the country. Many of these dams, and the reservoirs they created, have either been situated on Native American reservations or have had direct impact on reservations. This paper proposes that while the original intent of these dams was to benefit a number of people, there may have been those who saw dams as a convenient tool in the fight to terminate and assimilate the Native American population. Evidence regarding two of these projects, the …

Re-Evaluation Of Mazamastrongylus Dagestanica (Trichostrongylidae) With Descriptions Of The Synlophe, Genital Cone, And Other Structural Characters, Eric P. Hoberg, A. V. Khrustalev

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe of specimens of Mazamastrongylus dagestanica was characterized laterally and ventrally by a strongly tapering system of ridges in the cervical zone. This pattern, including the prominent system of "hood" ridges adjacent to the excretory pore and the absence of continuous subdorsal and subventral ridges is considered typical for the genus Mazamastrongylus. The synlophe of males and females was largely identical, with 37-41 ridges at the midbody. The lateral synlophe, where 2 pairs of ridges converge and terminate on the lateralmost ridge anterior to the cervical papillae appears unique for M. dagestanica and indicates that species-specific patterns may be …

Bovine Cell Line Resistant To In Vtro Infection By Bovine Viral Darrheavirus And All Other Known Pestiviruses, Ruben O. Donis, Eduardo F. Flores

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Carmine-Propionic Acid Stain For Elucidation Of Fine Cellular Structure In Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Carmine-propionic acid staining was found to enhance the elucidation of cellular membranes in the esophagus and genital tract and the structure of sperm in strongylate nematodes. This regressive staining technique may also have general utility for differentiation of cellular membranes and nuclear structure in other taxa of parasitic helminths.

Emended Description Of Mazamastrongylus Peruvianus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) With Comments On The Relationships Of The Genera Mazamastrongylus And Spiculopteragia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Resurrection of Mazamastrongylus as proposed by Jansen (1986) was validated and placement of Mazamastrongylus peruvianus in this genus was confirmed, based on characters of the synlophe, copulatory bursa, and spicules. The cervical synlophe consists of a strongly tapering pattern and prominent "hood ridges" at the level of the excretory pore; there are 40 ridges at the midbody of males. The bursa is of the 2-2-1 type, with rays 2 and 3 parallel and rays 4 and 5 of near equal length and only slightly divergent at the tips. The spoon-shaped dorsal process of the spicules, typical of M. peruvianus and …

Field Parasitology Techniques For Use With Mammals, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obtaining parasites from mammals that are collected during surveys or bioinventories is time-consuming, and in the past such collections have rarely been made. Parasites and other symbionts are important components of the biology of the host, however, and must be sampled for a complete picture of its ecology and other aspects of its life history. For example, work on parasite diversity and biogeography of mammals in Bolivia (Gardner and Duszynski 1990; Gardner 1991: Gardner et al. 1991; Gardner and Campbell 1992a, 1992b) could not have been accomplished without proper collections of the parasite and symbiont fauna of the hosts.

Many …

Técnicas De Parasitología De Practicas De Campo Para El Uso Durante La Investigación De Mamíferos, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph of the introduction:

La obtención de parásitos de mamíferos que son colectados durante las investigaciones o bio-inventarios toma mucho tiempo; y en el pasado, estas colectas ráramente se realizaban. De cualquier forma, los parásitos y otros simbiotas forman un componente importante de las características biologicas y ecologicas de los hospederos y deben ser muestreados. Por ejemplo, trabajos recientes en la diversidad parasitaria y la biogeografía en mamíferos de Bolivia por Gardner y Duszynski (1990), Gardner (1991), y Gardner y Campbell (1992 a,b) no hubiera popdido realizarse sin el trabajo de colección apropiado de la fauna parasitaria/simbiótica de los …

Faunal Diversity Among Avian Parasite Assemblages: The Interaction Of History, Ecology, And Biogeography In Marine Systems, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Systematics and parasite biodiversity provide power and predictability in broad studies of history, ecology and biogeography in marine systems. Parasitic helminths are elegant markers of contemporary and historical ecological relationships, geographic distribution and host-phylogeny. Complex life cycles of helminths are strongly correlated with intricate food-webs. Dependence on a series of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts indicates that each parasite species represents an array of organisms within a community and tracks broadly and predictably across many trophic levels. Host and geographic ranges of parasites are historically constrained by genealogical and ecological associations, and these determinents interact resulting in characteristic parasite community …

Microevolutionary Patterns And Molecular Markers: The Genetics Of Geographic Variation In Ascaris Suum, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Molecular markers have been used only rarely to characterize the population genetic structure of nematodes. Published studies have suggested that different taxa may show distinct genetic architectures. Isoenzyme and RAPD markers have been used to investigate geographic variation of Ascaris suum at the level of infrapopulations (nematodes within individual hosts), within localities, and among geographic regions. Independent estimates of genetic differentiation among population samples based on isoenzyme and RAPD data showed similar patterns and substantial correlation. Heterozygote deficiencies within infrapopulations and large values for inbreeding coefficients among infrapopulations suggested that the composition of these populations was not consistent with a …

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

The Synlophe And Other Structural Characteristics Of Sarwaria Bubalis (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From Cattle In Guyana, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Eric P. Hoberg, Patricia A. Pilitt, T. M. Craig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe (longitudinal, surface cuticular ridges) of Sarwaria bubalis is described for the first time. It is a tapering lateral synlophe of about 40 ridges. The synlophe of S. bubalis is similar to that of Ostertagia ostertagi but markedly different from that of species of Spiculopteragia and Mazamastrongylus. New information is provided also on the structure of the esophagus and perivulval pores. The esophageal valve is more than twice as long as wide. The bilateral perivulval pores were located 192-267 μm posterior to the vulva and dorsal to the lateral lines. The new information will be useful in a …

Nematode Diversity Of Native Species Of Vitis In California, Luma Al-Banna, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From 1990 through 1992, nematodes were extracted from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere of native species of grapes from four areas of northern California and two areas of southern California. For comparison, samples from domestic grapes as well as a putative hybrid of Vitis californicaand V. vinifera were also taken. Rhizosoil from California native grapevine contained many more species of nematodes than did soil obtained from cultivated forms of V. vinifera. Taxonomic and trophic diversity was much higher in nematodes from sampling sites from native grapes than in those from grapes maintained in vineyard situations. Ordination methods …

Body Size Evolution Of Oxyurid (Nematoda) Parasites: The Role Of Hosts, Serge Morand, Pierre Legendre, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jean-Pierre Hugot

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Studying the diversification of body size in a taxon of parasites allows comparison of patterns of variation observed in the parasites with patterns found in free-living organisms. The distributions of body size of oxyurid nematodes (obligate parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates) are lognormally right-skewed, except for male oxyurids in invertebrates which show left-skewed distributions. In these parasitic forms, speciose genera do not have the smallest body sizes. Parasite body size is positively correlated with host body size, the largest hosts possessing the largest parasites. This trend is shown to occur within one monophyletic group of oxyurids, those of Old World …

Identification Of Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) From California With A New Species Isolated From The Larvae Of The Ghost Moth Hepialis Californicus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) From The Bodega Bay Natural Reserve, S. Patricia Stock, Donald R. Strong, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Classical taxonomy together with cross-breeding tests and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD's) were used to detect morphological and genetic variation between populations of Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1975 from California. A new species, Heterarhabditis hepialius sp. n., recovered from ghost moth caterpillars (Hepialis califamicus) in Bodega Bay, California, USA is herein described and illustrated. This is the eighth species in the genus Heterarhabditis and is characterized by the morphology of the spicules, gubernaculum, the female's tail, and ratios E and F of the infective juveniles. Information on its bionomics is provided.

French title: Identification d'Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) de Californie …

Gonadal Maturation In The Cobia Rachycentron Canadum From The Northcentral Gulf Of Mexico, Jeffrey M. Lotz, Robin M. Overstreet, James S, Franks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Gonadal maturation of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was evaluated by examining 508 specimens from its recreational fishery. Specimens were collected off southeast Louisiana to northwest Florida by hook-and-line during February through October 1987-1991. Fork lengths (FL) of these fish ranged from 580-1,530 mm, with corresponding weights of 2.0-43.5 kg. The female:male ratio was 1:0.37. Using a combination of oocyte size frequency and histological assessment of many of the fish, we determined that females were ripe from May through September, with atretic oocytes occurring in some fish from July through October. Degenerating hydrated oocytes in July and October and the presence …

Relationship Between Bp (Baculovirus Penaei) Energy Reserves In Larval And Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei, Kenneth C. Stuck, Lidia M. Stuck, Robin M. Overstreet, Shiao Y. Wang

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The relationship between energy reserves of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei and Baculovirus penaei, or BP, were investigated in a series of experiments using mysis stage or early postlarval shrimp. Pre-exposure and post-exposure levels of protein and triacylgycerol (TAG) were determined. The effect of pre-exposure protein and TAG levels on susceptibility to BP infections was also investigated by starving a group of shrimp immediately prior to BP exposure. There was no consistent relationship between either pre-exposure or post-exposure protein levels and the percent of shrimp developing patent BP infections. There was, however, a significant positive correlation between TAG levels …

Review Of: Species Diagnostics Protocols: Pcr And Other Nucleic Acid Methods, Edited By J. P. Clapp, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A wide variety of approaches employing nucleic acids are included in this volume, and most of the protocols take advantage of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify sufficient quantities of DNA for comparison. One chapter (N. Springer et al.) that parasitologists should take special note of concerns the use of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for the identification of protozoan endosymbionts. Selective hybridization of specifically designed oligonucleotide probes is a method that holds great promise for identification of microscopic organisms. In general, the experimental protocols are sufficiently detailed and organized to be used right at the laboratory bench. Most chapters …

Management Factors To Improve Health In Newborn Calves, Franklyn B. Garry

Range Beef Cow Symposium

For most beef cow herds, the single most important means of increasing income is increasing the number of calves weaned and sold relative to the number of cows in the operation, or by definition, increasing reproductive efficiency. While certain production and carcass traits can be most directly influenced by genetic selection, reproductive performance is overwhelmingly influenced by management. Increasing the profitability of a ranch operation therefore relies very heavily on adjusting management practices to improve reproductive efficiency. In order to accomplish this, we first need to know what factors are most influential in reproductive performance. We specifically need to identify …