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American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 35, No. 1, Spring 2013, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

American Society of Parasitologists Newsletter, volume 35, number 1, Spring 2013

Pseudomonas Hopu1 Modulates Plant Immune Receptor Levels By Blocking The Interaction Of Their Mrnas With Grp7, Valerie Nicaise, Anna Joe, Byeong-Ryool Jeong, Christin Korneli, Freddy Boutrot, Isa Westedt, Dorothee Staiger, James R. Alfano, Cyril Zipfel

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Pathogens target important components of host immunity to cause disease. The Pseudomonas syringae type III-secreted effector HopU1 is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase required for full virulence on Arabidopsis thaliana. HopU1 targets several RNA-binding proteins including GRP7, whose role in immunity is still unclear. Here, we show that GRP7 associates with translational components, as well as with the pattern recognition receptors FLS2 and EFR. Moreover, GRP7 binds specifically FLS2 and EFR transcripts in vivo through its RNA recognition motif. HopU1 does not affect the protein–protein associations between GRP7, FLS2 and translational components. Instead, HopU1 blocks the interaction between GRP7 and FLS2 and …

The Herpesvirus Vp1/2 Protein Is An Effector Of Dynein-Mediated Capsid Transport And Neuroinvasion, Sofia V. Zaichick, Kevin P. Bohannon, Ami Hughes, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Gregory A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Microtubule transport of herpesvirus capsids from the cell periphery to the nucleus is imperative for viral replication and, in the case of many alphaherpesviruses, transmission into the nervous system. Using the neuroinvasive herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus (PRV), we show that the viral protein 1/2 (VP1/2) tegument protein associates with the dynein/dynactin microtubule motor complex and promotes retrograde microtubule transport of PRV capsids. Functional activation of VP1/2 requires binding to the capsid protein pUL25 or removal of the capsid-binding domain. A proline-rich sequence within VP1/2 is required for the efficient interaction with the dynein/ dynactin microtubule motor complex as well as for …

Strong Genetic Differentiation Between North American And European Populations Of Phytophthora Alni Subsp. Uniformis, Jaime Aguayo, Gerard C. Adams, Fabien Halkett, Mursel Catal, Claude Husson, Zoltán Á. Nagy, Everett M. Hansen, Benoît Marçais, Pascal Frey

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Alder decline caused by Phytophthora alni has been one of the most important diseases of natural ecosystems in Europe during the last 20 years. The emergence of P. alni subsp. alni—the pathogen responsible for the epidemic—is linked to an interspecific hybridization event between two parental species: P. alni subsp. multiformis and P. alni subsp. uniformis. One of the parental species, P. alni subsp. uniformis, has been isolated in several European countries and, recently, in North America. The objective of this work was to assess the level of genetic diversity, the population genetic structure, and the putative reproduction …

Frequent Cross-Species Transmission Of Parvoviruses Among Diverse Carnivore Hosts, Andrew B. Allison, Dennis J. Kohler, Karen A. Fox, Justin D. Brown, Richard W. Gerhold, Valerie I. Shearn-Bochsler, Edward J. Dubovi, Colin R. Parrish, Edward C. Holmes

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Although parvoviruses are commonly described in domestic carnivores, little is known about their biodiversity in nondomestic species. A phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene sequences from puma, coyote, gray wolf, bobcat, raccoon, and striped skunk revealed two major groups related to either feline panleukopenia virus (“FPV-like”) or canine parvovirus (“CPV-like”). Crossspecies transmission was commonplace, with multiple introductions into each host species but, with the exception of raccoons, relatively little evidence for onward transmission in nondomestic species.

Pathology In Practice, Timothy L. Cushing, David J. Steffen, Gerald E. Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A 1.5-year-old second-parity Large Black X Tamworth cross sow from a well-managed 20-sow, unvaccinated, pasture-raised herd of pigs in upstate New York aborted a litter of 7 variably mummified near-term fetuses and stillborn piglets. This sow had no signs of ill health other than abortion; it was housed in a group with 4 other sows and a 2-year-old Gloucestershire Old Spot boar. One of the stillborn piglets from this litter was submitted to the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center for necropsy; no placental tissue was submitted with the piglet. A second sow from this group had aborted a …

Review Of Haploporid (Trematoda) Genera With Ornate Muscularization In The Region Of The Oral Sucker, Including Four New Species And A New Genus, Eric E. Pulis, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Species of the Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914 with elaborate muscularization of the oral sucker belong in three trematode genera, including three new species and a new genus from the intestine of fishes in Australian waters. Spiritestis Nagaty, 1948 is resurrected and S. herveyensis n. sp. is described from the mullet Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål) collected in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia; the latter differs from S. arabii Nagaty, 1948 in that the position of the genital pore is pharyngeal rather than post-pharyngeal and the geographical range is off Australia rather than the Red Sea. A new genus is proposed for two new species, …

Disposition Of Mefloquine And Enpiroline Is Highly Influenced By A Chronic Schistosoma Mansoni Infection, Katrin Ingram, Urs Duthaler, Mireille Vargas, William Ellis, Jennifer Keiser

United States Army: Publications

Chronic Schistosoma mansoni infections lead to severe tissue destruction of the gut wall and liver and can influence drug disposition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a chronic S. mansoni infection on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of two promising antischistosomal lead candidates (mefloquine and enpiroline) in mice. Studies were conducted in two different mouse cohorts (S. mansoni-infected and uninfected mice) for both drugs. Plasma samples were collected at various time points after oral treatment (200 mg/kg of body weight) with study drugs. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was validated to analyze enpiroline and mefloquine in plasma. …

Full-Length Plasmodium Falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein Administered With Long-Chain Poly(I•C) Or The Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonist Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant-Stable Emulsion Elicits Potent Antibody And Cd4+ T Cell Immunity And Protection In Mice, Kathrin Kastenmüller, Diego A. Espinosa, Lauren Trager, Cristina Stoyanov, Andres M. Salazar, Santosh Pokalwar, Sanjay Singh, Sheetij Dutta, Christian F. Ockenhouse, Fidel Zavala, Robert A. Seder

United States Army: Publications

The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein (CSP) is a major vaccine target for preventing malaria infection. Thus, developing strong and durable antibody and T cell responses against CSP with novel immunogens and potent adjuvants may improve upon the success of current approaches. Here, we compare four distinct full-length P. falciparum CS proteins expressed in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris for their ability to induce immunity and protection in mice when administered with long-chain poly(I·C) [poly(I·C)LC] as an adjuvant. CS proteins expressed in E. coli induced high-titer antibody responses against the NANP repeat region and potent CSP-specific CD4⁺ T cell …

Ebola Virus Exploits A Monocyte Differentiation Program To Promote Its Entry, Osvaldo Martinez, Joshua C. Johnson, Anna Honko, Benjamin Yen, Reed S. Shabman, Lisa E. Hensley, Gene G. Olinger, Christopher F. Basler

United States Army: Publications

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are critical targets of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection in vivo. However, the susceptibility of monocytes to infection is controversial. Studies indicate productive monocyte infection, and yet monocytes are also reported to be resistant to EBOV GP-mediated entry. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are permissive for both EBOV entry and replication. Here, freshly isolated monocytes are demonstrated to indeed be refractory to EBOV entry. However, EBOV binds monocytes, and delayed entry occurs during monocyte differentiation. Cultured monocytes spontaneously downregulate the expression of viral entry restriction factors such as interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins, while upregulating the expression …

Research At The University Of Nebraska–Lincoln: 2012 - 2013 Report, Vicki Miller , Editor

Office of Research and Economic Development: Publications

Contents

Innovative Collaborations Drive Success ... 1

Unraveling Secrets of Brain, Biology and Behavior ... 2

Research, Athletics Partnership ... 4

Understanding Impact of Toddler Sleep Habits ... 5

For Nonparticipants, Voting May Just Be Too Stressful ... 6

Collaborating on Nanoelectronics ... 8

Aftercare Critical for At-risk Teens ... 9

Defense-related Research Expanding ... 10

Reporting Key to Preventing Violence ... 11

Book Opens Cather Letters ... 12

Pioneering New Era for Literary Scholarship ... 14

Lizard Fossil Reveals Climate Clues ... 15

Innovation Campus Emerging ... 16

Research Leading to Water-wise Sensor ... 17

Bolstering Plants’ Defenses ... …

Characterization Of Ovine Nectin-4, A Novel Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Receptor, Jamie Birch, Nicholas Juleff, Michael P. Heaton, Ted Kalbfleisch, James Kijas, Dalan Bailey

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Small ruminants infected with peste des petits ruminants virus exhibit lesions typical of epithelial infection and necrosis. However, the only established host receptor for this virus is the immune cell marker signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). We have confirmed that the ovine Nectin-4 protein, when overexpressed in epithelial cells, permits efficient replication of PPRV. Furthermore, this gene was predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues and encoded by multiple haplotypes in sheep breeds from around the world.

Endangered Status And Designation Of Critical Habitat For Gunnison Sage-Grouse: Literature Cited

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Literature Cited A-Z

Aldridge, C.L. 1998. Status of the sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) in Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Wildlife Status Report No. 13, Edmonton, AB. 23 pp.

Aldridge, C.L. and M.S. Boyce. 2007. Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: a habitat-based approach for endangered greater sage-grouse. Ecological Applications 17:508-526.

Aldridge, C.L. and R.M. Brigham. 2003. Distribution, abundance, and status of the greater sage-grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 117:25-34.

Aldridge, C.L., S.E. Nielsen, H.L. Beyer, M.S. Boyce, J.W. Connelly, S.T. Knick, and M.A. Schroeder. 2008. Range-wide patterns of …

Antigenicity And Immunogenicity Of Rv144 Vaccine Aidsvax Clade E Envelope Immunogen Is Enhanced By A Gp120 N-Terminal Deletion, S. Munir Alam, Hua-Xin Liao, Georgia D. Tomaras, Mattia Bonsignori, Chun-Yen Tsao, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Hiayan Chen, Krissey E. Lloyd, Cindy Bowman, Laura Sutherland, Thomas L. Jeffries Jr., Daniel M. Kozink, Shelley Stewart, Kara Anasti, Frederick H. Jaeger, Robert Parks, Nicole L. Yates, R. Glenn Overman, Faruk Sinangil, Phillip W. Berman, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Nicos Karasavva, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Jerome H. Kim, Nelson L. Michael, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Sampa Santra, Norman L. Letvin, Stephen C. Harrison, Barton F. Haynes

United States Army: Publications

An immune correlates analysis of the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial revealed that antibody responses to the gp120 V1/V2 region correlated inversely with infection risk. The RV144 protein immunogens (A244-rp120 and MN-rgp120) were modified by an N-terminal 11-amino-acid deletion (Δ11) and addition of a herpes simplex virus (HSV) gD protein-derived tag (gD). We investigated the effects of these modifications on gp120 expression, antigenicity, and immunogenicity by comparing unmodified A244 gp120 with both Δ11 deletion and gD tag and with Δ11 only. Analysis of A244 gp120, with or without Δ11 or gD, demonstrated that the Δ11 deletion, without the addition of gD, …

Novel 16s Rrna Methyltransferase Rmth Produced By Klebsiella Pneumoniae Associated With War-Related Trauma, Jessica A. O'Hara, Patrick Mcgann, Erik C. Snesrud, Robert J. Clifford, Paige E. Waterman, Emil P. Lesho, Yohei Doi

United States Army: Publications

Klebsiella pneumoniae strain MRSN2404 was isolated from the chronic wound of a soldier who had been wounded in Iraq in 2006. The strain displayed very high MICs of all aminoglycosides, including arbekacin. A gene encoding a novel 16S rRNA methyltransferase, now designated RmtH, was identified. RmtH had 64% identity with RmtB1 and RmtB2. rmtH was bracketed by two copies of ISCR2, which may have played a role in its mobilization.

Blue Light Rescues Mice From Potentially Fatal Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Burn Infection: Efficacy, Safety, And Mechanism Of Action, Tianhong Dai, Asheesh Gupta, Ying-Ying Huang, Rui Yin, Clinton K. Murray, Mark S. Vrahas, Margaret E. Sherwood, George P. Tegos, Michael R. Hamblin

United States Army: Publications

Blue light has attracted increasing attention due to its intrinsic antimicrobial effect without the addition of exogenous photosensitizers. However, the use of blue light for wound infections has not been established yet. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of blue light at 415 nm for the treatment of acute, potentially lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn infections in mice. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that the inactivation rate of P. aeruginosa cells by blue light was approximately 35-fold higher than that of keratinocytes (P=0.0014). Transmission electron microscopy revealed blue light-mediated intracellular damage to P. aeruginosa cells. Fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that coproporphyrin …

Review Article Mycobacterium Bovis (Bovine Tuberculosis) Infection In North American Wildlife: Current Status And Opportunities For Mitigation Of Risks Of Further Infection In Wildlife Populations, R. S. Miller, S. J. Sweeney

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has been identified in nine geographically distinct wildlife populations in North America and Hawaii and is endemic in at least three populations, including members of the Bovidae, Cervidae, and Suidae families. The emergence of M. bovis in North American wildlife poses a serious and growing risk for livestock and human health and for the recreational hunting industry. Experience in many countries, including the USA and Canada, has shown that while M. bovis can be controlled when restricted to livestock species, it is almost impossible to eradicate once it has spread …

Assessment Of Paper Interstate Certificates Of Veterinary Inspection Used To Support Disease Tracing In Cattle, Katie Portacci, Ryan Miller, Philip D. Riggs, Michael G. Buhnerkempe, Lauren M. Abrahamsen

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Objective—To evaluate the differences among each state’s Interstate Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (ICVI) form and the legibility of data on paper ICVIs used to support disease tracing in cattle. Design—Descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. Sample—Examples of ICVIs from 50 states and 7,630 randomly sampled completed paper ICVIs for cattle from 48 states. Procedures—Differences among paper ICVI forms from all 50 states were determined. Sixteen data elements were selected for further evaluation of their value in tracing cattle. Completed paper ICVIs for interstate cattle exports in 2009 were collected from 48 states. Each of the 16 data elements was recorded as legible, …

A National-Scale Picture Of U.S. Cattle Movements Obtainedfrom Interstate Certificate Of Veterinary Inspection Data, Daniel A. Grear, Ryan S. Miller, Jason E. Lombard, Colleen T. Webb, Michael Buhnerkempe, Katie Portacci

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

tWe present the first comprehensive description of how shipments of cattle connect thegeographic extent and production diversity of the United States cattle industry. We built anetwork of cattle movement from a state-stratified 10% systematic sample of calendar year2009 Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection (ICVI) data. ICVIs are required to certifythe apparent health of cattle moving across state borders and allow us to examine cattlemovements at the county scale. The majority of the ICVI sample consisted of small ship-ments (head) moved for feeding and beef production. Geographically, the central plainsstates had the most connections, correlated to feeding infrastructure. The entire nation …

A Chimeric Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein Vaccine Induces High Titers Of Parasite Growth Inhibitory Antibodies, James R. Alaro, Andrea Partridge, Kazutoyo Miura, Ababacar Diouf, Ana M. Lopez, Evelina Angov, Carole A. Long, James M. Burns Jr.

United States Army: Publications

The C-terminal 19-kDa domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1₁₉) is an established target of protective antibodies. However, clinical trials of PfMSP1₄₂, a leading blood-stage vaccine candidate which contains the protective epitopes of PfMSP1₁₉, revealed suboptimal immunogenicity and efficacy. Based on proof-of-concept studies in the Plasmodium yoelii murine model, we produced a chimeric vaccine antigen containing recombinant PfMSP1₁₉ (rPfMSP1₁₉) fused to the N terminus of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 8 that lacked its low-complexity Asn/Asp-rich domain, rPfMSP8 (Asn/ Asp). Immunization of mice with the chimeric rPfMSP1/8 vaccine elicited …

Title Page, Contents, Contributors For Estudios Científicos En El Estado De Hidalgo Y Zonas Aledañas, Volumen Ii, Griselda Pulido-Flores, Scott Monks

Estudios científicos en el estado de Hidalgo y zonas aledañas

Title Page

Contents

Contributors

A Bayesian Approach For Modeling Cattle Movements In The United States: Scaling Up A Partially Observed Network, Katie Portacci, Tom Lindstrom, Daniel A. Grear, Michael Buhnerkempe, Colleen T. Webb, Ryan S. Miller, Uno Wennergren

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Networks are rarely completely observed and prediction of unobserved edges is an important problem, especially in disease spread modeling where networks are used to represent the pattern of contacts. We focus on a partially observed cattle movement network in the U.S. and present a method for scaling up to a full network based on Bayesian inference, with the aim of informing epidemic disease spread models in the United States. The observed network is a 10% state stratified sample of Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection that are required for interstate movement; describing approximately 20,000 movements from 47 of the contiguous states, …

Vaccination With Intestinal Tract Antigens Does Not Induce Protective Immunity In A Permissive Model Of Filariasis, C. Paul Morris, Marina N. Torrero, David Larson, Holly Evans, Yinghui Shi, Rachel T. Cox, Edward Mitre

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Antigens obtained from the intestinal tract of filarial nematodes have been proposed as potential safe and effective vaccine candidates. Because they may be ‘hidden’ from the immune response during natural infection, yet accessible by antibodies induced by vaccination, intestinal antigens may have a low potential for eliciting allergic responses when vaccinating previously infected individuals. Despite prior promising data, vaccination with intestinal antigens has yet to be tested in a permissive model of filariasis. In this study we investigated the efficacy of vaccination with filarial intestinal antigens in the permissive Litomosoides sigmodontis BALB/c model of filariasis, and we evaluated the extent …

Validation Of A Cell-Based Elisa As A Screening Tool Identifyinganti-Alphavirus Small-Molecule Inhibitors, Kevin B. Spurgers, Clarence R. Hurt, Jeffrey W. Cohen, Lori T. Eccelston, Cathleen M. Lind, Vishwanath R. Lingappa, Pamela J. Glass

United States Army: Publications

Venezuelan (VEEV), eastern, and western equine encephalitis viruses, members of the genus Alphavirus, are causative agents of debilitative and sometimes fatal encephalitis. Although human cases are rare, these viruses pose a threat to military personnel, and to public health, due to their potential use as bioweapons. Currently, there are no licensed therapeutics for treating alphavirus infections. To address this need, small-molecules with potential anti-alphavirus activity, provided by collaborators, are tested routinely in live alpha virus assays utilizing time-consuming virus yield-reduction assays. To expedite the screening/hit-confirmation process, a cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and validated for the measurement …

Genome Sequence Of The Attenuated Carbosap Vaccine Strain Of Bacillus Anthracis, Robin Harrington, Brian D. Ondov, Diana Radune, Mary Beth Friss, Joy Klubnik, Lynn Diviak, Jonathan Hnath, Stephen R. Cendrowski, Thomas E. Blank, David Karaolis, Arthur M. Friedlander, James P. Burans, M. J. Rosovitz, Todd Treangen, Adam M. Phillippy, Nicholas H. Bergman

United States Army: Publications

The Bacillus anthracis Carbosap genome, which includes the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids, has been shown to encode the major B. anthracis virulence factors, yet this strain’s attenuation has not yet been explained. Here we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, and a comparison to fully virulent B. anthracis.

Ifitm-2 And Ifitm-3 But Not Ifitm-1 Restrict Rift Valley Fever Virus, Rajini Mudhasani, Julie P. Tran, Cary Retterer, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Krishna P. Kota, Louis A. Altamura, Jeffrey M. Smith, Beverly Z. Packard, Jens H. Kuhn, Julie Costantino, Aura R. Garrison, Connie S. Schmaljohn, I-Chueh Huang, Michael Farzan, Sina Bavari

United States Army: Publications

We show that interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM-1), IFITM-2, and IFITM-3 exhibit a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against several members of the Bunyaviridae family, including Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), La Crosse virus, Andes virus, and Hantaan virus, all of which can cause severe disease in humans and animals. We found that RVFV was restricted by IFITM-2 and -3 but not by IFITM-1, whereas the remaining viruses were equally restricted by all IFITMs. Indeed, at low doses of alpha interferon (IFNα), IFITM-2 and -3 mediated more than half of the antiviral activity of IFNα against RVFV. IFITM-2 and -3 …

Detection Of New Delhi Metallo-Β-Lactamase (Encoded By BlaNdm-1) In Acinetobacter Schindleri During Routine Surveillance, Patrick Mcgann, Michael Milillo, Robert J. Clifford, Erik Snesrud, Lindsay Stevenson, Michael G. Backlund, Helen B. Viscount, Reyes Quintero, Yoon I. Kwak, Michael J. Zapor, Paige W. Waterman, Emil P. Lesho

United States Army: Publications

A carbapenem-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis strain was isolated from a surveillance swab of a service member injured in Afghanistan. The isolate was positive for bla_NDM by real-time PCR. Species identification was reevaluated on three identification systems but was inconclusive. Genome sequencing indicated that the closest relative was Acinetobacter schindleri and that bla_NDM-1 was carried on a plasmid that shared >99% identity with one identified in an Acinetobacter lwoffii isolate. The isolate also carried a novel chromosomally encoded class D oxacillinase.

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine Protects Nonhuman Primates From Intramuscular And Aerosol Challenge With Ebolavirus, Andrew S. Herbert, Ana I. Kuehne, James F. Barth, Ramon A. Ortiz, Donald K. Nichols, Samantha E. Zak, Spencer W. Stonier, Majidat A. Muhammad, Russell R. Bakken, Laura I. Prugar, Gene G. Olinger, Jennifer L. Groebner, John S. Lee, William D. Pratt, Max Custer, Kurt I. Kamrud, Jonathan F. Smith, Mary Kate Hart, John M. Dye

United States Army: Publications

There are no vaccines or therapeutics currently approved for the prevention or treatment of ebolavirus infection. Previously, a replicon vaccine based on Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) demonstrated protective efficacy against Marburg virus in nonhuman primates. Here, we report the protective efficacy of Sudan virus (SUDV)- and Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific VEEV replicon particle (VRP) vaccines in nonhuman primates. VRP vaccines were developed to express the glycoprotein (GP) of either SUDV or EBOV. A single intramuscular vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with VRP expressing SUDV GP provided complete protection against intramuscular challenge with SUDV. Vaccination against SUDV and subsequent survival of SUDV …

Characterization Of The Uukuniemi Virus Group (Phlebovirus: Bunyaviridae): Evidence For Seven Distinct Species, Gustavo Oalacios, Nazir Savji, Amelia Tracassos Da Rosa, Hilda Guzman, Xuejie Yu, Aaloki Desai, Gail Emilia Rosen, Stephen Hutchison, W. Ian Lipkin, Robert Tesh

United States Army: Publications

Evolutionary insights into the phleboviruses are limited because of an imprecise classification scheme based on partial nucleotide sequences and scattered antigenic relationships. In this report, the serologic and phylogenetic relationships of the Uukuniemi group viruses and their relationships with other recently characterized tick-borne phleboviruses are described using full length genome sequences. We propose that the viruses currently included in the Uukuniemi virus group be assigned to five different species as follows: Uukuniemi virus, EgAn 1825-61 virus, Fin V707 virus, Chizé virus, and Zaliv Terpenia virus would be classified into the Uukuniemi species; Murre virus, RML-105-105355 …

Immunization Of Mice With Formalin-Inactivated Spores From Avirulent Bacillus Cereus Strains Provides Significant Protection From Challenge With Bacillus Anthracis Ames, James M. Vergis, Christopher K. Cote, Joel Bozue, Farhang Alem, Christy L. Ventura, Susan L. Welkos, Alison D. O’Brien

United States Army: Publications

Bacillus anthracis spores are the infectious form of the organism for humans and animals. However, the approved human vaccine in the United States is derived from a vegetative culture filtrate of a toxigenic, nonencapsulated B. anthracis strain that primarily contains protective antigen (PA). Immunization of mice with purified spore proteins and formalin-inactivated spores (FIS) from a nonencapsulated, nontoxigenic B. anthracis strain confers protection against B. anthracis challenge when PA is also administered. To investigate the capacity of the spore particle to act as a vaccine without PA, we immunized mice subcutaneously with FIS from nontoxigenic, nonencapsulated B. cereus strain G9241 …