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The Specific Status Of The Narrow-Skulled Vole (Subgenus Stenocranius Kashchenko) In North America, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

On morphological and zoogeographical grounds, discussed in the present paper, it is concluded that the narrow-skulled vole in North America, previously designated Microtus (Stenocranius) miurus Osgood, is conspecific with the Eurasian M. (Stenocranius) gregalis Pallas. Fourteen subspecies in Eurasia and 5 in North America are now recognized, but it is probable that the number in Eurasia will be reduced through future investigation. The Eurasian subspecies of this vole comprise two major groups, of which one occupies the tundra zone and the other occurs across central Asia below latitude 60° N; their geographic ranges are largely separate …

Government Research (2nd Bird Control Seminar 1964), Clarence Faulkner , A. B. Stevenson , Carlton Herman

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Papers include:
Control Methods and Pesticide Problems
Canadian Programs
Disease as a Factor in Bird Control

Non-Commercial Operations In Bird Control (2nd Bird Control Seminar 1964), John Beck, Paul Ochs, Alex T. Cringan, Clarence Faulkner, William B. Jackson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Papers include:
Airport Problems
Urban and Rural Problems
Blackbird Problems
New Approaches

Academic Aspects Of Bird Control (2nd Bird Control Seminar 1964), William B. Jackson , Mel Dyer, Walter Howard

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Papers include:

Dr. William B. Jackson, Bowling Green State University - Undergraduate Preparation

Dr. Mel Dyer, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada - Approaches to Research

Dr. Walter Howard, University of California, Davis - Some General Remarks Regarding Bird Control

Presentation of Specific Problems

Public Health Aspects Of Bird Control, William B. Jackson, Ralph Masterson, Paul Schnurrenberger, D. O. Jones, Roderic Jones, John Morley, George Mowrey

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The first session; papers include:
Animal Diseases in General
Public Health Aspects of Bird Control or Zoonoses
Public Relations
Sanitation

Legal Aspects Of Bird Control, Ray Davis, Jack Russell, John Ludeman, Nathaniel Geary, Ed Bosak

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Second session; papers include:
Legal Aspects
Enforcement
Humane Laws and Poison Laws
Registration of Materials
Use Restrictions
Wildlife Regulations

Commercial Operations Session (2nd Bird Control Seminar), Lee Truman, Phil Spear, Jim Steckel, Harlan Shuyler

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Third session; papers include:
New Problems
New Materials
Preparation of Materials and New Techniques
Community Control Programs

Proceedings: Second Bird Control Seminar (1964) -- Contents And Schedule

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY, BOWLING GREEN, OHIO 1964

In cooperation with:
U. S. Fish a Wildlife Service, Ohio Pest Control Association, Toledo Department of Health, Economic Biology Curriculum, Bowling Green State University
Note to the reader:
These proceedings were taken "verbatium" on stenotype machine by the Hammock, Pace, and LaMotte Company of Columbus, Ohio. Several of the speakers did not use prepared texts, and one session made extensive use of slides. Therefore, many parts of the proceedings make somewhat unusual or seemingly disjointed reading. This is caused by the fact that we are unable to incorporate inflec¬tions of voice, mood, …

Calcium Ion Requirement For Proliferation Of Bacteriophage Φμ-4, Fred Shafia, T.L. Thompson

Papers in Microbiology

SHAFIA, FRED (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), AND T. L. THOMPSON. Calcium ion requirement for proliferation of bacteriophage Φμ-4. J. Bacteriol. 88:293-296. 1964.-Divalent ions are essential for proliferation of phage Φμ-4. Small amounts of citrate interfere with efficient adsorption of phage to the host cells. Penetration of phage material into the cell is strictly dependent on divalent ions and is inhibited by low levels of citrate. Inhibition of infection can be partially reversed, in early latent period, by calcium ions. Synthesis of new phage particles is also dependent on divalent ions. Addition of citrate to infected cell suspensions significantly reduced the …

Exposure To Parathion Effect On General Population And Asthmatics, Robert S. Ganelin, Cipriano Cueto Jr., G. Allen Mail

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

There has been much lay and medical concern regarding toxic effects of insecticides on the general population. In addition to direct toxic effects, it is suspected that insecticidal application has deleterious physical effects on persons with respiratory diseases. To evaluate some of these problems, the authors have attempted to quantitate actual absorption, symptoms, and laboratory evidence of intoxication in persons with varying degrees of exposure to parathion. By means of controlled observations, the respiratory effect of application of this compound on persons with bronchial asthma was also measured. The results suggest that the effect of this chemical on the general …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xl. Strigea Gruis Sp. N., A Trematode Parasite Of Grus Canadensis (L.), Georges Dubois, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Strigea gruis sp. n. (Trematoda: Strigeata, Strigeidae) is described from the sandhill crane Grus c. canadensis (L.). Only one other species of Strigea (S. neotidis Bisseru, 1956) is known from birds of the order Gruiformes; it is distinguished from S. gruis by several characteristics including its slender form, campanulate anterior segment, size of pharynx and of eggs, position of ovary, and position and size of testes. S. gruis differs from two other species having a relatively large pharynx, S. sphaerula (Rudolphi, 1803) and S. intermedia Szidat, 1932, both parasites of corvids, in the form of the anterior segment and …

Isolation And Preliminary Characterization Of Bacteriophage Φμ-4, Fred Shafia, T.L. Thompson

Papers in Microbiology

Isolation and preliminary characterization of bacteriophage Φμ-4. J. Bacteriol. 87:999-1002. 1964.-Bacteriophage Φμ-4 was isolated from lysogenic Bacillus stearothermophilus NU strain 4, and was propagated in strain 10 of the same species. The phage was extremely host-specific. One of the 23 strains of thermophiles screened for susceptibility supported phage replication. Plaque-forming efficiency of Φμ-4 depended on the agar medium employed and the temperature of incubation. Generally, media which resulted in restricted growth of the host cells on agar plates were most satisfactory for plaque formation. A latent period of 35 min was terminated in cell lysis and release of about 175 …

Arctic Health Research Center, U.S. Public Health Service, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A program of research in Alaska was initiated by the United States Public Health Service in 1948, with the establishment of a field station in temporary facilities located at Anchorage. This station, officially designated the Arctic Health Research Center in May 1950, was founded largely as the result of surveys of health conditions in Alaska conducted during 1946 and 1947 by two committees representing the American Medical Association. The reports of these committees led Congress to pass a special appropriation bill to support the investigation of health problems in Alaska.

Six research sections were set up within the first year. …

Nebraska Bird Review (April 1964) 32(2), Whole Issue.

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Notes on Dr. Solon R. Towne and Early, Bird Study in Omaha and Nebraska .............................................................. 18

Harry C. Oberholzer .............................................................................. 28

Francis Lee Jaques ................................................................................ 29

Robert J. Niedrach .................................................................................. 30

1963 Christmas Bird Count in Nebraska .......................................... 33

General Notes .......................................................................................... 36

Treasurer's Report-1963 ...................................................................... 39

Letters to the Editor .............................................................................. 40

Bait Mixing Equipment Used In Vertebrate Pest Control, Percy F. Wright

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

I would like to discuss with you the reason why agricultural commissioners are in the poison bait business. The following are excerpts from the Agricultural Code of the State of California. Section 100 describes a pest as follows: "Pest means any of the following that is, or is liable to be dangerous or detrimental to the agricultural industry of this State" and for the purpose of this talk only part two of this section is cited which states, "any form of animal life." This is the part which covers vertebrate pests. Section 102 states, "Each commissioner is an enforcing officer …

Forest Animal Damage Control, Nelson B. Kverno

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

As a nation we have gained world recognition for our ability to utilize our resources. In forestry our greatest accomplishments have been in the mechanization of harvest methods and in improvements in forest products. The renewal of this resource has been our greatest neglect. Though the end of the 19th Century marked the beginning of the conservation movement, it was not until a half century later that the force of economics through the demands of a growing population made forest re-establishment more than just a desire. Conservation in itself is a Utopian concept which requires other motivating forces to make …

Rabbit Control, Warren V. Johnson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Common California rabbits comprise two major genera. One, the genus Sylvilagus, or true rabbit, is represented by the cottontail and brush rabbits. The second of the two major genera is the genus Lepus, or hares. These are erroneously called the jack rabbits and snow shoe rabbits. The common jack rabbit, Lepus californicus, is the most familiar one throughout California and portions of some of the other western states. Because of their size and abundance, they are by far the most destructive - so emphasis will be placed on this species throughout the balance of this report. The diet of the …

Animal Control In New Zealand, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

New Zealand has a multiplicity of challenging animal-control problems, and all of them concern animals which man has intentionally introduced either for sport, food or fur. Since the beginning of European settlement in the 19th Century, approximately 53 species of mammals and 125 species of birds have been deliberately or accidentally introduced into New Zealand, and 34 birds and 31 mammals have become established (Wodzicki, 1950). The principal reasons the exotic big game animals (Riney, 1955), fur bearers and feral domestic livestock have been so destructive to certain habitats in New Zealand are because 1) some of the soils are …

Closing Remarks: Second Vertebrate Pest Control Conference, Maynard W. Cummings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The Second Vertebrate Pest Control Conference is concluded. We hope it has been, in some measure, educational and worthwhile to each one of you. Many of you who are here attended the first conference, which was held in Sacramento two years ago. The obvious spirit displayed at that meeting, a genuine intense interest in absorbing new knowledge presented by the speakers, the warmth of making and renewing acquaintances among fellow workers and the enjoyment of the truly rare opportunity to exchange information in this special field, vertebrate pest control, has, I feel, been reenacted here. For these reasons this second …

The Evolution Of Plague Control In California, Keith F. Murray

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Bubonic plague no longer is regarded as the dreaded black death of the middle ages. The last great plague pandemic has come to an end. In California, human cases have averaged no more than one every two years for several decades. With modern antibiotics properly administered, recovery is assured. At the same time, there is no doubt that plague is firmly entrenched in the rodent fauna and we should not be lulled even by years of quiescence into assuming that massive epizootics will not break out in the future. There is the un-measurable risk of a quick pneumonic outbreak with …

Highlights Of Bird Control Research In England, France, Holland, And Germany, John L. Seubert

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of the research being conducted in England, France, Germany, and The Netherlands on problems caused by nuisance and depredating birds. Much of the information presented has been obtained through correspondence with collaborators. In the fall of 1962, I discussed depredating bird and bird-airport problems with research workers in these countries, and also attended the meeting of the International Union of Applied Ornithology held in Frankfurt/Main. In November 1963, I attended an international symposium about the bird-airport problem, held in Nice, France. This paper will draw attention to the current …

Antifertility Agents In Vertebrate Pest Control, Donald S. Balser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

There is an increasing need for new means of population control from the simplest organisms up to the larger mammalian species (include man if you wish.) A number of interesting and promising leads, such as environmental manipulation, introduction of predators, diseases, parasites, etc., and particularly antifertility agents, have been proposed for some time, but research into the latter approach in mammal control is quite recent and limited. The use of toxic agents has long been the principal method of vertebrate population con¬trol, but the potential for the use of antiferti1ity agents to suppress reproduction may provide an important advancement. I …

Starlings In California, Charles C. Siebe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

In 1959 Dr. Walter E. Howard, in an article printed in the Bulletin of the California Department of Agriculture, stated: "Even though the starling may be unwanted in California, it is now here and there is little chance of extirpating it". This statement is as true today as it was five years ago. At present we have in California a resident population that is increasing each year and will most probably continue to increase. Nesting starlings have been found from Imperial and San Diego Counties in the south to Modoc County in the north. To-date damage has been confined primarily …

The Control Of Vertebrate Problem Animals In The Province Of The Cape Of Good Hope, Republic Of South Africa, Douglas Hey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The policy of the Cape Provincial Department of Nature Conservation is based on the concept of "wise management" of wildlife resources. Where crop damage is real, control measures are essential. These, however, must be adapted to the species concerned and applied only where the damage is taking place. Blanket measures which also kill many useful species must be avoided. For this reason, the control of problem animals should be vested in the agency concerned with wildlife conservation.

Pest Control Methods And People, John E. Swift

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Frankly I am not sure what "Pest Control Methods and People" really means. When I asked what I should cover, I was told to give a general discussion on pesticides. I am not sure this is appropriate even though the laws and regulations that pertain to other pesticides apply equally to those materials used in vertebrate pest control; the conditions of use, the types of chemicals used, their effect upon various animal species, and the number of chemicals available are so different from the pesticides used in controlling invertebrate pests that generalizations may not cover the topic. There are, however, …

Methods Of Controlling Blackbird Damage To Field Corn In South Dakota, John W. De Grazio

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

One of the most widespread bird problems in the Western United States is damage to ripening cereal grain crops. Crops such as corn, rice, and sorghum, when grown close to favored roosting areas are often subject to serious damage from large flocks of feeding blackbirds. The redwinged blackbird is the most numerous species and causes most of the damage, but other blackbird species, including the yellow-headed blackbird, the common grackle, the brown-headed cowbird, and Brewer's blackbird, also contribute to damage problems. The Denver Wildlife Research Center is actively investigating methods to combat blackbird depredations to field corn in the vicinity …

Bats: Their Public Health Importance And Control With Special Reference To Trinidad, Arthur M. Greenhall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

This brief review of the public health importance and control of bats is oriented to Trinidad, where, during the past ten years I investigated their zoomedical importance (1). Trinidad is noted for Pawan's classic epidemiological studies of bat rabies (2,3) as well as its bat control program with which I have been associated since its inception in 1934 (4). Further, Trinidad has bat problems, in addition to rabies, which occur in other countries of the world. Although various methods of bat control have been developed in Trinidad, the field is virtually unexplored. Increasingly, bat control is a matter of paramount …

Sound In Vertebrate Pest Control, Hubert Frings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The best known vertebrate pests, as the papers presented at this meeting show, are birds and mammals. Other vertebrates, however, may become pests also: sharks, lampreys, toads (they fall into swimming pools), geckos, tortoises and snakes, for example. Without considering them, however, the depredations by birds and mammals alone are so varied that no single method of pest control can ever be all-embracing. Certainly, no one would suggest that acoustical methods would be, but, with further study, acoustical pest control should be much more widely used. I hope to point out here the possibilities and a few realities in bio-acoustics …

Hawaiian Sugar Cane Rat Control Methods And Problems, William R. Smythe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The problem of rats in our Hawaiian sugar cane fields has been with us for a long time. Early records tell of heavy damage at various times on all the islands where sugar cane is grown. Many methods were tried to control these rats. Trapping was once used as a control measure, a bounty was used for a time, gangs of dogs were trained to catch the rats as the cane was harvested. Many kinds of baits and poisons were used. All of these methods were of some value as long as labor was cheap. Our present day problem started …

Roof Rat Populations In Santa Clara County, California, Dean H. Ecke

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Northern Santa Clara County, California, was historically an agricultural community with orchard culture dominating the economy. Prunes, apricots, walnuts, and cherries were the principal crops. Orchards were disced clean during most of the summer growing season, and a cover crop of mustard or horse beans was grown beneath the trees in winter. About the only "natural" year around cover on the valley floor was the brush and grass which volunteered along the several creek banks. Under such conditions, roof rats (Rattus rattus) were not numerous. An occasional rat colony could be found in a fruit processing shed or …