Digital Commons Network^™

Ncr93-497 Kitchen Planning, Wanda Olson, Delores Ginthner, Becky Yust

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Decisions you make about your kitchen depend upon your current and future needs, your lifestytle, your interests and the structural limitations of the house. A well-designed kitchen should be functional and aesthetically pleasing. It should harmonize with other areas of the house for a consistent appearance. The materials and furnishings you choose affect the appearance, character, and functionality of the kitchen. In addition, kitchen design can have a major impact on the energy system of the whole house.

This publication provides information to help you make those decisions as you build or remodel your kitchen.

G93-1187 Financing Natural Resources Programs In Nebraska, Roy Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the regulatory agencies of Nebraska's natural resources including their responsibilities and services. Issues in natural resources programs are discussed.

In Nebraska's system of state and local government, primary responsibility for protecting and preserving natural resources is assigned to the Nebraska Natural Resources Commission (NRC), the Nebraska Department of Water Resources (DWR) and 23 Natural Resources Districts (NRDs). Both NRC and DWR are state agencies, while NRDs are political subdivisions (local units of government). The activities of each have expanded over time as the public's interest in protecting natural resources has grown more intense.

Nf93-126 Health And Safety In The Arts And Crafts, Mary C. Saylor, Shirley Niemeyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses safety issues in arts and crafts.

Development Of A Method For The Serological Differentiation Between Animals Either Vaccinated With Killed Virus Vaccine Or Infected By Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv), Jimmy Kwang, E. Travis Littledike

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVO), caused by the BVO virus, has been recognized in many parts of the world and is considered to have a marked economic impact on the cattle industry. In the U.S. alone, serological surveys indicated that 60 to 80% of the cattle population have antibodies to the virus. There are many strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVOV) which differ in their ability to cause changes in cell culture. Thus, cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes of BVOV are identified. The cytopathic strains induce a vacuolation of the infected cultured cells, where noncytopathic strains do not. Control of BVOV …

Consequences Of Antigenic Diversity Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, E. Travis Littledike, Steven R. Bolin, Julia F. Ridpath

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Two main biotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have been identified based on their ability to cause changes in tissue culture cells. The cytopathic biotype multiplies in tissue culture and kills cells, while the noncytopathic biotype slowly multiplies in tissue culture and has much less ability to kill tissue culture cells. In general, cytopathic BVDV biotypes cause acute infections that often kill the bovine fetus, while noncytopathic BVDV biotypes often result in chronic infection of the fetus which, subsequently, develops in calves and adults that carry and shed noncytopathic viruses at high levels for the rest of their lives. …

Determination Of Passive Immunity In Calves, Louis J. Perino, R. James Sutherland, Neal E. Woollen

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Calves passively acquire a significant and vital portion of their immune protection from disease through consumption of the first milk (colostrum). The immunoglobulins (antibodies) that are contained in colostrum will help protect the calf from disease for the first several months of life. This process is called passive immunoglobulin transfer. Failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer (FPT) is a serious and ongoing problem in calves. Although many factors that contribute to FPT have been examined, it continues to be an obstacle to profitability. Calves that do not receive adequate colostrum are at increased risk of infection from a variety of disease-causing …

Computer Simulation Of Body Composition In Growing And Finishing Beef Cattle, Charles B. Williams, John W. Keele, Gary L. Bennett

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference in 1985 recommended that Americans eat a diet with no more that 30% of the calories coming from fat, to reduce the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Beef with a low-fat content could compose a greater portion of this recommended diet than beef with a high-fat content. There is a large base of experimental results on the effects of various factors such as genetics, feeding level, sex condition, exogenous biological growth stimulants, time on feed, and postweaning management on growth, composition and palatability of beef carcasses. Systems analysis through the use …

Cycle V Of The Germplasm Evaluation (Gpe) Program In Beef Cattle, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Results from the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center demonstrated that vast genetic variation exits among and within breeds for most bioeconomic traits in beef cattle. The range for differences between breeds was comparable in magnitude to the range in breeding value of individuals within breeds for most traits. Thus, significant genetic change can result from selection both between and within breeds. Breeds can be selected to optimize performance levels for important bioeconomic traits with a high level of precision much more quickly than intrapopulation selection.

No single breed or biological …

Improving The Microbiological Quality Of Meat, James S. Dickson, Gregory R. Siragusa

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Microbial contamination of animal carcasses is a result of the necessary procedures required to process live animals into retail meat. The contamination can be minimized by good manufacturing processes, but the total elimination of bacteria of public health significance is difficult, if not impossible. A variety of methods have been developed to improve the microbiological quality of meat, although most of the current methods focus on washing and sanitizing the carcasses, prior to chilling.

The beef slaughter process begins by humanely stunning the animal, bleeding, and then removing the hooves and head. The hide is removed, and the carcass is …

Predicting The Growth Of Salmonellae On Beef, James S. Dickson, Gregory R. Siragusa, James E. Wray Jr.

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Bacterial contamination of fresh meats can occur during normal slaughter and handling procedures, although this contamination can be minimized by adhering to good hygienic practices during slaughter. Since the bacteria are confined almost exclusively to the carcass surface as compared to the deep muscle tissue, procedures which can control the survival and growth of bacteria on tissue surfaces are of interest to both the meat industry and regulatory agencies. Chilling, either by forced air or water spray systems, is used universally to reduce the growth of bacteria on animal carcasses. However, because of the initial heat in an animal carcass, …

G93-1139 Using The Dairy Herd Analyzer Program To Troubleshoot Management Problems, Jeffrey F. Keown, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Here's a logical approach to solving your herd's reproductive, nutritional, genetic and milk quality problems using the Dairy Herd Analyzer program.

The Dairy Herd Analyzer program was developed at Kansas State University. The program uses information on the DHIA-202 form to aid a producer in identifying areas that need to be addressed to improve productivity and overall herd management. The analysis specifically targets four management areas: reproduction, milk quality, nutrition and genetics.

G93-1189 Developing Dairy Heifer Rearing Expenses, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the pros and cons to consider as dairy producers evaluate raising their own replacement heifers or contracting with someone else to raise replacements.

Every successful dairy operation can account for most of the expenses that occur on the farm. But how many can actually cash flow each segment of the operation? Do you know how much it costs to raise your dairy heifers or what percentage of your total expenses can be directly attributed to the milking herd? Few producers spend much time attempting to cash flow or estimate costs of the various parts of the dairy …

Ec93-804-C The Increasing Number Of Children In Single Parent Families In Nebraska : 1970-1990, John C. Allen, Jian Wu

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 93-804C: This circular discusses the increasing number of children living with a single parent in Nebraska from 1970-1990.

Ec93-219-A 1994 Nebraska Swine Report

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 93-219-A contains the 1994 Nebraska Swine Report.

“Sound” Alternatives To Visual Graphics For Exploratory Data Analysis, John H. Flowers, Terry A. Hauer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Efficient exploratory data analysis (EDA) maybe aided by succinct, but informative, graphical representations (e.g., Tukey plots) that convey information about central tendency, variability, and shape of distributions, and that permit detection of outliers. Using research strategies adapted from studies of cross-modal perceptual equivalence, we show how auditory analogies of such displays may offer an effective alternative to visual plots for EDA.

Genetic Identificationo F A Hantavirusa Ssociated With An Outbreako F Acute Respiratoryi Llness, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Sergey Morzunov, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Heinz Feldmann, Anthony Sanchez, James E. Childs, Sherif Zaki, Clarence J. Peters

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.

Preparation And Use Of (2-Butene-1,4-Diyl)Magnesium Complexes In Organic Synthess, Reuben D. Rieke

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

The magnesium complexes of cyclic hydrocarbons, such as 1,2-dimethylenecycloalkanes, are readily prepared in high yields using highly reactive magnesium. Reactions of these (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium reagents with electrophiles such as dibromoalkanes, alkyl ditosylates, or bromoalkylnitriles serve as a convenient method for synthesizing spirocyclic systems. Significantly, spirocarbocycles prepared by this method contain functional groups such as the exocyclic double bond or a keto group in one of the rings which could be used for further elaboration of these molecules. Furthermore, fused bicyclic systems containing a substituted five-membered ring can be conveniently prepared at high temperatures by the reactions of (2-butene-1,4- diyl)magnesium complexes with …

Understanding The Phenomenon Of Drought, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The late 1980s and early 1990s will long be remembered for severe water shortages-a consequence of numerous consecutive years of drought over extensive portions of the U.S. In particular, many Americans will remember the 1988 drought for its wide-ranging economical, societal, and environmental effects. These effects went far beyond those normally associated with drought (i.e. , reductions in agricultural crop yields). Increased incidence of forest fires, curtailments in barge traffic on the Mississippi and other river systems, reduced recreational opportunities, higher energy use in response to much higher-than-normal temperatures, and mandatory restrictions on municipal water use are among the documented …

Chapter 13 Drought Mitigation In The United States: Progress By State Government, Donald A. Wilhite, Steven L. Rhodes

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Drought has been a recurrent feature of the American landscape in recent years, resulting in significant impacts in many economic sectors, including agriculture, transportation, energy, recreation, and health; it has also had adverse environmental consequences. For ex-ample, the economic impacts of the 1976–77 and 1988 droughts have been estimated at nearly $35 billion and $40 billion, respectively (NOAA, 1982; Riebsame et al., 1990). Other drought years, such as 1980, 1983, 1986, and 1989–91, resulted in significant losses as well. The present and future impacts of the current (1992) drought in the western states and in portions of the east are …

Chapter 6 Planning For Drought: A Methodology, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Developing a national or provincial drought policy and plan is a complicated but essential first step toward a reduction of societal vulnerability. Until recently, nations had devoted little effort toward drought planning, preferring instead the crisis management approach. Presently, an increasing number of nations are pursuing a more proactive approach that emphasizes the principles of risk management and sustainable development. Because of the multitude of impacts associated with drought and the numerous governmental agen-cies that have responsibility for some aspect of monitoring, assessment, mitigation, and planning, developing a policy and plan must be an integrated process within and between levels …

G93-1183 Butterfly Gardening, Dale T. Lindgren, Stephen M. Spomer, Amy Greving

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide outlines planting schemes and arrangements that will help attract butterflies to a garden area.

Butterflies can be found in almost any part of Nebraska, from the Pine Ridge's coniferous forests and across the grasslands of the Sandhills to the deciduous forests along the Missouri River. Watching butterflies, much like bird watching or observing wildflowers has become a popular and enjoyable pastime. Since many natural butterfly habitats have been lost to urbanization and other development, some environmental organizations have incorporated butterfly conservation into their programs. Many people are taking a personal interest in attracting these fascinating insects to their …

G93-1191 Glossary Of Water-Related Terms, William L. Kranz, Delynn Hay, James W. Goeke, David Gosselin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide is a glossary of water quantity, quality and human health related terms involving water. Terms are defined in contexts that could affect Nebraskans. We depend upon water for our very existence. The impact of water quality and quantity issues has never been greater. Yet the terminology used to describe the water we drink, the water we provide to plants and animals, the water stored underground, in lakes, rivers, and oceans, is not well understood by many Nebraskans. This listing of water-related terms is intended to reduce the potential for misunderstanding presentations made by elected officials, environmental agencies and …

G93-1128 Understanding Groundwater, William L. Kranz, Delynn Hay, James W. Goeke

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides information on how groundwater exists, where it exists, and how it moves. Key definitions are highlighted. Water is the life blood of every living creature on earth. Approximately 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. Through the wonders of nature, water can take on many different forms, from the water we drink, to the ice we use to chill a glass of lemonade, to the water vapor used to steam clean equipment. It is easy to understand the significance water plays in our lives, but it may be much more difficult to understand the …

G93-1150 Rinsing Pesticide Containers, Larry D. Schulze, Clyde Ogg

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

It is estimated that every year one million plastic agricultural pesticide containers are used in Nebraska. Effective rinsing of these containers saves money, protects the environment and meets federal and state regulations on pesticide use.

Proper rinsing of pesticide containers is easy to do, saves money and helps protect people and the environment. It also helps prevent potential problems with unrinsed containers and storage of the rinse solution (rinsate). Even during a busy season, the few extra minutes it takes to properly rinse empty pesticide containers is time well spent.

G93-1184 Bovine Ocular Neoplasia, L. J. Perino, D. D. Griffin, D. G. Rogers

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide will aid in the early identification and proper management of bovine ocular neoplasia, commonly known as cancer eye, including appropriate veterniary care. The common name for bovine ocular neoplasia, also known as ocular squamous cell tumors, is cancer eye. The term cancer eye is not entirely accurate and carries negative connotations. As we will explain in this NebGuide not all of these growths are cancerous. The scientific term for a cow is "bovine," the medical term for the eye is "ocular," and the medical term for these new and abnormal growths is "neoplasia." Thus, the term bovine ocular …

G93-1148 Common Infectious Diseases That Cause Abortions In Cattle, Duane N. Rice, Douglas Rogers

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide briefly discusses the common infectious diseases that cause abortions in cattle. "Abortion" is the expulsion of the fetus prior to the end of the normal gestation period. Many abortions occur very early after conception and the embryos or fetuses are so small that they may not be seen. Other abortions may occur near normal calving time and it is difficult to determine whether the cow has aborted or whether a premature birth has occurred. Abortions have many causes which may include physiological problems (such as hormonal imbalances), metabolic problems, toxicoses and/or infectious diseases caused by protozoa, bacteria or …

Nf93-116 Food Guide Pyramid Fruit Group, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses the food group's importance in the food pyramid.

Soluble Highly Reactive Form Of Calcium And Reagents Thereof, Reuben D. Rieke

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A soluble highly reactive form of calcium, prepared from Ca(II) salts and a reducing agent in ethereal, polyethereal, or hydrocarbon solvents, is presented. This form of calcium can be used in the preparation of organocalcium reagents. The organocalcium reagents resulting from the reaction of the soluble highly reactive calcium with organic compounds containing either halide, cyanide, a 1,3-diene, or a polyunsaturated functionality, are stable, useful reagents for organic synthesis. The organocalcium halide reagents undergo Grignard-type reactions. They also undergo reactions with Cu(I) salts to form organocalcium cuprate reagents. The organocalcium cuprate reagents undergo a variety of cross-coupling reactions. The soluble …

Infection With A Ratborne Hantavirus In Us Residents Is Consistently Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease, Gregory E. Glass, Alan J. Watson, James W. Leduc, Gabor D. Kelen, Thomas C. Quinn, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A survey of 8080 subjects was conducted in Baltimore, examining the association between infection with hantaviruses and renal disease. Two groups (N = 6060) with no known risk factors were selected to establish a baseline antibody prevalence. Overall, antibody prevalence was 0.25%. Seroprevalence increased with age, without sex- or race-related differences. Patients with proteinuria showed the same patterns of infection but were more commonly seropositive (1.46%) than the reference group( OR, 3.23; P < .05). Infection among dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease was 2.76%, significantly higher than in the reference group( OR, 5.03; P < .05). In the proteinuria and the dialysis groups, hantavirus infection was consistently associated with a diagnosis of hypertensive renal disease. The association was unrelated to other chronic renal disease diagnoses. Overall, 6.5% of patients with end-stage renal disease due to hypertension were seropositive for a hantavirus. These data suggest that hantavirus infection is associated with hypertensive renal disease.

Transport Of Co2+ In A Physically And Chemically Heterogeneous Porous Medium, Mark L. Brusseau, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The fate of radionuclides in the subsurface is of critical importance to the planning, siting, and evaluation of repositories for radioactive wastes. Mathematical models are an integral component of this process. An accurate understanding of radionuclide transport is required to successfully formulate and use these models. It is well-known that the subsurface is both physically and chemically heterogeneous. Recent research has shown that the resultant spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and of sorption capacity can significantly affect solute transport in the subsurface. The impact of hydraulic conductivity variability and sorption capacity variability on the transport of radionuclides is, therefore, of …