Digital Commons Network^™

G94-1213 Child Care Environment Safety Checklist, Shirley Niemeyer, Michael P. Vogel

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide reviews statistics about child care services and offers suggestions on maintaining a safe environment for children in your care.

Being a child care provider means more than loving children. It means providing a safe environment for and protecting the children in your care so they can explore their world and develop trust.

Industrial Uses Of Soyoil: A Market Analysis, Janice L. Callum

Industrial Agricultural Products Center: Publications and Information

Industry Structure
Lubricants' base oil production is virtually controlled by five, vertically integrated, multi-national companies. Their market shares are large enough to permit strong influence over the entire industry and to render competition ineffective. It will be difficult for new firms to enter the lubricant's industry and compete successfully with these entrenched firms. The lubricants market is large. The market is dominated by petroleum based, mineral oil products. Projected market growth is minimal, and worldwide supply is ample. Growing environmental awareness and the prospect of stringent regulations regarding petroleum products use have spurred renewed interest in the manufacture of vegetable …

Nf94-200 Making Choices About Salvaging Wet Or Flood Damaged Carpet, Kathleen Heiden, Shirley Niemeyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses options available with wet or flood damaged carpeting.

Nf94-199 Making Choices About Salvaging Flood Damaged Or Wet Furniture, Kathleen Heiden, Shirley Niemeyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact has information about restoring furniture after a flood to prevent mildew and odors.

Ec94-807 A Measure Of Agribusiness On Nebraska's Economy, R.G. Taylor, Charles Lamphear, Karl H. Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In 1990, agribusiness in Nebraska sold over $14.9 billion in goods and services, employed over 121,000 workers, paid an estimate $3.6 billion in wages and salaries and contributed $4.5 billion to value added. Moreover, agribusiness' total direct and indirect contribution to Nebraska's economy in 1990 was close to 250,000 jobs, with an estimated payroll of nearly $6 billion. This extension circular discusses the contributions that agribusiness has made to the Nebraska economy.

Ec94-135 Understanding Pesticides And Water Quality In Nebraska, Steven D. Comfort, Patrick J. Shea, Fred W. Roeth

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Groundwater is Nebraska's most important natural resource. The principal source of groundwater in Nebraska is the High Plains Aquifer System. This system underlies approximately 85 percent of the state and supplies 95 percent of all groundwater used in Nebraska. The majority of groundwater in Nebraska is used by agriculture but domestic and commercial uses are also important. Eighty-two percent of Nebraskans use groundwater as their major source of drinking water, and nearly all of the state's farm homes rely on groundwater for their domestic needs.

Rp94-374 A Parent's Guide To Children's Weight

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Weight is one of the many personal characteristics that distinguish children from each other. It has implications for both the physical and mental health of the child. Unfortunately, it also has the potential for causing many parent-child disagreements about what is or is not eaten and in what amounts.

This research publication answers the following questions:

What is the "right" weight for my child?

What can parents do to help a child who is medically defined as overweight or obese?

How can parents help an underweight child?

What can parents do to help children reach and maintain their best weight? …

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Volume 3-1, Winter 1994/1995

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters and Publications

Ecology of Waterfowl Botulism
Responses to the Questionnaire to Readers
Mycoplasma gallisepticum in House Finches in the Eastern United States
Unusual observations of harp and hooded seals
Morbillivirus infection (canine distemper) in a bobcat
Cerebral nematodiasis in a bobcat
Stranding of two bottlenose whales in the St. Lawrence estuary
Prevalence of parasitic cataracts in St. Lawrence River fish
Rupture of a dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary trunk in a beluga whale from the St. Lawrence Estuary
Tularemia in beavers
Ring-billed gulls - False Duck Island
Lead poisoning in loons
Salmonella and Campylobacter in gulls
Other observations
Mortality patterns in orphaned …

Identification And Assessment Of Wildlife Damage: An Overview, Richard A. Dolbeer, Nicholas R. Holler, Donald W. Hawthorne

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Wildlife management is often thought of in terms of protecting, enhancing, and nurturing wildlife populations and the habitat needed for their wellbeing. However, many species at one time or another require management actions to reduce conflicts with people or with other wildlife species. Examples include an airport manager modifying habitats to reduce gull activity near runways, a forester poisoning pocket gophers to increase tree seedling survival in a reforestation project, or a biologist trapping an abundant predator or competing species to enhance survival of an endangered species.

Wildlife damage control is an increasingly important part of the wildlife management profession …

Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), Edward K. Boggess

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is found throughout the United States, with the exception of the higher elevations of mountainous regions and some areas of the arid Southwest. Raccoons prefer hardwood forest areas near water. Raccoons are omnivorous, eating both plant and animal foods. Raccoons may cause damage or nuisance problems in a variety of ways, and their distinctive tracks often provide evidence of their involvement in damage situations. Raccoons are protected furbearers in most states, with seasons established for running, hunting, or trapping.

River Otters (Lutra Canadensis), Edward P. Hill

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

River otters (Lutra canadensis) are best known for their continuous and playful behavior, their aesthetic value, and the value of their durable, high-quality fur. River otters occur throughout North America except the arctic slopes, the arid portions of the Southwest, and the intensive agricultural and industrialized areas of the midwestern United States. The diet of the river otter throughout its range is primarily fish. The reproductive biology of river otters and all other weasels is complex because of a characteristic known as delayed implantation. The presence of river otter(s) around or in a fish hatchery, aquaculture, or fish …

Skunks, James E. Knight

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The skunk (Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale putorius), a member of the weasel family, is represented by four species in North America. The skunk has short, stocky legs and proportionately large feet equipped with well-developed claws that enable it to be very adept at digging. The striped skunk is common throughout the United States and Canada. Adult skunks begin breeding in late February. Skunks inhabit clearings, pastures, and open lands bordering forests. Skunks eat plant and animal foods in about equal amounts during fall and winter. Skunks become a nuisance when their burrowing and feeding habits conflict with humans. …

Wolves (Canis Lupus), William J. Paul, Philip S. Gibson

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Two species of wolves occur in North America, gray wolves (Canis lupus) and red wolves (Canis rufus). During the 1800s, gray wolves ranged over the North American continent as far south as central Mexico. Gray wolves occupy boreal forests and forest/agricultural edge communities in Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and northern Michigan. Mech reported that gray wolves prey mainly on large animals including white-tailed deer, mule deer, moose, caribou, elk, Dall sheep, bighorn sheep, and beaver. Gray wolves are highly social, often living in packs of two to eight or more individuals. The ability of wolves to kill …

Bats (Myotis Lucifugus), Arthur M. Greenhall, Stephen C. Frantz

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Despite their ecological value, bats (Myotis lucifugus) are relentlessly and unjustifiably persecuted. Bats, the only mammals that truly fly, belong to the order Chiroptera. Bats in North America are virtually all insectivorous, feeding on a variety of flying insects (exceptions among house bats were noted previously). Most North American bats emit high frequency sounds (ultrasound) inaudible to humans and similar to sonar, in order to avoid obstacles, locate and capture insect prey, and to communicate. Bats often fly about swimming pools, from which they drink or catch insects. Bats use roosting niches that are indoors (human dwellings, outbuildings, …

Deer, Scott R. Craven, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are probably the most widely distributed and best-recognized large mammals in North America. Deer are even-toed ungulates of the family Cervidae. The white-tailed deer is found in every state in the United States except perhaps Alaska and Utah. Deer are creatures of the forest edge rather than the dense, old-growth forest. Browse (leaves, stems, and buds of woody plants) is generally available all year and is a staple food for deer. Breeding occurs from October to January depending on latitude. Deer damage a wide variety of row crops, forage crops, vegetables, fruit trees, nursery stock, …

Elk, David S. Decalesta, Gary W. Witmer

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The elk is a large, powerful animal with an adult weight averaging over 400 pounds (180 kg). The Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) is found in the Rocky Mountain states and in scattered locations in the Midwest and East. Although elk once roamed freely into lower elevation grasslands, they are now found primarily close to heavily forested areas that are dotted with natural or human-made (clear-cut) openings. Elk graze on grasses and forbs, and browse on shrubs, tree seedlings, and saplings. Weather and human activities influence elk activity. Elk commonly impact agricultural resources by competing with domestic …

Pronghorn Antelope (Antilocapra Americana), Sanford D. Schemnitz

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is not a true antelope but in a family by itself (Antilocapridae). It is native only to North America. Pronghorns currently have a scattered but widespread distribution throughout western North America. Pronghorns thrive in short and mixed grasslands and sagebrush grasslands. Pronghorns eat a variety of plants, mostly forbs and browse. Pronghorns depend on their eyesight and speed to escape enemies. Pronghorns sometimes cause damage to grain fields, alfalfa, and haystacks during the winter. Pronghorns have game-animal status in all of the western states.

Cottontail Rabbits, Scott R. Craven

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) usually can be accepted as interesting additions to the backyard or rural landscape if control techniques are applied correctly. Under some unusual circumstances, control of damage may be difficult. There are 13 species of cottontail rabbits (genus Sylvilagus), nine of which are found in various sections of North America north of Mexico. The eastern cottontail’s range includes the entire United States east of the Rocky Mountains and introductions further west. Cottontails do not distribute themselves evenly across the landscape. Rabbits live only 12 to 15 months, and probably only one rabbit in 100 lives …

American Crows, Ron J. Johnson

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is one of America’s best-known birds. American crows are widely distributed over much of North America. American crows do best in a mixture of open fields where food can be found and woodlots where there are trees for nesting and roosting. Crows are omnivorous, eating almost anything, and they readily adapt food habits to changing seasons and available food supply. Crows are among the most intelligent of birds. Experiments indicate that American crows can count to three or four, are good at solving puzzles, have good memories, employ a diverse and behaviorally complex …

Gulls, Victor E. F. Solman

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The term gull refers to members of a group of 23 North American bird species that belong to the family Laridae, subfamily Larinae. The herring (Larus argentatus) and ringbilled (L. delawarensis) gulls are the most common and widespread of the species. Most gulls nest in colonies on sand and gravel-covered shorelines and islands. Gulls feed on land or water on aquatic animals, terrestrial invertebrates and small vertebrates, plant remains, carrion, and refuse. Increasing gull populations in North America during the past century have led to a variety of problems for different segments of society.

Swallows, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Eight members of the swallow family Hirundinidae breed in North America: the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), violet-green swallow (T. thalassina), purple martin (Progne subis), bank swallow (Riparia riparia), northern rough-winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis), barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), cave swallow (Hirundo fulva), and the cliff swallow (H. pyrrhonota). Cliff and barn swallows are found throughout most of North America. Four basic conditions are found near most cliff and barn swallow nest sites: (1) an open habitat for foraging, (2) a suitable surface for …

Waterfowl, Edward C. Cleary

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The term waterfowl is properly applied only to ducks, geese, and swans. In North America, most waterfowl are migratory, flying long distances in the spring and fall between the summer breeding grounds and wintering areas. Waterfowl, as their name implies, are most often found near water. The food of individual waterfowl species ranges from fish to insects to plants in various combinations, depending on availability. Waterfowl are normally monogamous and solitary nesters. Goose problems in urban and suburban areas are primarily caused by giant Canada geese, which are probably the most adaptable of all waterfowl. In the United States, migratory …

Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis), Allan R. Woodward, Dennis N. David

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the most common of two crocodilians native to the United States and is one of 22 crocodilian species worldwide. The American alligator is found in wetlands throughout the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Alligators can be found in almost any type of fresh water, but population densities are greatest in wetlands with an abundant food supply and adjacent marsh habitat for nesting. Alligators are exclusively carnivorous and prey upon whatever creatures are most available. Alligators are ectothermic — they rely on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature. Damage …

Salamanders, James L. Byford

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinumare) are smooth-skinned amphibians with no skin covering such as scales, hair, or feathers. There are several dozen kinds of salamanders found in the United States, but most occur only in parts of one or several states. Salamanders depend on water and moisture for their existence. All salamanders are predators. Salamanders generally are active when there is no sunshine—at night or on cloudy, rainy days. Salamanders do not cause damage to people or property.

Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis Viridis), Walter E. Howard

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) are distinctly American serpents. There are 15 species of rattlesnakes in the United States and 25 in Mexico. Rattlesnakes are usually identified by their warning rattle—a hiss or buzz—made by the rattles at the tip of their tails. Rattlesnakes occur only in North and South America and range from sea level to perhaps 11,000 feet (over 3,000 m) in California and 14,000 feet (4,000 m) in Mexico, although they are not abundant at the higher elevations. Young or small species of rodents comprise the bulk of the food supply for most rattlesnakes. When a …

Turtles, James F. Fowler, Jimmy L. Avery

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Turtles (Terrapene carolina) occur on all continents except Antarctica. Any permanent body of water is a potential home for turtles. Turtles are seldom a pest to people. Most turtles are not protected by state laws.

Specimen Labels, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

This section contains specimen labels of various products used for controlling wildlife damage. Products included here were selected as examples of registered vertebrate pesticides. Space limitations make it impossible to include labels from every available product. Inclusion of trade names, proprietary products, or company names does not imply endorsement by the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension, USDA-APHIS-Animal Damage Control, or the Great Plains Agricultural Council. Similarly, no discrimination is intended against products or companies not included. Since pesticide labels change frequently, be sure to obtain, read, and follow current label directions when using any pesticide. Check with appropriate federal and …

Ec94-1559-D Pesticide Use On Specialty Crops In Nebraska 1992, Gary L. Hein, Shripat T. Kamble, Warren Vorhees, William Waggoner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

EC 94-1559-D : This circular details the use of pesticides on crops in Nebraska during the year 1992. The circular breaks down use of pesticides on specific specialty crops grown in Nebraska.

Nf94-205 Chemical Dependency And Family Relationships, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Alcoholism is not just one person's problem and, for the family to recover, all family members must confront the alcoholism and their own codependent behavior.

Nf94-188 Food Guide Pyramid: Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs & Nut Group, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses the Food Guide Pyramid, especially concerning the meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nut groups.